White Paper on Juvenile Prosecution Work (2021)
Children are the future of the motherland and the hope of the Chinese nation.
——Xi Jinping
Table of contents
foreword
1. Analysis of juvenile procuratorial case handling data
2. Follow the law of justice and strengthen two-way protection
3. Coordinate the "four major prosecutors" and deepen comprehensive and comprehensive judicial protection
Fourth, strengthen departmental collaboration and actively integrate into the "five major protections"
5. Pay attention to crime prevention and improve the effect of publicity and education on the rule of law
6. Adhere to the equal emphasis on quality and efficiency, and promote the construction of specialization and standardization
Conclusion
Major Events of National Juvenile Procuratorial Work
foreword
2021 is a landmark year in the history of the party and the country.
Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the history of the two centenary goals has intersected, and a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way has begun.
2021 is also a year worth remembering in the history of the development of the protection of minors. The newly revised Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on the Prevention of Minor Crimes (hereinafter referred to as the "two laws") will be officially implemented, and the principle that is most beneficial to minors Deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the "six major protections" of family, school, society, network, government and judicial work together; 11) Implemented, underage and stubborn "bear children" were put under a curse, and persons with special duties sexually assaulted minors with "one class crime". "Bringing a baby has become a buzzword, receiving family education guidance has become a compulsory course for "hands-off parents", and paying more attention to family, family education, and family style become citizens' conscious actions.
This year, the juvenile protection net has been more tightly woven, and the work results have become more prominent, but we must also be soberly aware that with the development of the economy and society, the protection of juveniles is facing a more severe and complicated situation, and crimes against juveniles The number continues to rise, juvenile crimes are on the rise, the absence of family guardianship is more prominent, the Internet has a huge impact on minors, and the social environment for the healthy growth of minors needs to be optimized, etc. The protection of minors still has a long way to go.
In 2021, procuratorial organs across the country will adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, conscientiously implement the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening the Legal Supervision of Procuratorial Organs in the New Era" (Zhongfa [2021] No. 28), further strengthen the judicial protection of minors, improve The protection system that combines specialization and socialization, from the perspective of serving and guaranteeing the sustainable development of the party and the country, pays close attention to the implementation of the "two laws" for the protection of minors, and protects the healthy growth of minors with heart and emotion.
We strive to do a good job of two-way protection, not only educating and saving minors involved in crimes, but also caring and helping minor victims. In response to problems such as difficult and late detection of crimes against juveniles, we promote mandatory reporting of crimes against minors, and sexual assault crimes. The entry inquiry system has been implemented and effective; comprehensive judicial protection has been deepened, and the unified and centralized handling of juvenile procuratorial business has been fully implemented. In response to the lack of family guardianship, the system of "supervision and supervision of guardianship orders" has been created and promoted, and criminal, civil, administrative, and public interest litigations have been integrated. The four major procuratorial functions; proactively integrate into the other "five major protections" through the performance of procuratorial duties, deploy and carry out a special legal supervision action for the protection of minors of "inspect, love and protect the future", and deploy with the All-China Women's Federation and the China Customs and Work Committee in handling criminal matters. Carry out family education guidance in adult cases, jointly formulate with the Ministry of Education the work regulations for prosecutors serving as vice-principals of the rule of law, and supervise the implementation of the "No. Work with the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League to carry out demonstration construction of a social support system for juvenile procuratorial work in 80 regions, and notify relevant departments of public interest litigation cases involving juveniles’ online protection to promote cyberspace governance. Reports on the judicial protection work of adults and fully affirmed that the work of juvenile procuratorial work has been "widespread and subtle", and has taken solid steps and made new progress in the past year.
In order to more intuitively present the juvenile procuratorial work in the past year, deepen the understanding of the development law of juvenile procuratorial work, more consciously assume the procuratorial responsibility for the protection of juveniles, and take the initiative to accept social supervision, we summarize the work of the past year and form the "Juvenile Procuratorial Work". White Paper on People's Procuratorial Work (2021).
The white paper analyzes the situation and problems reflected in the business data of the "four major procuratorates" involving minors, focusing on the characteristics and circumstances of cases involving minors since 2017, especially in 2021, and strengthening two-way protection and comprehensive judicial protection for procuratorial organs , actively integrate into the other "five protections", carry out publicity and education on the rule of law, strengthen professional and standardized construction, etc. to briefly summarize, and sort out the cases, typical practices, and innovative mechanisms that have a certain impact and significance on the procuratorial and judicial protection of juveniles. The public should have a more comprehensive and intuitive understanding of juvenile procuratorial work, assist and participate in juvenile procuratorial work, and support and supervise juvenile procuratorial work.
The protection of minors is a systematic project that requires the joint efforts of the whole society.
On the occasion of the "June 1st" International Children's Day and the first anniversary of the implementation of the revised "two laws", the white paper is now released, hoping to further promote judicial protection and "family, school, society, Internet, government through the performance of procuratorial duties" "The five major protections are integrated and implemented as a whole, and truly realize "1+5>6=real", so as to better build consensus and form a joint force to jointly protect the future and healthy growth of the motherland!
1. Analysis of juvenile procuratorial case handling data
In order to strengthen the comprehensive judicial protection of minors, in 2021, the unified and centralized handling of juvenile procuratorial business will be fully implemented in procuratorial organs across the country, and the criminal, civil, administrative, and public interest litigation procuratorial functions involving juveniles will be carried out by uninspected departments or agencies. The unprosecuted case handling team has been unified, and the comprehensive judicial protection pattern of the "four major procuratorates" for minors has taken shape.
(1) Criminal prosecution of juveniles
In 2021, procuratorial organs across the country will accept a total of 55,379 juvenile criminal suspects for review and arrest, and 73,998 people will be reviewed and prosecuted. After review, 27,208 people will be approved for arrest, but 27,673 people will not be approved; 35,228 people will be prosecuted (including the probationary period for non-prosecution with conditions). The number of people prosecuted after expiration), 22,585 people were not prosecuted (including the number of people who did not prosecute after the conditional non-prosecution test period expired), 19,783 people were not prosecuted with conditions, and the non-arrest, non-prosecution, and conditional non-prosecution rates were 50.4%, 39.1%, 29.7%.
In 2021, procuratorial organs across the country approved the arrest of 45,827 persons who committed crimes against minors, and prosecuted 60,553 persons.
1. Juvenile delinquency
(1) The number of juvenile crimes rebounded.
From 2017 to 2021, the number of juvenile criminal suspects accepted for review and arrest by procuratorial organs was 42,413, 44,901, 48,275, 37,681, and 55,379, and the number of juvenile suspects accepted for review and prosecution was 59,593, 58,307, and 61,295 respectively. people, 54,954 people, 73,998 people.
In 2021, the number of arrests under review and prosecutions under review will increase by 30.6% and 24.2%, respectively, compared with 2017.
(2) Five major crimes account for more than two-thirds of the total.
In 2021, the top five juvenile criminal suspects accepted for review and indictment by the procuratorial organs are 19,061 for theft, 9,049 for gathering and fighting, 7,591 for rape, 7,186 for robbery, and 6,902 for picking quarrels and provoking trouble, respectively. 25.8%, 12.2%, 10.3%, 9.7%, and 9.3% of the number of indicted persons, and 49,789 persons were charged for five types of crimes, accounting for 67.3%.
(3) The proportion of juveniles suspected of serious violent crimes has been stable with some decline.
From 2017 to 2021, the procuratorial organs will accept the review and prosecute minors for suspected intentional homicide, intentional injury causing serious injury or death, rape, robbery, drug trafficking, arson, explosion, poisoning and other eight serious violent crimes (due to the relationship between statistical calibers). , including all the crimes of intentional injury, smuggling, trafficking, transportation, and manufacturing of drugs) were 19,954, 17,936, 18,172, 15,736, and 21,087, accounting for 33.48%, 30.76%, and 29.65% of the total number of crimes. , 28.63%, 28.49%, a decrease of 4.99 percentage points in 2021 compared with 2017.
(4) The proportion of juvenile drug crimes continued to decline.
From 2017 to 2021, 2,003, 1,504, 1,201, 942, and 978 juvenile drug-related crimes were accepted, examined and prosecuted by procuratorial organs, accounting for 3.36% and 2.58% of the number of juvenile criminal suspects accepted, examined and prosecuted respectively during the same period. , 1.96%, 1.71%, 1.32%, and the number of people in 2021 will decrease by 50.67% compared with 2017.
(5) The number of school bullying and violent crime continues to decline.
From 2017 to 2021, the number of arrests of bullying and violent crimes approved by the procuratorial organs was 4,157, 2,785, 1,667, 583, and 581, respectively, and the number of prosecutions was 5,926, 4,590, 2,914, 1,341, 1062 people, showing a downward trend year by year.
