So many death sentences have not been handed down in one and the same trial before.
Another eleven people are sentenced to life in prison.
On July 26, 2008, 19 explosive devices were detonated in various public places in Ahmedabad in the space of about 70 minutes.
Among other things, they had been placed in two hospitals, buses and markets.
In addition to the 56 deaths, about 200 people were injured.
A hitherto unknown organization calling itself the Indian Mujahedin took responsibility and announced that it would be seen as revenge for violence between Hindus and Muslims in Gujarat in 2002, where the majority of more than 1,000 dead were Muslims.
One of the convicts has previously led a terrorist Islamist organization.
To be executed by hanging
On February 8 this year, a court found the total of 49 people guilty of involvement in the act.
28 other people were acquitted.
All but one of the acquitted have been detained as suspects for almost 13 years, reports the Times of India.
In the exceptionally lengthy legal process, which has been going on for almost a decade, more than 1,100 people were called to testify.
The 38 men who have been sentenced to death will be executed by hanging.
Ahmedabad has more than eight million inhabitants.
It is the largest city in the northwestern state of Gujarat, bordering Pakistan.