As a type of vocational education, technical education is an important position for cultivating skilled talents.
Banyuetan reporter visited Shaanxi technical colleges and learned that, benefiting from favorable factors such as policy promotion, industrial demand, market traction, and competition to promote learning, technical education has ushered in a new round of development boom.
However, at the same time, technical colleges and universities in charge of human resources and social security departments still face some hidden thresholds in education and training.
Policy dividend + market blue ocean, promoting skills education
At the Shaanxi Construction Technician College World Skills Competition Plumbing and Heating Professional Training Base, young faces are busy.
Dong Menghao, 18 years old this year, vigorously swung the winch to wire the metal pipes.
He wiped the sweat on his forehead and said, "I went to a technical school from Heze, Shandong to Shaanxi. After being selected by the school, I am actively preparing for the WorldSkills Competition."
The 46th WorldSkills Competition is scheduled to be held in Shanghai in mid-October this year.
In many technical colleges in Shaanxi, skill competitions at all levels promote teaching and learning through competitions. A large number of young people, like Dong Menghao, who are 17 or 18 years old, are gathering training soldiers to show their skills in the world competition.
"If it is the top ten in the finals of the World Championship, it will soon be snatched away by the high salary of the company." said Li Yaping, principal of Shaanxi Auto Technical School.
Feng Xiaoping, Dean of Xi'an Technician College, said that in recent years, the state has launched vocational skills improvement actions, high-skilled talent revitalization plans, etc., and Shaanxi Province has successively selected "Sanqin Craftsmen" and "Chief Technicians", and the social atmosphere of respecting skilled talents has been significantly improved.
At the same time, the strategy of manufacturing a strong country and the upgrading of industrial intelligence have brought a large blue ocean to the education of skilled workers, allowing craftsmen to change their destiny.
Hu Min was born in Beifan Village, Gaoling District, Xi'an City in 2002. He lost his parents when he was young and was raised by his uncle. At the age of 15, he entered Shaanxi Auto Technician School through poverty alleviation.
At the age of 17, Hu Min participated in the National Steel Structure Welding Vocational Skills Competition Stamping Worker Skills Competition and won the "Women Elite Award"; at the age of 19, he was awarded the "May 1st Labor Medal" of Shaanxi Province and was selected as a "National Technical Expert".
"Mastering a skill has given me confidence." Hu Min said.
Skilled talents like Hu Min are becoming a scarce resource in the market.
At present, it has become the norm for technical colleges and enterprises to jointly run schools and carry out order-based training.
Xu Xiaoying, deputy dean of Xi'an Technician College, said: "In the past two years, it is obvious that companies have actively sought schools for training and targeted dignitaries. This year, 5 companies have reached cooperation intentions with us for order classes. The college's employment rate reached 98% last year. %, with a professional counterpart rate of 92%.”
The development environment has weaknesses, and technical colleges are embarrassed
Skilled talents are facing a serious shortage of supply, but there are still some hidden thresholds in education and training.
Many technical colleges reported that the technical colleges under the supervision of the Human Resources and Social Security Department, while the living environment has improved significantly in recent years, are still facing some difficult situations.
——There is a lack of channels for recruiting students, and there is no choice but to "go to the village to join the household" to fight guerrillas.
In recent years, Shaanxi technical colleges have hardly recruited high school students, and the enrollment of junior high school students has not been included in the enrollment platform and enrollment plan led by the education system.
Zuo Yonghuan, dean of Shaanxi Railway Technician College, said: "We have no formal channels for recruiting students, and we often fail to get into junior high school campuses. We can only resort to various local methods. Sometimes we go directly to the countryside to 'fight guerrillas', and sometimes we rely on village cadres to recruit students. ."
——The funds are difficult to operate, and the tuition fees of public technical schools have not been adjusted for 20 years.
Many technical colleges in Shaanxi were born in large state-owned enterprises and are public in nature, but most of the faculty members are not professional establishments, and there is no financial allocation for their salaries.
In recent years, tuition fees for students have been exempted from financial subsidies. The current standard is 2,800 yuan per academic year for intermediate workers and 3,600 yuan per academic year for senior workers. This standard has been implemented for 20 years.
Li Yaping said that the current cost of running a school per student is about 17,600 yuan, and every time a student is trained, there will be a "loss" of more than 10,000 yuan.
——The academic qualifications need "circumstantial evidence", "the snake is added to the foot".
On the graduation certificate of the senior engineering class student of Xi'an Railway Technician College, there is a sentence: "According to the regulations of the document issued by Shaanban Fa [2007] No. 13, the graduate's degree is treated the same as that of a college degree."
"Graduation certificates are helpless and superfluous, and often face repeated verification by the admissions unit." Dean Zuo Yonghuan said.
In order to solve the difficulty in the certification of graduates' academic qualifications, Xi'an Railway Technician College has assumed the cost of 3,000 yuan per student in recent years, and cooperated with relevant universities to set up adult college entrance examination correspondence points to organize students to participate in adult education examinations.
In this way, students can obtain an adult college diploma at the same time when they graduate, and they will have the academic certificate that can be found on the Xuexin website.
Looking forward to optimizing policies and cultivating talents without sticking to one pattern
The embarrassment faced by technical education, in addition to the need to improve social cognition, there are also some subjective and objective reasons, including the existence of some "dead ends" in the policy, and the existence of some technical schools.
To this end, the heads of grass-roots human resources and social departments and a number of technical colleges have put forward some suggestions.
——Coordinated development of vocational schools and technical schools.
At present, the management of vocational education is under the overall planning, comprehensive coordination and macro management of the education department, and the business of technical colleges is mainly managed by the human resources and social department.
The person in charge of Shaanxi Technical School called for speeding up the implementation of national regulations, incorporating technical colleges into the unified enrollment platform of the education system, accompanied by an enrollment code; incorporating the academic qualifications of technical colleges into the Xuexin network, so that the graduation certificates of technical school students can be "documented".
At the same time, it is hoped that technical colleges and universities can enjoy the same per-student subsidy.
- Implement the "new eight-level worker" system.
According to the recently issued "Opinions on Improving and Perfecting the Vocational Skills Grading System for Skilled Talents in the New Era (Trial)", skilled talents will be composed of apprentices, junior workers, intermediate workers, senior workers, technicians and senior technicians, super technicians, chief technicians The "new eight-level worker" system constituted, breaking the "ceiling" brought by the original "fifth-level worker" to skilled talents.
At the same time, the Vocational Education Law also puts forward many policies that are beneficial to the education of skilled workers, and it is recommended to promote the implementation of the policies as soon as possible.
- Strengthen on-the-job vocational training.
The person in charge of the interviewed technical school proposed that technical colleges have perfect teaching systems and equipment, and should explore and strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, school-county cooperation, and school-school cooperation, carry out on-the-job vocational training, and transform equipment manufacturing, high-tech, and modern service industries. Employment of college students and migrant workers can help.
Ban Yue Tan Reporter: Chen Gang, Li Yanan, Liu Xiao