The number of arrests and prosecutions in 2021 will drop by 86.02% and 82.08% respectively compared with 2017.
(6) The recidivism rate of juveniles has decreased.
From 2017 to 2021, 1,938, 2,054, 2,349, 2,092, and 2,197 of the minors accepted for review and prosecution by procuratorial organs had received criminal punishment, accounting for 3.25% of the total number of minors accepted for review and prosecution during the same period. , 3.52%, 3.83%, 3.83%, 2.97%, reflecting that the effect of education and rescue for minors involved in crimes has improved.
(7) Juvenile delinquency shows a trend of younger age.
From 2017 to 2021, the number of juvenile criminal suspects between the ages of 14 and 16 accepted by the procuratorial organs for review and prosecution was 5,189, 4,695, 5,445, 5,259, and 8,169, accounting for 8.71% of the total number of juvenile crimes accepted for review and prosecution. , 8.05%, 8.88%, 9.57%, 11.04%.
In terms of the number of crimes, there will be an increase of 2,980 people in 2021 compared with 2017, an increase of 57.4%.
(8) The number of telecommunication and cyber crimes involving minors is increasing rapidly.
In 2019, 2020, and 2021, procuratorial organs prosecuted 2,130, 2,932, and 3,555 minors suspected of using telecommunication networks to commit crimes, a year-on-year increase of 37.65% and 21.25%, respectively.
Among them, the crime of minors suspected of helping information network criminal activities has increased significantly. 130 people will be prosecuted in 2020 and 911 people will be prosecuted in 2021, an increase of 6 times year-on-year.
2. The implementation of special protection and judicial policies for minors
(1) For the first time, the non-arrest rate for juvenile delinquency exceeded half.
From 2017 to 2021, the procuratorial organs did not approve the arrest of 14,223, 15,205, 16,549, 14,709, and 27,673 juvenile criminal suspects according to law. 50.4%, the number of people without arrest in 2021 will exceed the number of approved arrests for the first time, and the rate of non-arrest will increase by 11.3 percentage points year-on-year.
From the perspective of the reasons for not arresting, in 2021, 20,720 people will not be arrested due to lack of social danger, accounting for 74.88% of the number of people who are not arrested, an increase of 4.07 percentage points from 2020.
(2) The rate of non-prosecution of juvenile crimes continued to rise.
From 2017 to 2021, the procuratorial organs did not prosecute 10,114, 11,865, 13,752, 16,062, and 22,585 juvenile criminal suspects, respectively, and the non-prosecution rates were 18.84%, 22.99%, 24.13%, 32.59%, and 39.1%. %, and the non-complaint rate in 2021 will increase by 6.5 percentage points year-on-year.
(3) The rate of conditional non-prosecution of juvenile crimes has risen sharply.
From 2017 to 2021, the number of juvenile criminal suspects not prosecuted by procuratorial organs with conditions was 5,681, 6,624, 7,463, 11,376, and 19,783, respectively, and the rate of conditional non-prosecution during the same period was 10.06%, 12.15%, and 12.51, respectively. %, 20.87%, 29.7%.
At the same time, during the probation period of conditional non-prosecution, the number of public prosecutions for violating relevant regulations or re-offending remained at a low level, 134, 183, 233, 286, and 594, respectively, and will be revoked in 2021. The number of people who filed public prosecutions accounted for 3% of the total number of conditional non-prosecutions, which was basically the same as in previous years, reflecting that with the gradual increase in the number of people who applied the conditional non-prosecution system, it was operating well.
(4) The application rate of the leniency system for juvenile crime cases is high.
In 2021, procuratorial organs will apply the leniency system to 61,403 juvenile crime cases, with an application rate of 94.1%, an increase of 1.47 percentage points year-on-year, and 4.7 percentage points higher than the overall application rate of criminal crimes in the same period, reflecting the leniency of guilty pleas and punishments. The system is highly compatible with the concept of juvenile justice, and is better applied in juvenile delinquency cases.
(5) Determine the high rate of application and adoption of sentencing recommendations.
In 2021, the procuratorial organs proposed 27,874 sentencing recommendations for juvenile crimes, of which 23,635 were recommended for sentencing and 4,239 were recommended for ranged sentences, accounting for 84.79% and 15.21% respectively.
Sentencing recommendations were adopted by 26,483 people, with an acceptance rate of 95.01%. Among them, 22,640 and 3,843 people were adopted for fixed and ranged sentences, with an acceptance rate of 95.79% and 90.66%, respectively, an increase of 1.56 and 1.31 percentage points compared with 2020.
(6) The procuratorial supervision of juvenile criminal execution has been intensified.
In 2021, procuratorial organs will conduct a review of the necessity of detention of 20,045 minors involved in crimes, an increase of 3.8 times year-on-year.
In the review and prosecution stage, 2,689 people were directly released or changed to compulsory measures, 1,421 people were proposed to be released or changed to compulsory measures in the investigation stage, and 352 people were proposed to be released or changed to compulsory measures in the trial stage.
A total of 208 procuratorial suggestions were put forward for the supervision of minors in detention centers, an increase of 89.09% year-on-year; 2,042 violations were corrected, an increase of 11.2 times year-on-year; 2,743 people were corrected in mixed custody, a year-on-year increase of 4.8 times.
A total of 18 procuratorial suggestions were put forward for the supervision activities of juvenile correctional institutions, a year-on-year increase of 38.46%; 357 people were corrected for commutation, parole, and temporary execution outside prison.
A total of 203 minors were corrected in community correction activities, up 3.1 times year-on-year; 86 people were corrected for improper execution, up 5.6 times year-on-year; 305 people were corrected and mixed with adult prisoners for community correction.
3. Crimes against minors
(1) Crimes against juveniles are generally on the rise.
From 2017 to 2021, the procuratorial organs approved the arrest of 33,790, 40,005, 47,563, 38,854, and 45,827 persons for crimes against juveniles, respectively, and prosecuted 47,466, 50,705, 62,948, 57,295, and 60,553 persons during the same period. In 2021, it will increase by 35.62% and 27.57% respectively compared with 2017.
(2) The crime of abducting and trafficking in women and children is on the decline.
From 2012 to 2021, procuratorial organs prosecuted 3,699, 2,395, 2,038, 1,598, 1,483, 1,394, 1,322, 1,247, 789, and 1,135 people for abducting and trafficking in women and children, respectively. It decreased by 69.32%, with an average annual decrease of 12.3%.
During the same period, 189, 202, 163, 184, 337, 506, 393, 406, 276, and 328 were prosecuted for the crime of buying and selling abducted women and children, an increase of 73.54% in 2021 compared with 2012. The average annual increase was 6.3%.
(3) The increase in the crime of sexual assault on minors is flattening.
In 2021, procuratorial organs will prosecute 17,917 juvenile rapes, a year-on-year increase of 16.61%, the lowest increase in the past four years.
During the same period, 7,767 persons were prosecuted for molesting children, a year-on-year increase of 32.09%, and 2,167 persons were prosecuted for crimes of forcibly molesting and insulting minors.
(4) The types of crimes against juveniles are more concentrated.
In 2021, the top six prosecutions for crimes against minors by procuratorial organs are rape, child molestation, picking quarrels and provoking trouble, robbery, traffic accident, and theft. It accounted for 67.07% of the number of prosecutions, an increase of 4.64 percentage points over 2020.
(5) Minor victims under the age of 14 accounted for more than half of the victims.
From 2017 to 2021, the procuratorial organs prosecuted 19,717, 21,013, 25,723, 27,234, and 31,213 criminals against minors under the age of 14, up 6.6%, 22.4%, 5.9%, and 14.6% year-on-year, respectively. The proportions of the number of crimes against minors were 41.54%, 41.44%, 40.86%, 47.53% and 51.55% respectively.
(6) Crimes against rural left-behind children generally slowed down.
From 2017 to 2021, the procuratorial organs prosecuted 3,325, 2,808, 2,591, 2,521, and 2,599 crimes against left-behind children in rural areas, accounting for 7%, 5.54%, 4.12%, and 4.52% of the crimes against minors, respectively. %, 4.29%.
(7) The crime of organizing minors to violate public security management activities has increased significantly.
From 2017 to 2021, procuratorial organs prosecuted 4, 37, 98, 170, and 402 people for organizing minors to violate public security management activities, an increase of 164.86%, 73.47%, and 136.47% respectively in the past three years. %, reflecting that the problem of organizing and attracting minors to commit crimes cannot be ignored.
(2) Minor people's civil and administrative procuratorial situations
(1) Strengthen the supervision of guardianship infringement.
