Land greening to dress up beautiful China (green home)
Editor's note: General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out when participating in the voluntary tree planting activity in the capital on March 30: "We must unswervingly implement the new development concept, unswervingly follow the path of ecological priority and green development, and coordinate the promotion of the integration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand. We will protect and systematically manage the environment, carry out land greening scientifically, improve the total amount and quality of forest and grass resources, consolidate and enhance the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem, and make greater contributions to promoting global environmental and climate governance and building a modernization in which humans and nature coexist in harmony. "
The prosperity of forest and grass is the prosperity of ecology.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has further promoted large-scale land greening activities, and afforestation of 960 million mu has been completed, and the national forest coverage rate has increased by 2.68 percentage points to 23.04%.
The area of artificial forests in my country ranks first in the world, and the overall forest resources show a trend of continuous increase in quantity, quality and function, laying a solid foundation for maintaining ecological security, improving people's livelihood and well-being, and promoting green development.
The forest chief guards every forest
Add green to mountains and rivers and increase farmers' income
"Old Tang, come and have a look! Three trees in the Wanbi villager group have been destroyed!" At 5:30 p.m., Tang Qiming was checking the pruning situation in the Camellia oleifera forest. The phone call from the village forest ranger Li Chenghua made him nervous. Get on the three-wheeled motorcycle and head for the mountains.
Tang Qiming is Secretary of the Party Branch and Director of the Village Committee of Zhongba Village, Shouche Town, Yongshun County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province.
In September last year, Xiangxi Prefecture established a four-level forest chief system of prefecture, county, township and village, and Lao Tang gained an identity as a village-level forest chief, shouldering the task of protecting forests and greenery.
The road in Zhongba Village surrounded by mountains is narrow and dense with dense forests. When Tang Qiming arrived at the lush cedar forest in the back mountain of the Wanbi Group, the sky was already dark.
I saw three fir trees with "thick legs" and about 10 meters in length lying down in the grass. When I touched the cross-section of the stump with my hand, it was still moist.
He judged that the trees were sawed off that day.
Tang Qiming immediately contacted grassroots law enforcement officers Huang Chang and Xiang Chengchuang, and asked them to come to the scene to investigate.
After the two law enforcement officers arrived at the scene, they sealed up the illegally felled trees on the spot, learned from the villagers about the situation, and quickly locked down the loggers.
Law enforcement officers criticized and educated the loggers face-to-face, and asked them to regreen and replant.
A few days later, under the supervision of Tang Qiming, loggers planted five cedar saplings in this mountain forest.
"Compared with the past 'no control', after the village cadres have the title of 'village forest chief', the working mechanism of participating in forest protection is smoother. Whenever the forest ranger finds the behavior of destroying trees, he will report it to the village cadres as soon as possible. ." Tang Qiming told reporters.
In Zhongba Village, in addition to Tang Qiming, there are 5 village cadres who serve as village-level deputy forest chiefs.
Village-level forest chiefs and deputy forest chiefs patrol the mountains at least once a week, and supervise and assess the daily work of forest rangers to prevent forest fires and other events that endanger forest resources.
As of February this year, Xiangxi Prefecture had a total of 4,931 fourth-level forest chiefs (including chief inspectors), 1,288 grass-roots supervisors, 510 grass-roots law enforcement officers, and 9,049 forest rangers.
People live up to the green hills, and the green hills will certainly live up to people.
After the establishment of the forest chief system, the local area made a fuss about forest resources, accelerated the development of the forestry industry, and made great efforts to develop the camellia oleifera industry, the under-forest economic industry and the forest tourism industry, so as to transform "lucid waters and lush mountains" into "gold and silver mountains".
"The Camellia oleifera forest can not only increase the greenness, but also increase the income of the villagers." Tang Qiming said.
Since 2017, Zhongba Village has successively planted more than 2,500 mu of Camellia oleifera forests on the deserted hills, of which about 2,000 mu are collectively owned by the village.
In the gaps between the camellia trees, under-forest cash crops such as peanuts and Chinese herbal medicines were interplanted.
"The camellia oil industry and the economic industry under the forest are thriving, bringing many employment opportunities to the villagers. By working in the camellia oil forest, some villagers can earn more than 10,000 yuan a year. Protecting the forest not only keeps the green hills, but also grows bigger. 'Golden Mountain', kills two birds with one stone." Tang Qiming said.
The forest chief system has promoted the greening of mountains and rivers and the increase of farmers' income.
Last year, Xiangxi Prefecture completed afforestation of 55,000 mu and closed mountains for 122,100 mu of forest. The total area of camellia oil base in the whole prefecture reached 1,245,600 mu, and the area of woody medicinal material base reached 154,500 mu.
