The Moderates, the Sweden Democrats, the Christian Democrats and the Liberals were behind the proposal for a new census in Sweden.
The four parties had agreed on a common decision point in a so-called committee initiative.
M, SD and KD have in several previous motions requested a new census.
The arguments have been, among other things, that such would give the state better opportunities to fight crime and prevent the emergence of exclusion and parallel societies.
Sweden has "lost control of the situation in terms of who is in the country and who is registered," it says, for example, in an SD-initiated motion from last year.
Error printing after a long day
Other parliamentary parties have, however, opposed the proposal.
In a statement ahead of Wednesday's vote, the Social Democrats wrote that "there is a lack of clarity about what is to be implemented and for what purpose".
By all logic, the proposal would also have fallen if it were not for the fact that Ibrahim Baylan happened to press "yes" instead of "no".
The Social Democrats' press service confirms to SVT Nyheter that there was a misprint after a long vote.
There is no possibility of regretting an incorrect vote, but on the other hand, the individual member of the Riksdag can submit a so-called declaration of intent to the Riksdag Chamber of Deputies, in which they declare their actual intention, but this does not affect the decision.
One of these has been submitted by Baylan, states S 'press service.
As a starting point, the government must follow the Riksdag's announcements, but they are not absolutely mandatory, if the government makes a different assessment, it can abstain, according to the Riksdag.