In 2021, for those who meet the conditions for revocation of guardian qualifications, the procuratorial organs will support individuals or units to prosecute 464 cases, a year-on-year increase of 49.2%; put forward 294 procuratorial suggestions, a year-on-year increase of 45.54%; 388 cases of revocation of guardian qualifications, a year-on-year increase of 48.66%.
(2) Strengthen supervision of lack of guardianship.
In 2021, the procuratorial organs will properly conduct guardianship intervention and protection and assistance in accordance with the law for guardians who lack effective guardianship ability, or are in fact unable to perform guardianship duties due to objective reasons and other situations where guardianship is lacking. A total of 326 procuratorial suggestions, a year-on-year increase of 3.1 times; support for prosecution 132 cases were declared missing and dead.
(3) Carry out the work of "supervising guardianship orders".
Since June 1, 2021, in response to the lack of family guardianship, the procuratorial organs have carried out "supervision and supervision orders" in handling cases involving minors, and issued a total of 19,328 "supervision and supervision orders", including juvenile crimes. The suspect's guardian made 14,754 "supervision and guardianship orders", and issued 4,574 "supervision and guardianship orders" to the guardians of minor victims.
(4) Actively carry out the work of supporting prosecution.
In 2021, the procuratorial organs will handle a total of 1,660 cases in support of prosecutions other than guardianship supervision, including 776 cases of recourse for alimony, 65 cases of dropping out of school, and 819 cases of others.
(5) Strengthen the supervision of civil and administrative cases trial and enforcement activities.
In 2021, the procuratorial organs will lodge 14 protests against effective civil judgments, 7 procuratorial suggestions for retrial, and 307 procuratorial suggestions for illegal acts in civil enforcement activities.
2 procuratorial suggestions for retrial and 2 protests were made for administrative effective judgments, 59 procuratorial suggestions were made for illegal acts in administrative enforcement activities, and 23 cases were promoted to substantively resolve administrative disputes.
(3) Juvenile Public Interest Litigation Prosecution
(1) Case filing situation.
In 2021, procuratorial organs will file a total of 6,633 public interest lawsuits for the protection of minors, a year-on-year increase of 3.2 times.
(2) Announcements are issued.
87 civil public interest litigation cases were announced, including 50 civil public interest litigation cases incidental to criminal cases.
(3) The situation of procuratorial suggestions before the prosecution.
There were 5,811 pre-litigation procuratorial suggestions in administrative public interest litigation cases, a year-on-year increase of 2.8 times.
(4) The case of filing a public interest lawsuit.
The procuratorial organs filed 84 public interest lawsuits for the protection of minors, a year-on-year increase of 2.2 times.
Among them, 18 administrative public interest lawsuits, 17 civil public interest lawsuits, and 49 criminal incidental civil public interest lawsuits were brought.
(5) The situation of the case field.
Procuratorial organs handled 1,957 public interest litigation cases involving minors in traditional fields such as food and drug safety, ecological and environmental protection, accounting for 29.5%.
Handle 4,676 cases, accounting for 70.5%, of product quality, tobacco and alcohol sales, cultural publicity, network information dissemination, personal information protection, safety of children's playground facilities, entertainment games, tattoos, on-demand theaters, patriotism education bases, etc.
2. Follow the law of justice and strengthen two-way protection
Two-way protection is not only the concept of juvenile justice, but also the basic law that juvenile prosecutors must follow in handling cases: not only should we focus on safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of minors involved in crimes, but also effectively safeguard the rights and interests of minor victims, and safeguard society. Order and public interests, ensure the organic unity of the "three effects" of handling cases, and achieve win-win, multi-win, and win-win results.
(1) Punishing and accurately helping and educating minors involved in crimes according to law
The procuratorial organs conscientiously implement the "education, probation, rescue" policy and the principle of "education first, punishment second", adhere to the combination of punishment according to law and precise assistance and education, and maximize the education and rescue of minors involved in crimes.
First, punishment in accordance with the law and leniency in accordance with the law go hand in hand.
For minors with minor subjective viciousness and minor criminal circumstances, who are first-time offenders or occasional offenders, we should insist on fewer arrests, careful prosecution, and prudence, so as to reserve a channel for them to return to society.
In 2021, national procuratorial organs will not approve the arrest of 27,673 people, 22,585 people will not be prosecuted (including the number of people who will not prosecute after the conditional non-prosecution test period expires), and 19,783 people will not be prosecuted with conditions.
At the same time, procuratorial organs punish juvenile criminal suspects suspected of serious crimes and great social harm in accordance with the law, and play a warning and educational role.
In 2021, a total of 27,208 people will be arrested and 35,228 people will be prosecuted (including the number of people prosecuted after the conditional non-prosecution period expires).
The implementation of "protection, education, and restraint" measures for juveniles who have committed crimes has been comprehensively promoted, and the procuratorial organs have cooperated with relevant departments to promptly send relevant juveniles who have committed crimes to specialized schools.
The second is to strictly implement special procedures for juvenile criminal cases.
Continue to improve legal aid coverage.
Further strengthen communication and cooperation with judicial administrative organs, promote the establishment of a team of professional legal aid lawyers for juvenile criminal cases, and provide legal aid to juvenile criminal suspects who have not entrusted a defender in a timely manner.
In 2021, procuratorial organs nationwide will provide 49,704 legal aids to juvenile criminal suspects, a year-on-year increase of 39.09%.
Further increase the coverage of legal representatives and suitable adults present.
By forming a team of suitable adults and improving the operation and management mechanism, the important role of suitable adults in communication, comfort, education, witness, and supervision in judicial case handling can be brought into full play.
In 2021, legal representatives and suitable adults will be present 43,968 times and 72,381 times in the review and arrest stage and the review and prosecution stage, respectively, an increase of 112.47% and 76.66% year-on-year, respectively.
Strengthen the supervision of the sealing system of criminal records of juveniles involved in crimes, and protect the identity information of minors from being leaked.
In 2021, procuratorial organs nationwide will seal up 31,510 criminal records, a year-on-year increase of 11.88%.
The third is to insist on helping and teaching throughout the case handling.
Adhere to the difference between people and cases, and effectively promote the resolution of problems such as formalization and homogeneity of social investigation reports.
In 2021, procuratorial organs across the country will conduct 78,562 and 157,939 social investigations respectively during the arrest review and prosecution review phases.
According to the characteristics of juveniles' wrongful behavior and the law of education and correction, and in light of the specific circumstances of the minors involved, the procuratorial organs actively strive for and integrate relevant social forces to participate in precise assistance and education, and strengthen the family education guidance for the guardians of the wrongly juveniles and improve special correction education. , Build a comprehensive care base, introduce professional judicial social workers and volunteers for education and correction, etc., and jointly establish an operation model of "government support, judicial leadership, social coordination, and public participation".
(2) Severely crack down on crimes against juveniles and care for and rescue juvenile victims
In 2021, the national procuratorial organs approved the arrest of 45,827 persons who committed crimes against juveniles and prosecuted 60,553 persons, an increase of 18% and 5.7% respectively year-on-year.
With the ever-increasing efforts to crack down on crimes, major and vicious violence against children has been significantly reduced.
The first is to severely punish crimes against juveniles in accordance with the law.
Severely punish crimes of sexual assault against minors, and focus on cracking down on frequent serious crimes.
The Supreme People's Procuratorate has tracked and guided more than 30 major and sensitive cases of sexual abuse of minors across the country, conducted special investigations on the rectification of sexual abuse of minors, promoted the resolution of judicial practice problems, and improved the effectiveness of case investigations.
Organize, coerce, lure, hold, and introduce typical cases of juvenile prostitution crimes, and guide procuratorial organs at all levels to effectively punish all kinds of crimes against juveniles.
In 2021, 590 missed arrests will be corrected, 335 missed prosecutions will be corrected, and 36 protests will be filed.
Resolutely cracked down on attracting and coercing minors to participate in illegal and criminal activities, and prosecuted 151 cases of 402 people for organizing minors to violate public security management activities.
The second is to do a solid job in the rescue and protection of minor victims.
Continue to promote the construction of a "one-stop" case handling mechanism for crimes against juveniles.
A total of 1,622 "one-stop" inquiry and rescue areas for minor victims have been established across the country, and a total of 15,671 people have been interviewed.
Chongqing, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other places have formed a relatively mature "one-stop" case handling mechanism and working model.
Strengthen comprehensive and multi-dimensional assistance for minor victims. A total of 11,000 cases of judicial assistance were provided throughout the year, 160 million yuan in assistance was distributed, 7,471 people were assisted in providing living arrangements, and 17,638 people were psychologically counseled.