The state's forest coverage rate increased to 70.24%, and the overall function and economic benefits of the ecosystem were significantly improved.
At present, 31 provinces have basically established the organizational system and institutional system of the forest chief system, and issued implementation documents.
All localities have clarified the authority of the responsible subjects, established an incentive and accountability mechanism, and promoted the performance of duties and responsibilities.
The State Forestry and Grassland Administration is formulating the supervision and assessment methods of the forest chief system, and will use the results as an important reference for the assessment, rewards and punishments of leading party and government cadres, so as to determine the responsibility, perform the responsibility, supervise the responsibility, and form a closed loop. , and further promote the improvement of the total amount and quality of forest and grass resources.
Greening follows the laws of nature
Equal emphasis on quantity and quality, sharing green space
Nanyuan Forest Wetland Park in Fengtai District, Beijing is the ecological "green lung" in the southern part of the capital.
"This year's May 1st, the first start-up area of Nanyuan Forest Wetland Park will be opened in a contiguous area of 1,404 acres, and nearby people can visit the park at their doorstep." said Li Haoliang, a staff member of the Wetland Office of Fengtai District Landscaping Bureau.
Li Haoliang told reporters that at present, the wetland park project has started the construction of 4 plots, with a total construction area of about 2,595 mu, which is an important part of the new round of afforestation and greening tasks of one million mu in Fengtai District.
The establishment of a forest park at the door of the house is exactly the benefit brought to the citizens by the million-mu afforestation and greening project.
In 2012, Beijing's first round of afforestation and greening projects for one million mu of plains was officially launched.
On the basis of the successful completion of the project, in March 2018, Beijing implemented a new round of action plan for afforestation and greening of one million mu, and proposed to increase the greening area by 1 million mu by 2022.
"One screen, three rings, five rivers, nine wedges", around this spatial layout, Beijing continues to promote afforestation projects. The new afforestation is connected to the original forest land, and the lush green forests add greenery to the capital.
From 2012 to 2021, the two rounds of afforestation and greening projects of one million mu have implemented a total of 2.02 million mu of afforestation and greening, planted about 100 million trees, and formed many near-natural forest ecological spaces in the plain area.
From "greening" and "beautiful" to "living", Beijing's concept of greening and afforestation has been continuously deepened, and the practice of imitating nature and striving for biodiversity has been widely implemented.
"Nanyuan Forest Wetland Park fully reflects the requirements of science, thrift and pragmatism in the planning and construction process." The relevant person in charge of the China Urban Planning and Design Institute introduced that the planning and construction of the Forest Wetland Park "combines the old and the new", retaining the original woodland trees , combined with "forest window" open space, flexible layout of road sites and stream bubbles.
At the same time, according to local conditions, ecological restoration was carried out on the muck mountain, creating a near-natural mountain scenic forest and a climbing viewing platform.
"When choosing tree species for greening, we follow the principles of native land, longevity, stress resistance, and food source, and take Chinese pine, white bark pine, and Chinese locust as the main tree species to scientifically create a multi-layered, different-age, and mixed near-natural forest." Li Haoliang express.
In 2019, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscaping issued a pilot work plan for promoting high-quality development of landscaping, and proposed 13 specific technical measures in terms of biodiversity enhancement.
It is unprecedented in the history of afforestation in Beijing to take the survival needs of small animals into consideration in afforestation projects.
Behind it is a major change in the concept of urban development.
"Now, we put more emphasis on biodiversity. Through scientific and reasonable plant configuration, small animals and people can share green space, and ultimately achieve harmonious development between people and nature." said Wang Jinzeng, director of the Ecological Protection and Restoration Division of Beijing Landscaping Bureau.
Under the guidance of this idea, the planners of Nanyuan Forest Wetland Park integrated historical records and common animals, and proposed 20 target species such as peregrine falcons and oriental horned owls that may inhabit the park, and constructed forests, shrubs, grasses, waters, There are 4 major categories and 11 sub-categories of forests and gardens to comprehensively enhance biodiversity.
"There will be more than 150 species of birds in the park in the future," said Li Haoliang.
According to the plan, after the completion of the new round of afforestation and greening projects of one million mu this year, the forest coverage rate in Beijing will exceed 45%, and the per capita park green space will reach 16.6 square meters.
"Beijing will coordinate afforestation and greening and urban organic renewal, promote afforestation in key areas of the plain, the construction of green space parks, and promote white space and green growth, strategic white space temporary greening, and take into account the expansion of green space and the strengthening of urban greening, and the overall improvement Urban ecological quality." Wang Jinzeng said.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, various regions and departments have actively promoted large-scale land greening actions, implemented key ecological projects in depth, and achieved remarkable results.
