The government is hot and the people are cold, how to stand up the backbone of vocational education

　　Member channel

　　◎Our reporter Zhang Gailun

　　"Vocational education with great potential, why is it not easy to say that I love you? The reason is that vocational education has been stigmatized for a long time and is considered to be the education of 'losers'." March 7, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Shanghai Hu Wei, executive deputy director of the China Vocational Education Association, remarked on the "member channel" that resonated a lot.

　　Hu Wei has long been concerned about vocational education.

He told the reporter of Science and Technology Daily that the most urgent task of standing up the backbone of vocational education is to break down the institutional obstacles and solve the dilemma that the government is hot and the people are cold.

　　Diversion is considered stratified

　　A word that is often mentioned is called "general job diversion".

A simple understanding is that after the middle school entrance examination, some students go to ordinary high schools, and some students go to secondary vocational schools.

　　"But the current general job diversion has become a 'stratification' in a sense." Hu Wei said that students were "stratified" or even "eliminated" to secondary vocational schools after the middle school entrance examination, causing parents to be full of "the general vocational diversion panic" ".

This has intensified the competition in the senior high school entrance examination, and also affected the implementation of the goal of "double reduction" in the compulsory education stage.

　　From a practical point of view, because "diversion" has become "stratified", good students go to ordinary high schools, and poor students go to vocational schools.

The teachers of the vocational school are not motivated, and the parents of the students of the vocational school feel that their faces are dull.

　　Statistics show that in 2017, secondary vocational education enrolled 5.8243 million students and 4.8487 million graduates in 2020, which means that nearly 1 million secondary vocational students did not graduate successfully.

There are also fewer and fewer students who are directly employed after graduating from secondary vocational schools. For many years, the proportion of graduates from secondary vocational schools nationwide has been about half, and even more than 80% in some regions.

　　Niu Sanping, deputy to the National People's Congress, member of the Central Committee of the Peasants and Workers' Party, and president of Shanxi Industrial and Commercial College, also said that although the country has made great efforts to achieve "roughly the same size" of general vocational education at the senior high school level, objectively speaking, the current situation of some secondary vocational schools is not optimistic.

"In my country, high school is not a good time to cultivate labor skills. Only laying a foundation and learning culture is more conducive to the sustainable development of children." Niu Sanping said.

　　He suggested that the focus of vocational education should be postponed from secondary vocational education to higher vocational education (including vocational undergraduate education), and students should be reclassified at the university education stage and receive vocational education at the higher vocational or undergraduate level.

"Policies for the high-quality development of modern vocational education should be based on Chinese culture and national conditions in order to cultivate a large number of high-quality workers." Niu Sanping emphasized.

　　Horizontal and vertical integration is required

　　"Diversion" has become "layered", and the way to solve the problem lies in "integration" and "connection".

　　The "integration" in the horizontal direction means that in all types of education at all levels, we should strengthen the connection of general vocational education in terms of mutual employment of teachers, mutual sharing of courses, and mutual recognition of credits.

Ordinary primary and secondary schools can combine labor education with vocational enlightenment, career guidance, entrepreneurship education, etc., and focus on cultivating students' labor concepts and skills.

Secondary vocational schools should strengthen the cultivation of subject knowledge and core literacy, lay a solid foundation for students' all-round development, and provide qualified students for higher vocational education.

　　Hu Wei also put forward the idea of ​​pilot comprehensive high school.

In the comprehensive high school, academic and skill courses are set up, and the credit system is implemented, and students can choose courses independently.

　　Vertical "pass" means to unblock the channels for further education in vocational education.

　　"It is necessary to establish a new college entrance examination system in line with the characteristics of vocational education types in a timely manner, highlight the ability and practical orientation, and pay more attention to process evaluation and value-added evaluation. Expand the choice of educated people." Hu Wei said, "I think ordinary colleges and universities, even famous schools like Tsinghua, can also select students through the vocational education college entrance examination for skills and technology majors."

　　In 2013, the Ministry of Education issued the "Guiding Opinions on Actively Promoting the Reform of Higher Vocational Education Exam Enrollment System". Shandong, Jiangsu and other places have carried out pilot projects for "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" and achieved good results.

Previously, Chen Ziji, director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, said that the next step is to make the "vocational education college entrance examination" the main channel for enrollment in higher vocational education, especially for vocational undergraduate schools; to promote the establishment of provincial-level overall planning, comprehensive evaluation, The "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" system of multiple admissions improves the situation of "thousands of troops crossing a single-plank bridge" in passing the ordinary college entrance examination, and basically forms an integrated training mode of "middle and high school".

　　Niu Sanping told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation are the basic school-running model of vocational education and the key to running vocational education well.

He especially suggested that specific support policies should be formulated to encourage social forces to set up higher vocational education and improve the modernization level and service capabilities of vocational education.

　　Specifically, Niu Sanping said that it is possible to promote the transformation of vocational education from government-based education to government-led management and social pluralistic education, and introduce flexible and effective preferential policies to guide all sectors of society, especially industry enterprises, to actively support vocational education.

Support the construction of a number of mixed-ownership and joint-stock education reform pilots, establish a school-enterprise cooperation governance structure and operating mechanism based on the property rights system and benefit-sharing mechanism, and promote vocational colleges and industry enterprises to form a community of shared future.

　　(Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, March 7th)