The third is to explore and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minor victims.
For minors who have suffered serious mental trauma due to criminal violations, and the violations have had a great impact on the victim's family, the procuratorial organs have explored supporting the victim and his legal representative to file a lawsuit for mental damage compensation.
The procuratorial organs in Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan and other places supported the minor victims of sexual assault cases to claim compensation for mental damage, which was supported by the court decision.
The Zhejiang Huzhou Procuratorate established a psychological evaluation support center for minor victims with the function of civil support for prosecution as the core, and has handled 5 cases of mental damage compensation support for prosecution, with a cumulative compensation amount of 280,000 yuan.
3. Coordinate the "four major prosecutors" and deepen comprehensive and comprehensive judicial protection
The unified and centralized handling of juvenile procuratorial business is an important reform measure for procuratorial organs to give full play to the advantages of procuratorial functions, strengthen the comprehensive judicial protection of juveniles, and comprehensively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of juveniles.
In 2021, the unified and centralized handling of the juvenile procuratorial business will be steadily and comprehensively implemented in procuratorial organs across the country, showing a good trend of orderly and coordinated development.
(1) Comprehensive development of juvenile criminal execution and procuratorial business
The review of the necessity of detaining juveniles in criminal cases, the supervision of detained juveniles' supervision activities, and the supervision of juveniles' community correction activities are carried out in an all-round way as the regular business work of juvenile procuratorial departments.
The first is to refine the review of the necessity of detaining minors involved in crimes.
Procuratorial organs in various places have implemented the criminal justice policy of reducing arrests, prudential prosecution and prudent detention, intensified active review according to their powers, and in accordance with the requirement of "required investigation in every case" during the review and prosecution stage, prudently assessed the necessity of detaining minors involved in crimes, and actively promoted , Create effective guardianship, help and education and other non-custodial conditions to minimize unnecessary detention.
The Shanxi Provincial People's Procuratorate issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Review of the Necessity of Detention of Juvenile Suspects and Defendants" to further standardize the review of the necessity of detention.
Procuratorial organs in Liaoning, Guangdong and other places have carried out quantitative assessments in the review of the necessity of detention to promote more precise review methods.
The Hubei procuratorial organs have guided the public security organs to directly prosecute minors who have committed minor crimes in non-custodial custody, and effectively reduce the pretrial detention of minors.
The Changning District People's Procuratorate of Shanghai has extended its exploration and carried out supervision on the application of criminal detention measures to minors. If criminal detention is not necessary, it will promptly recommend the public security organs to release or change the compulsory measures.
The second is to supervise the supervision activities of detained minors according to the law, and at the same time, pay attention to the work of helping and teaching minors and safeguarding their rights.
The procuratorial departments of Shanxi, Jilin, Henan and other places, together with the criminal enforcement and procuratorial departments, communicate with the detention centers to establish a daily liaison and cooperation mechanism, carry out supervision through patrol inspections, special inspections, etc., and jointly carry out the probation, rescue and correction of minors educate.
The Beijing Municipal People's Procuratorate established the Yangfan Procuratorial Center, a new starting point for the correctional center for juvenile offenders, as a platform for legal supervision and correctional assistance.