In May last year, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Scientific Greening", proposing to coordinate the management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand systems and take a scientific, ecological and frugal green development path.
"For a period of time in the future, especially the '14th Five-Year Plan' period, the entire greening work will shift from focusing on quantity in the past to emphasizing both quantity and quality, and scientifically promote large-scale land greening." said Liu Dongsheng, deputy director of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.
Ecological restoration of degraded grassland
Vegetation coverage increased and grasslands flourished
In April, in the Xilin Gol prairie, Inner Mongolia, golden grass crouches like waves.
As the weather warms, new life is sprouting in the moist soil after the snow has melted.
"The wind erosion pits in the past have been ecologically managed, and they are higher than the grass on ordinary grasslands." In Maodeng Ranch, located in the hinterland of Xilin Gol Prairie, herdsman Dong Lianbao was full of praise for the artificial grass ecological restoration project.
Maodeng Ranch is one of the pilots of the National Grassland Natural Park.
The historical Maoden Ranch is a land of abundant water and grass.
But since the 1990s, the grasslands have been seriously degraded due to factors such as predatory management.
In recent years, the non-herder households within the range of Maodeng Ranch have been cleared away, and pasture workers and herdsmen in areas with severe ecological degradation have relocated to the newly-built dairy cow village to engage in the dairy farming industry. protected area.
The 260,000 mu grassland in the ecological reserve has been included in the national grassland natural park pilot, accounting for more than 35% of the usable grassland area of Maodeng Ranch.
In 2019, a pilot project for ecological restoration of degraded grasslands organized by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration was implemented in Xilinhot City, with an investment of 37.108 million yuan, and 76,000 mu of degraded grasslands were rehabilitated in three years.
The 65,000 mu of seriously degraded grassland in Maodeng Ranch was included in the pilot scope and ecological restoration was implemented.
"The ecology of the grassland restored by artificial grass has improved significantly." Ren Zhijie, deputy director of Maodeng Ranch, told reporters that in the past three years, through comprehensive treatment such as supplementary seeding, fertilization, root cutting, and rotation cutting, the ecological status of the grassland has changed. The economic benefits have been significantly improved. "This is the first time we have carried out such systematic manual intervention on grasslands, and the results have been very good."
Ren Zhijie said that Maodeng Ranch uses local grass seeds for supplementary seeding in the project area. All fertilizers are made from cattle and sheep manures and other fermented minerals. With the addition of root cutting, round cutting, leveling and other measures, even In the wind-eroded areas, the average number of seedlings per square meter is about 430, and the height is generally more than 1 meter, which is better than that of the untreated grassland.
According to estimates by Xilinhot Forestry and Grassland Bureau, in the past three years, in the 65,000-mu ecological restoration project area of Maodeng Ranch, the average vegetation coverage has increased by 15%-20%, the average hay yield has increased by 20%-40%, and the pasture income has increased by nearly 30% .
In October last year, at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Department of Land and Space Ecological Restoration of the Ministry of Natural Resources released a collection of typical cases of ecological restoration in China, and selected 18 typical cases from across the country. Ecological Restoration Project" became the only selected grassland ecological restoration project.
After a spring rain, Dong Lianbao couldn't help calculating his income when looking at the pasture that his family had been included in the project area: "Three years ago, the contracted 1,769 mu of pasture was not enough for our livestock to be self-sufficient. Last year, my family earned 13% from grass farming alone. 10,000 yuan. As long as there is enough rain, this year’s harvest can be further improved.”
At present, the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands in Inner Mongolia has reached 45%, which is 5 percentage points higher than that of 10 years ago.
The relevant person in charge of the Inner Mongolia Forestry and Grassland Bureau said that on the basis of the existing 14 national grassland natural park pilot projects, it will further expand the new position of grassland ecological protection and restoration, speed up the restoration of degraded grassland vegetation and soil, and improve grassland biodiversity.
Grassland is an important terrestrial ecosystem in my country.
80% of the water volume of the Yellow River and 30% of the water volume of the Yangtze River come from grassland areas.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, my country implemented projects such as returning grazing land to grassland, accumulatively planting and improving 170 million mu of grass; implementing a new round of grassland ecological protection and reward policy, the grassland area of grazing prohibition has reached 1.2 billion mu, and the balance of grass and livestock has reached 1.2 billion mu. 2.6 billion mu.
In recent years, my country has carried out pilot construction of national grassland natural parks in 11 provinces including Inner Mongolia and Hebei.
Through continuous efforts, at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan", the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands nationwide reached 56.1%, and the trend of grassland degradation was initially curbed.
Our reporter Kou Jiangze Wang Yunna He Yong Wu Yong