The procuratorial organs in Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui and other places have organized patrol inspections of juvenile correctional institutions, and further strengthened the supervision of the supervision and law enforcement work of juvenile correctional institutions by means of inspections in the supervision districts, inspections of the prison rooms, checking the accounts, and monitoring monitoring. .
The Liaoning procuratorial organ has deepened the "two assistances" for juvenile offenders in prison and return to help, and carried out a whole chain of assistance and education from entering prison, serving a sentence, leaving prison, and returning to society.
三是以未成年人社区矫正特别规定落实为重点，强化对未成年社区矫正对象矫治帮教情况的常态化监督。发现社区矫正机构违反未成年人社区矫正相关规定的，依法提出纠正意见，保障有关未成年人社区矫正特别规定落实到位，配合做好对未成年人的教育。天津、黑龙江、西藏等地检察机关主动与司法行政机关对接，做好未成年社区矫正对象摸底调查和动态掌握，逐人建档。河北省人民检察院与省司法厅联合印发《关于加强未成年人社区矫正工作配合协作的意见》，在全省范围开展未成年人社区矫正检察监督专项活动，逐人逐项进行核查。吉林、福建、广东、宁夏等地检察机关以建立符合未成年人身心特点的特殊矫正机制为切入点，积极引入专业社会力量，开展定制式、个性化帮教，助力未成年人顺利回归社会。
(二)结合办案多维度强化对监护权的监督干预
一是加大监护侵害监督力度。对于监护人严重损害未成年人身心健康及合法权益，以及不履行监护职责导致未成年人处于危困状态的，在依法惩治的同时，及时建议、支持有关单位或者个人起诉撤销其监护人资格，坚决阻隔侵害，保障未成年人得到妥善监护照料，并会同民政等部门共同做好生活安置、保护救助等工作。辽宁省锦州市人民检察院联合教育、民政、妇联等六家单位会签文件，推动在民政、妇联设置未成年人检察工作站，开展未成年人监护侵害线索排查、线索收集、转接处理工作。上海闵行、四川成都检察机关探索开展家庭监护评估，为监护权监督工作提供更多借鉴参考。
二是主动开展监护缺失监督。对于监护人缺乏有效监护能力，或者因客观原因事实上无法履行监护职责等监护缺失情形，依法妥善进行监护干预和救助保护，帮助未成年人摆脱监护缺失困境。贵州安顺检察机关与云南昆明检察机关开展跨省协作，对事实无人抚养儿童进行接力救助，助力解决其监护缺失和生活、成长等问题。河南检察机关与法院、公安、民政等部门联合发布《关于进一步做好孤儿和事实无人抚养儿童精细化服务保障工作的通知》，进一步细化事实无人抚养儿童服务保障举措。广西壮族自治区河池市人民检察院与法院、公安等部门建立监护缺失儿童监护确权联动机制，协同推进关爱救助各项工作。
三是全面推开“督促监护令”工作。自2021年6月1日起，全国检察机关在办理涉未成年人案件中全面推开“督促监护令”工作。各地充分运用这一加强监护权监督的创新工作机制，根据个案不同情况和监护履职中存在的具体问题，针对性督促、引导监护人切实、有效履行监护职责，最大限度避免未成年人遭受不法侵害，预防和减少未成年人违法犯罪。2021年，全国检察机关制发“督促监护令”共计19328份，其中，向未成年犯罪嫌疑人的监护人发送“督促监护令”14754份，向未成年被害人的监护人发送“督促监护令”4574份。贵州省人民检察院积极推动将“督促监护令”写入《贵州省预防未成年人犯罪条例》，上升到法规层面。上海、甘肃等地检察机关针对不会管、管不好和不想管三类家长，探索分类制发“督促监护令”，从督促监护内容、文书发送方式、跟踪监督成效等方面进行区分，做到有的放矢。
(三)持续拓展未成年人民事、行政检察工作
一是多领域加强未成年人民事、行政权益保障。落实民法典、新修订的未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法有关未成年人保护的新任务新要求，结合未成年人民事、行政权益保护实际需求，聚焦重点难点问题，在抚养、收养、教育、继承、代理、监护等领域“多点开花”。内蒙古、浙江等地检察机关组织开展涉未民事执行案件专项监督，针对困境儿童补助款被执行、执行款已划扣未及时发放等行为，依法予以监督纠正。江苏、四川等地检察机关聚焦“双减”政策，针对培训机构“退费难”、未成年人及其家长“维权难”等问题，支持家长提起追索培训费民事诉讼案，维护当事人合法权益。
二是积极开展有关涉未行政争议实质性化解工作。河南省邓州市人民检察院对涉未成年人利益的校园规划行政争议案件进行实质性化解，切实维护校园安全，守护未成年人健康成长。内蒙古自治区开鲁县人民检察院发现冒用他人身份取得结婚证影响未成年人获得孤儿补助的情况，依法向该县民政局提出检察建议，建议注销冒名婚姻登记信息、健全规章制度、加强管理监督。江西南昌、河北唐山等地检察机关对于涉及未成年人户口方面的行政诉讼监督案件，在扎实做好释法说理工作、推动行政争议实质性化解的同时，更好保障未成年人合法权益。
三是逐步探索积累具有未成年人检察特色和切合实际需要的办案经验和方式方法。四川省泸州市人民检察院与市中级人民法院会签《办理涉未成年人支持起诉案件协作机制》，对办理原则、受理范围、调查方式、协作流程等作出明确规定，推动支持起诉工作专业化、规范化、精细化发展。江苏省苏州市虎丘区人民检察院与区法院会签《关于建立涉少民事审判、执行监督工作协作机制的意见》，加强对涉未民事审判、执行活动的监督。上海市徐汇区人民检察院在个案办理的基础上，会同区法院、司法局、教育局签订《关于设立抚养费提存监管制度的实施方案》，进一步强化监护责任的落实和执行。
(四)积极稳妥开展未成年人检察公益诉讼
一是加大办案力度，推动解决未成年人公益保护难点痛点问题。聚焦人民群众关心关切、社会反应强烈的未成年人公益保护突出问题，积极、稳妥开展未成年人公益诉讼检察工作，办理了一批典型案例，办案领域和办案类型有较大幅度拓展。2021年未成年人保护公益诉讼立案6633件，同比上升3.2倍。北京、江苏等地检察机关启动爱国主义教育基地面向未成年人收费公益诉讼监督活动，推动落实对未成年人免费参观的规定。上海、浙江、福建、四川等地检察机关针对点播影院、电竞酒店、剧本杀、密室逃脱等新业态对未成年人保护不到位、行政机关履职不充分等问题，以公益诉讼推动治理。浙江省杭州市余杭区人民检察院办理的某知名短视频公司侵犯儿童个人信息民事公益诉讼案，系民法典实施及未成年人保护法修订后检察机关针对“未成年人网络保护”提起的民事公益诉讼全国第一案。
二是注重办案规范，促进公益保护质效提升。坚持把诉前实现维护公益目的作为最佳司法状态，充分发挥诉前程序作用，注重实现与行政机关及其他被监督对象的双赢多赢共赢。对诉前检察建议落实情况做好跟踪监督，发现诉前检察建议不能有效落实的，以提起诉讼方式接力推动问题解决，防止问题反弹回潮。在加大办案力度的同时，严格把握办案程序和实体规范，充分发挥检察一体化优势，建立重大敏感案件报告、诉前公告审查、跨行政区划案件联动等工作机制，对于疑难、复杂、影响大的案件，通过加强督办指导，帮助办案单位找准症结，选准角度，严谨规范办理。河北、辽宁、上海、甘肃等地检察机关制定规范性文件，明确受案范围、办理流程、审批权限等，为更好开展未成年人公益诉讼检察工作提供遵循。
三是探索办案规律，不断创新工作方式方法。上海、安徽、福建、广东等地检察机关推广建立未成年人公益诉讼观察员制度，充分发挥观察员在提供相关信息和线索、参与听证等方面的作用。重庆市人民检察院探索建立公益诉讼审查报告模板库，定期编发新类型案件审查报告模板，坚决杜绝诉前检察建议滥发多发问题。山西、陕西等地检察机关在办理公益诉讼案件中积极探索惩罚性公益赔偿金制度。
(五)“四大检察”统筹履职的综合保护成效日益凸显
一是未成年人全面综合司法保护理念逐渐深入。最高检编发未成年人综合保护典型案例，强化理念指引和示范引领。各地发挥统一集中办理优势，加强“四大检察”职能的统筹运用，在办理涉未成年人刑事案件过程中对未成年人公共利益、民事、行政权益一体化保护，综合保护未成年人案件数量呈加快上升趋势。河北、吉林、江苏、重庆等地检察机关通过建立刑事案件“一案多查”的办案模式，同步审查监护监督、民事行政审判执行监督、公益诉讼检察等事项，有效提升综合保护质效。浙江湖州检察机关针对涉案未成年人滥用氢溴酸右美沙芬等突出问题向相关部门制发检察建议，促进加强对未成年人药物滥用风险管控，推动实现氢溴酸右美沙芬由非处方药转为处方药管理。
二是未成年人综合保护长效机制逐步确立。在履职办案中注重发现案件背后存在的家庭、社会等诸多问题，通过检察建议、公益诉讼、情况通报、联合督导、健全机制等多种方式，积极推动源头治理和标本兼治。比如，河北、内蒙古、江苏等地检察机关扎实推进未成年人文身问题治理，海南省人民检察院推动在地方立法层面对未成年人文身问题进行规范；浙江省绍兴市人民检察院推动市商务局、卫生健康委和市场监管局联合出台文身行业管理规范；江苏宿迁、江西南昌等地检察机关推动当地人大常委会出台决议，明确禁止未成年人文身。上海静安、陕西宝鸡等地检察机关分别围绕吸毒人员未成年子女帮扶救助、预防未成年人吸烟等方面，与政府相关部门、共青团、妇联、关工委、其他未成年人保护组织等建立协同联动、协作支持的长效机制。辽宁省人民检察院在全省范围开展校园配餐专项整治行动，重点排查校园集体用餐的供餐单位和中小学校、幼儿园自有食堂，深入查找在校园配餐工作中存在的薄弱环节和突出问题，督促相关单位落实保护责任。湖北省人民检察院与省烟草专卖局联合印发《关于在检察公益诉讼中加强协作配合保护未成年人免受烟侵害的意见》，促进行政主管部门依法行政，切实保护未成年人免受烟(含电子烟)侵害。
四、加强部门协作，主动融入“五大保护”
新修订的未成年人保护法构建了“家庭、学校、社会、网络、政府、司法”六大保护体系。检察机关既要承担司法保护的重要职责，又要通过检察履职最大限度推动家庭保护、学校保护、社会保护、网络保护、政府保护落地见效，努力实现“1+5＞6=实”。
(一)助力发挥家庭保护基础作用
家庭是未成年人成长生活的依靠，家庭保护是预防未成年人免受侵害的第一道防线。检察机关立足检察履职，积极促推司法保护融入家庭保护，提高家庭成员的未成年人保护意识和能力，更好护航未成年人健康成长。
一是在办理涉未成年人案件中全面开展家庭教育指导工作。最高检与全国妇联、中国关工委联合下发《关于在办理涉未成年人案件中全面开展家庭教育指导工作的意见》(高检发〔2021〕7号)，明确要求对涉未成年人案件全面开展家庭教育评估，对存在教育主体意识不强、教育方式不当、法治意识淡薄等突出问题的，强制开展家庭教育指导；联合编发在办理涉未成年人案件中全面开展家庭教育指导工作典型案例，引导各地学习先进经验和做法，推动涉未成年人案件家庭教育指导工作高质量发展。
二是积极参与家庭教育工作联动机制建设。认真落实家庭教育促进法，下发《关于学习贯彻<中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法>的通知》，强化家庭教育指导工作的司法保障，推动到2022年底，所有县级人民检察院均建立与妇联组织、关工委或地方政府有关部门的沟通协作机制，形成稳定的家庭教育指导工作力量。积极参与家庭教育促进法普法宣传，结合法治副校长、法治进校园、检察开放日等工作，通过研发家庭教育课件、设立“家长课堂”等多种方式，宣传家庭教育在未成年人成长中的重要作用，引导全社会树立重视家庭教育，依法、科学进行家庭教育的未成年人保护观念，为家庭教育促进法深入实施营造良好环境。
(二)督促完善学校保护工作机制
一是加强检教协作配合，共同推动校园安全管理责任落实。各级检察机关联合教育行政部门持续抓好“一号检察建议”监督落实，通过专项排查、督导检查、情况通报等方式，促进加强校园安全制度建设。同时，边督边改、立行立改，及时消除安全隐患。2021年，全国各级检察机关联合教育行政部门查访中小学校、幼儿园4.4万余所，发现安全管理隐患4100余个。向教育行政部门、学校制发检察建议994件，已完成整改3600余项，纠正男性宿舍管理员管理女生宿舍问题172件。最高检、教育部、市场监管总局赴黑龙江联合开展全国校园安全专项整顿调研工作，对6所中小学校、幼儿园开展安全检查，提出整改意见，督促抓好整改落实。
二是参与校园安全建设，协助学校开展安全管理和依法治理。检察机关深入推进检察官担任法治副校长工作，充分履行检察官法治副校长职责，加强未成年学生保护。河北省人民检察院联合省教育厅开展平安校园建设专项活动，5名省级人民检察院相关负责人、6名市级人民检察院检察长和1000余名检察官走进校园列席校务会、开展实地检查，帮助、会同学校解决校园安全隐患问题。山东省巨野县人民检察院办理一起校外未成年人拉拢学生，多次进入学生宿舍抢劫案件后，专门派出一名副检察长担任该校法治副校长，定期送法进校园，该校迄今再未发生违法犯罪事件。
三是发挥法律专业优势，积极协助学校依法处理学生校园欺凌、校园纠纷、家校矛盾等“疑难杂症”。湖北省黄石市某小学发生学生受伤事件，检察官法治副校长多次协助家校沟通，促成双方和解。新疆维吾尔自治区呼图壁县在校生马某因校内纠纷导致身体损伤，家属无力支付大额手术费用，检察官法治副校长协调学校先行支付4万元手术费用，有效化解矛盾。
(三)促进提升社会保护成效
一是积极落实侵害未成年人案件强制报告制度。检察机关运用多种形式，加大宣传力度，提高强制报告制度社会知晓度，形成社会认同，督促相关部门及人员依法落实强制报告义务。积极推动强制报告工作纳入辖区网格化管理，加强对强制报告线索处置情况的跟踪监督，推行侵害未成年人案件“是否报告”每案必查制度，建立落实情况倒查机制，及时纠正当报不报问题，切实增强制度刚性。加强对强制报告线索处置情况的跟踪监督，依法监督纠正有案不立、有罪不究等问题。不履行强制报告义务的，根据未成年人保护法相关规定，督促相关部门对责任人员给予处分。制度施行以来，全国检察机关起诉侵害未成年人犯罪案件中线索源于强制报告的2854件，通过办案倒查发现相关责任主体未履行强制报告义务、应当报告不报告案件1604件，追责299件。
二是认真落实入职查询制度。联合相关部门积极推动建立覆盖性侵、虐待、拐卖、暴力伤害等违法犯罪记录的信息库，将查询范围扩大到所有密切接触未成年人行业的从业人员。最高检、教育部、公安部联合建立了教职员工违法犯罪信息查询平台，全国检察机关牵头或配合教育等密切接触未成年人行业开展入职查询749万人次，推动对查询出的2900余名有前科劣迹人员作出开除、解聘等处理。
三是大力推进未成年人检察社会支持体系建设。最高检联合共青团中央在80个地区开展未成年人检察工作社会支持体系示范建设，推动完善路径方法，健全制度机制，形成一批可复制的经验。会同民政部、共青团中央制定全国第一个《未成年人司法社会工作服务规范》国家标准，加强未成年人司法社工规范化建设，进一步推动将司法社工纳入未成年人检察工作司法服务体系，参与对未成年人的心理干预、法律援助、司法救助、社会调查、社会观护、教育矫治、社区矫正、法治宣传等工作。
四是督促对旅馆、宾馆、酒店、营业性娱乐场所、网吧等场所的整改。针对性侵未成年人案件多发于宾馆、酒店、营业性娱乐场所的现状，各地检察机关通过专项检查、联合清查、情况通报、检察建议等措施，推动职能部门加强对违法接待、容留未成年人问题的治理。自2021年5月“检爱同行 共护未来”未成年人保护法律监督行动实施以来，全国检察机关共参与排查旅馆、宾馆、酒店等场所66283家，发现存在问题的11238家，占排查总数的17%，经检察机关督促，完成整改10124家，停业整顿555家，吊销经营许可559家；排查营业性娱乐场所、酒吧、网吧等场所18691家，发现存在问题的3688家，占排查总数的19.7%，经检察机关督促，完成整改3175家，停业整顿448家，吊销经营许可65家。
(四)推动净化未成年人网络环境
一是依法严厉惩治侵害未成年人权益的网络犯罪，保护救助未成年被害人。针对侵害未成年人网络犯罪手段复杂多样，作案方式不断翻新，更加带有隐蔽性等特点，加大打击震慑力度，坚决予以遏制，保障未成年人上网用网安全。对受到网络犯罪侵害的未成年人进行综合救助保护，同步提供心理抚慰、心理疏导、损失追回、经济救助、就学帮扶等支持，助力未成年人回归正常的学习生活。
二是最大限度教育挽救涉网络犯罪的未成年人，宽容不纵容。受网络使用的低龄化和不良信息等因素影响，一些网络诈骗、侵犯公民信息等犯罪案件中也有未成年人参与。2021年，检察机关起诉未成年人利用电信网络实施犯罪3555人，同比上升21.2%。对于主观恶性不大、罪行较轻、属于初犯、偶犯的未成年人，在依法从轻处理的同时，开展针对性的帮教，帮助他们尽快重新回归社会。注重选取典型案例以案释法，警示教育未成年人远离网络违法犯罪。
三是积极推动网络领域未成年人公益保护。针对未成年人沉迷网络、受到不良信息侵蚀甚至遭受侵害等涉及未成年人公共利益的普遍性问题，以办理的典型个案作为突破口，通过公益诉讼、检察建议、情况通报等多种形式推动网络平台、社会、政府等多方协同、齐抓共管，促进相关问题解决。上海市松江区人民检察院办理的支持起诉确认未成年人网络高额打赏行为无效案，在帮助全额追回网络充值款的同时，督促涉案企业制定完善用户实名认证、从业人员准入标准和行为规范、未成年人消费保护措施等技术标准。
(五)促推形成协同保护合力
最高检积极履行国务院未成年人保护工作领导小组成员单位职责，推动进一步完善部门协作机制，切实形成未成年人保护合力。在国务院未成年人保护工作领导小组第一次会议上，最高检立足未成年人保护法律监督职责，就促进未成年人保护体系更加健全完善进行介绍和交流。在国务院新闻办公室举行的新闻发布会上，介绍检察机关开展未成年人保护工作相关情况，回答记者提问。最高检就未成年人文身问题专题调研，向国务院未成年人保护工作领导小组报送专题报告，争取重视支持，推动未成年人文身治理。
各地检察机关认真贯彻落实《国务院未成年人保护工作领导小组关于加强未成年人保护工作的意见》(国未保组〔2021〕1号)。山东省高密市人民检察院将未检工作嵌入全市各村新时代文明实践站，聘请村妇联主席、村儿童主任、志愿者担任“未检员”，负责本村未成年人信息登记、家庭走访、监护指导、教育帮教、强制报告等工作，定期召开由各相关部门及“未检员”代表参加的联席会，分析“未检工作站”运行状况，共同推动未成年人保护工作落地生根。福建检察机关创设春蕾安全员机制，以检察机关为主导、以基层妇联力量为主体建立覆盖全部基层组织的春蕾安全员队伍，对困境儿童进行摸排登记，开展建档管理、动态观护、实时介入、转介救助等工作，搭建特殊未成年人群体“家门口的守护岗”。江苏检察机关加强与民政部门协作，通过选聘儿童主任担任未成年人权益保护观察员、组织儿童主任开展业务培训等方式，将保障未成年人合法权益落到实处。河南省禹州市人民检察院依托乡村振兴和联乡帮村工作机制，在重点乡镇、村庄(社区)设立“检爱儿童”保护站(联系点)，联动乡镇政府、民政、基层法庭、公安派出所等，通过典型案例开展以案促改、家庭教育指导、督促监护责任落实等工作，帮助“问题家庭”重塑家庭环境和良好亲子关系。
五、注重犯罪预防，提升法治宣传教育效果
2021年，检察机关深入贯彻习近平法治思想，全面落实“谁执法谁普法”的普法责任制，扎实推进检察官担任中小学校法治副校长工作，推动全国3.9万余名检察官在7.7万余所中小学校担任法治副校长。检察官法治副校长能动履职，面向中小学生广泛开展法治教育和自护教育，协助学校建立健全安全管理制度，在促进校园安全、保障未成年人健康成长方面发挥了积极作用。
(一)检察长示范带动，推动法治副校长工作走深走实
各级人民检察院领导班子成员，尤其是检察长以身作则，主动担任法治副校长，走进校园为中小学生讲授法治课。四级检察机关共有15606名院领导担任中小学法治副校长，其中检察长3205名。2021年9月1日，最高检检察长张军第四次走进北京二中，围绕学习贯彻新修订的未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法讲授法治课。2021年9月开学季，全国有23名省级院检察长和1311名市、县级院检察长走进校园，为同学们讲授法治课，特别是注重结合具体案例开展法治宣传教育，促进未成年人更加笃信笃行法治，推动检察官担任法治副校长工作不断深化。
(二)加强机制共建，凝聚法治宣传教育合力
各级检察机关主动作为，争取党委政府支持，联动各方力量，打造法治宣传教育矩阵，凝聚法治宣传教育合力。一是持续打造《守护明天》未成年人法治教育品牌节目。最高检与中央广播电视总台联合制作大型未成年人法治节目《守护明天》第五季。《守护明天》围绕未成年人司法保护话题，邀请检察官主讲案例，并邀请专家、相关部委代表展开讨论，在社会上引起良好反响，收视率持续攀升。二是主动争取支持，统筹普法资源。安徽省人民检察院与省高级人民法院、教育厅、公安厅等会签文件，均衡派设法治副校长，解决多头普法、扎堆普法、普法资源旱涝不均等问题。河南许昌检察机关推动市委成立未成年人法治教育领导小组，办公室设在市人民检察院。三是主动联动各方，加强法治副校长工作力量。广西壮族自治区人民检察院联合教育厅、妇联等单位开展“加强未成年人法治教育 助力乡村振兴”专项活动。重庆市检察机关积极与公安、法院、教委、共青团、妇联等单位沟通联系，并邀请人大代表、政协委员全程参与普法活动，形成普法合力。四是主动搭建平台，争取社会支持。最高检联合教育部、民政部、共青团中央、全国妇联、中国关工委等部门共同策划制作国内首部未成年人检察社会支持体系建设微电影《我的青春，你来过》。江西省检察机关借助教育行政部门“班班通”等新媒体平台，充分调动校园联络员、社会志愿者等力量，推动实现法治教育教学点全覆盖。黑龙江省大庆市人民检察院“童心圆”未检工作团队建立家庭教育指导师库，动员组织老干部、老战士、心理咨询师等组成志愿团队共同开展法治巡讲。
(三)聚焦专业发力，促进法治宣传教育提质增效
一是突出宣讲重点。实时更新法治宣讲内容，以贯彻落实民法典、未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法、“一号检察建议”、强制报告制度、入职查询制度等为重点开展宣讲。贵州遵义检察机关在开展法治进校园活动后，一名女生向老师举报其叔叔多次对其实施性侵，老师立即履行强制报告职责报警，目前该案已提起公诉。二是丰富宣讲形式。吉林省人民检察院联合省教育厅通过“思政课堂+法治教育”模式，把法治教育融入思政课堂。内蒙古自治区通辽市人民检察院联合学校组织公益示范林实地观摩活动，将普法课堂延伸到户外。辽宁、山东、四川、新疆等地检察机关依托法治教育实践基地，增强法治活动实践性，带领学生开启“沉浸式”法治体验，助力提升学生法治素养。三是建设“标准化”“菜单式”课程库。江西、云南等地组织开展全省优秀课件评比，形成全省(市)未成年人法治教育“标准化”课程库。江苏扬州检察机关分类研发“学生预防版”“教师警示版”“家庭教育版”课程库。西藏自治区拉萨市人民检察院“卓‧吉”未检宣讲团推出系列双语“法治精品课”。
(四)适应常态化疫情防控形势，形成法治宣传教育新格局
各级检察机关积极适应疫情防控常态化要求，拓展法治宣传教育阵地，确保防控期中小学校“停课不停学”，推动形成线上线下一体的法治宣传教育新格局。一是加强网课建设。内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市人民检察院开设“守护娜荷芽远程法治课堂”，与教体局专网互连互通，一次讲座可全覆盖6万余名学生。重庆市人民检察院联合市教委开设战疫云课堂，先后在2800余所学校播放，覆盖学生300多万人次。二是开展直播互动。2021年“国家宪法日”前夕，最高检第九检察厅负责人通过直播平台，为北京市100余名中小学思政教师讲授法治课。新疆维吾尔自治区奎屯市人民检察院“小马未检”抖音直播间开展直播7场次，受众师生5万余人次，互动参与6000余人次。三是研发线上平台。天津市人民检察院组织研发“未检护苗”平台，并推动与教育系统互联互通，实现检察机关法治副校长普法宣传教育对全市学校全覆盖，打造“全时空”青少年法律服务产品。江西省萍乡市安源区人民检察院开发“晨曦云平台”，设置典型案例、微课堂等板块，实现“指尖上的法治宣讲”。
六、坚持质效并重，促进专业化规范化建设
2021年，各级检察机关以提升工作质效为核心，着力提升未成年人检察专业化、规范化水平，为推动未成年人检察工作高质量发展奠定坚实基础。
(一)努力提高未成年人检察专业化水平
未成年人检察工作具有特殊性，在职责任务、内在规律、司法理念、评价标准等方面都与成人司法有显著的区别，是独立的检察业务类别。实现未成年人检察专业化，是做好未成年人检察工作的前提和基础。
一是进一步健全未检专门办案组织，为未成年人检察工作高质量发展提供专业组织保证。认真贯彻落实新修订的未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法有关专门机构或者专门人员配备的要求，积极推动落实《关于进一步规范检察办案机构设置的通知》要求，255个市级检察院和536个县级检察院设立独立未检机构，较2020年分别增加20个、164个，另有1385个市、县级检察院设立未检办案组，增加602个。二是进一步加强未成年人检察队伍素质能力建设，为未成年人检察工作高质量发展提供专业人员保证。积极开展多种形式的岗位练兵，举办2期未成年人检察案事例培训班、5期未检业务统一集中办理网络培训，推动以司法保护能力为核心的未成年人检察能力建设。开展未检条线优秀办案团队和优秀办案检察官评选活动，3个团队和5名个人获评优秀办案团队和优秀办案检察官。三是加强未成年人检察理论研究。国家社科基金重点课题“未成年人司法法”顺利结项，《中国未成年人司法制度研究》出版。举办未成年人公益诉讼检察研讨会、未成年人文身治理研讨会，围绕未成年人文身治理、消费保护、“控辍保学”等领域公益诉讼检察热点难点问题开展研讨交流，促进未成年人检察理论研究与司法实践融合发展。编发连续出版物《未成年人检察》4期。
(二)持续加强未成年人检察规范化建设
一是进一步强化未成年人检察业务指导。深化“捕、诉、监、防、教”一体化工作机制，以工作质量、帮教效果为核心，完善未成年人检察工作独立评价与指标体系。最高检建立未检业务专业指导和分片对口联系相结合的工作机制，提高对下指导质效。每季度召开一次未检条线重点工作推进会，通报未检重点工作开展情况，分析研判、共同解决存在的问题。二是研究编发未成年人检察案例。按照“一个案例胜过一打文件”的思路，聚焦未成年人司法保护的难点、热点问题，加大指导性案例、典型案例研究编发力度。针对附条件不起诉、家庭教育指导、督促监护令等重点问题，发布1批指导性案例和4批典型案例，建立未成年人检察案例库，开展案例评析活动，坚持问题导向，强化业务指导。三是推进智慧未检建设。加强统一业务应用系统2.0未检条线部署应用工作，基本实现未检业务统一集中办理工作线上办理、流转、查询等功能。上线运行未检侦查监督平台，助力提升法律监督效果。探索搭建涉未数字化监督模型，推广智慧未检成熟经验做法，推进未成年人帮教维权平台建设，促进从个案办理到类案监督转变。
结 语
2021年，全国检察机关坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平法治思想，认真落实《中共中央关于加强新时代检察机关法律监督工作的意见》，以学习贯彻新修订的未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法为契机，以加快推进未成年人检察业务统一集中办理为抓手，着力夯实基层组织专业保障、突出基础工作特殊要求、狠抓基本能力综合提升，以高度的政治自觉、法治自觉、检察自觉依法能动履职，推动未成年人检察工作取得新的进展。
党的十九届六中全会发出了向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的政治动员令。习近平总书记多次强调，当代中国少年儿童是实现第二个百年奋斗目标、建设社会主义现代化强国的生力军。当前，为未成年人健康成长营造良好环境的社会氛围正在形成，但未成年人保护总体形势还不容乐观，涉及未成年人的刑事案件持续高发，侵害未成年人民事、行政等合法权益问题多发，“两法”施行的新要求与未成年人保护有法不依、执法不严等老问题并存，涉未成年人“小案件”常常引起网络上的“大围观”，未成年人保护社会治理存在不少短板。与此同时，未成年人检察工作也存在一些不容忽视的问题，特别是运用“最有利于未成年人”理念指导未成年人检察实践不够，统筹运用“四大检察”职能推进综合司法保护还有不小差距，融入其他“五大保护”的自觉性、实效性不足，未成年人检察队伍能力素质跟不上职能深化和拓展，等等，一定程度上影响了未成年人保护工作效果。
2022年，检察机关将坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平法治思想，认真学习贯彻习近平总书记在庆祝中国共产主义青年团成立100周年大会上的重要讲话精神，持续落实未成年人保护“两法”，以最高检向全国人大常委会报告未成年人检察工作为契机，以监督落实“一号检察建议”为牵引，以“质量建设年”为抓手，以强化未成年人综合司法保护为重点，创新进取，能动履职，全面提升未成年人检察工作质效，促推家庭保护、学校保护、社会保护、网络保护、政府保护落实落地，服务保障未成年人安全健康成长，以实际行动迎接党的二十大胜利召开。
附件：
全国未成年人检察工作大事记
(2021)
1.2021年2月3日，最高检发布《关于学习贯彻新修订的<中华人民共和国未成年人保护法><中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法>的通知》，就全国检察机关学习贯彻落实“两法”作出专门部署，提出具体要求。
2.2021年2月5日，最高检第九检察厅、民政部社会工作司、共青团中央维护青少年权益部联合召开《未成年人司法社会工作服务规范》国家标准试行工作全国总结会，共同推动未成年人司法社会工作服务体系建设。
3.2021年2月26日，最高检发布以涉罪未成年人附条件不起诉为主题的第二十七批指导性案例，为附条件不起诉制度依法规范适用提供参照和指引。
4.2021年3月2日，最高检第九检察厅与“女童保护”团队签署合作备忘录，在惩防儿童性侵、被害人救助、心理疏导、合适成年人到场、普法教育等方面探索开展合作。
5.2021年3月11日，浙江省杭州市余杭区人民检察院诉北京某公司侵犯儿童个人信息民事公益诉讼案，经杭州互联网法院出具调解书后结案。检察机关提出的停止侵权、赔礼道歉、消除影响、赔偿损失等诉求被全部采纳，涉案公司开展整改。该案被评为2021年度十大法律监督案例。
6.2021年3月26日，最高检第九检察厅在江苏沭阳召开未成年人公益诉讼检察研讨会，针对未成年人文身治理、消费保护、“控辍保学”等领域公益诉讼检察业务开展交流研讨，上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、重庆等地检察机关交流发言。
7.2021年3月31日，最高检第九检察厅在浙江绍兴召开未成年人文身治理研讨会，深入研究未成年人文身治理现状，共商未成年人文身监管完善等问题。
8.2021年4月6日，教育部、最高检等七部门发布《关于加强教育系统数据安全工作的通知》，保障教育行政部门和学校利用信息化手段保护教育、管理、服务等环节产生数据的安全，规范数据收集、使用管理、开放共享等活动。
9.2021年4月25日，最高检印发《全国检察机关“检爱同行 共护未来”未成年人保护法律监督专项行动实施方案》，认真贯彻落实新修订的未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法，推动解决未成年人保护的普遍性、系统性、源头性问题。
10.2021年4月25日，浙江湖州检察机关积极实践“个案办理-类案监督-系统治理”的数字检察工作路径，对部分青少年滥用成瘾性非处方药(氢溴酸右美沙芬)以案促治，向药监部门发出检察建议，促推全省专项治理，积极推动在全国范围内将氢溴酸右美沙芬调整为处方药，积极保障公众用药安全。
11.2021年4月28日，最高检第九检察厅印发《关于统一制发未成年人涉罪记录封存印章的通知》，制作未成年人涉罪记录封存印章样式，规范未成年人犯罪记录封存工作。
12.2021年5月26日，最高检第九检察厅下发《关于在办理涉未成年人案件中开展“督促监护令”工作的意见》，决定从2021年6月1日起，在办理涉未成年人案件中依法开展“督促监护令”工作，推进筑牢未成年人家庭保护防线。
13.2021年5月27日，四川省人民检察院在省检察院机关建成“四川省青少年法治宣传教育基地”，面向全社会开放，最高检常务副检察长童建明出席基地揭牌仪式。
14.2021年5月28日，最高检在四川成都召开“全国检察机关贯彻落实‘两法’座谈会”，研究贯彻落实新修订未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法的举措，交流经验，提出具体工作要求。
15.2021年5月31日，最高检召开《落实“两法” 护航青春》新闻发布会，通报检察机关会同相关部门共同做好未成年人保护工作情况及贯彻落实“两法”有关工作安排，发布“检察机关与各方力量携手 构建未成年人保护大格局”十个典型案事例。
16.2021年6月1日，新修订的《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》正式施行。
17.2021年6月1日，最高检发布《未成年人检察工作白皮书(2020)》，总结2020年未成年人检察工作，更加自觉承担未成年人保护的检察责任。
18.2021年6月15日，最高检联合全国妇联、中国关工委制发《关于在办理涉未成年人案件中全面开展家庭教育指导工作的意见》。同年10月25日，最高检联合全国妇联、中国关工委印发《在办理涉未成年人案件中全面开展家庭教育指导工作典型案例》。
19.2021年6月18日，第十届全国人大常委会副委员长、中国关工委主任顾秀莲一行到北京市海淀区人民检察院调研座谈。最高检常务副检察长童建明出席座谈会并汇报全国未成年人检察工作相关情况。
20.2021年7月7日，最高检第九检察厅下发《关于在专业分工指导的基础上强化分片联系指导工作的提示》，探索建立未检业务专业指导与分片对口联系相结合的工作机制。
21.2021年7月15日，最高检第九检察厅举办附条件不起诉指导性案例网络培训暨推进未成年人检察重点工作视频会议，进一步规范和促进附条件不起诉工作，部署推进未成年人检察相关重点工作。
22.2021年7月23日、9月30日、11月29日，最高检第九检察厅举办全国检察机关未成年人检察业务统一集中办理网络培训，加强有针对性业务指导。
23.2021年8月2日，最高检下发《关于2021年上半年全国检察机关未成年人检察业务统一集中办理工作情况的通报》，通报工作进展，提出工作要求。
24.2021年8月24日，全国政协副主席、民盟中央常务副主席陈晓光一行到北京市石景山区未成年人互动体验式法治教育中心调研，最高检常务副检察长童建明陪同调研。
25.2021年9月1日，最高检检察长张军以《“六大保护”呵护“少年的你”》为题，第四次到北京市第二中学讲授法治课，北京市各区共20余所学校通过教育系统直播平台学习收看。
26.2021年9月1日，最高检常务副检察长童建明以《提升法治素养 护航奋斗青春》为题，到首都师范大学附属中学讲授法治课，3000余名师生代表现场学习收听。
27.2021年9月，北京市检察机关开展爱国主义教育基地违规收费公益诉讼专项监督行动，协同相关部门推动故宫、八达岭等40余家单位对未成年人免费开放。
28.2021年9月6日，中共中央政治局委员、重庆市委书记陈敏尔到重庆市大渡口区人民检察院调研基层治理创新工作，对“莎姐”等工作给予充分肯定。
29.2021年9月10日，上海市检察机关针对涉点播影院性侵害未成年人案件情况暴露出的问题，向市级行政主管部门制发检察建议，推动在全市层面完善相关监管制度。
30.2021年10月8日，最高检第九检察厅编发《未成年人综合保护典型案例》，指导各地统筹各项未检职能、强化未成年人综合保护工作。
31.2021年10月16日，由全国人大代表宋亚平策划出品、陕西省人民检察院协助策划的普法舞台剧《五月向阳六月花》在陕西咸阳举办首演仪式，受到广泛欢迎。
32.2021年10月19日，最高检第九检察厅发布《关于未成年人综合保护案例评析情况的通报》，指导推动未成年人综合保护工作深入开展。
33.2021年10月25日，最高检联合共青团中央发布《关于开展全国未成年人检察工作社会支持体系示范建设的通知》，在全国80个地区部署开展未成年人检察工作社会支持体系示范建设工作。
34.2021年10月28日，最高检第九检察厅召开全国未成年人检察工作视频调度会，山东、江苏检察机关就落实侵害未成年人案件强制报告制度、附条件不起诉工作进行经验交流。
35.2021年10月29日，最高检针对办案中发现的未成年人文身现象突出问题，向国务院未成年人保护工作领导小组报送专项报告，促推完善未成年人文身治理相关监管机制。
36.2021年11月1日，海南省检察机关积极推动将未成年人文身治理相关规定写入新修订的《海南省未成年人保护和预防犯罪规定》。
37. On November 18, 2021, the Shanghai procuratorate held a symposium on the 35th anniversary of the founding of juvenile procuratorial work in Shanghai. Zhang Jun gave instructions respectively, and Tong Jianming, Executive Deputy Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, delivered a video speech.
38. On November 19, 2021, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Central Radio and Television Station held a ceremony for the fifth anniversary and fifth season of the large-scale legal program "Guarding Tomorrow" for minors.
Zhang Jun, Chief Procurator and Procurator, Shen Haixiong, Vice Minister of the Central Propaganda Department and Director of China Central Radio and Television Station attended and delivered speeches.
From November 20th to 29th, the fifth season of "Guarding Tomorrow" was broadcast on the Social and Legal Channel, and the ratings reached a new high.
39. On December 7, 2021, the Ninth Procuratorate of the Supreme People's Procuratorate held a seminar on "How to work together to escort the healthy growth of minors in the field of food packaging" to promote the management of food packaging for minors and better escort the healthy growth of minors.
40. On December 24, 2021, the 58th biweekly consultation symposium of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference focused on "promoting judicial protection of the rights and interests of minors". Zhang Jun attended the meeting to introduce the relevant work.