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A number of colleges and universities across the country released the 2021 graduate employment quality report
Where do graduates from prestigious schools find employment
During this period, many "double first-class" colleges and universities have successively released reports on the employment quality of 2021 graduates.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Education, the number of college graduates in 2022 will reach 10.76 million, an increase of 1.67 million over the previous year, and both the scale and increment will hit a record high.
Just after the Spring Festival, on February 6, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a document stating that promoting the employment of college graduates should be the top priority of this year's employment work.
The trend of graduates has attracted much attention from the society.
Recently, a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily reviewed the employment quality reports of graduates from many well-known colleges and universities in 2021 and found that: Affected by the epidemic, the number of graduates from these colleges and universities going abroad for further study has been impacted, and the number of domestically advanced students has steadily increased; in terms of employment choices , new employment forms such as flexible employment have emerged among graduates; in terms of geographical selection, non-first-tier cities and grass-roots employment have become new choices for graduates.
Fewer graduates go abroad for further study, flexible employment has become a new choice
Since 2020, under the influence of factors such as the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the proportion of colleges and universities studying abroad has generally declined.
Judging from the employment quality reports of Peking University and Tsinghua University in recent years, in 2019, the number of Peking University graduates who went abroad (outside) to study (seek) was 1,155, or 14.79%; people, dropped to 13.34%; in 2021, the number dropped to 793 people, the proportion dropped to 8.17%.
Among them, the number of undergraduates going abroad (boundary) dropped from 30.01% in 2019 to 18.90%.
The proportion of Tsinghua University graduates going abroad in 2019 was 15.3%, which will drop to 9.6% in 2020.
In 2021, the number will further drop to 517, which is 6.9% compared to the "half cut" two years ago.
Today, the proportion of many well-known colleges and universities going abroad for further study has dropped to 10% or even less than 10%.
For example, the overall postgraduate study rate of 2021 undergraduates of Beijing Institute of Technology is 64.31%, and the overseas (overseas) postgraduate study rate is 10.77%; Southeast University’s 2021 undergraduate students study at home accounted for 48.26%, and the overseas study rate was 10.53%; Shanghai Jiaotong University The proportion of 2021 graduates of this department is 25.32% domestically, and 8.91% goes abroad for further study; 523 graduates of Nankai University in 2021 chose to study abroad, accounting for only 7.16% of the total number of graduates; Northeastern University 2021 undergraduate Among the graduates, 4.8% went abroad to study abroad.
In addition, with the development of economy and society, various new forms of employment are emerging.
The report released by the International Labour Organization in 2016 - "Non-standard employment in the world: understanding the challenges and shaping the future" pointed out that in the past few decades, both developed and developing countries have experienced a transition from standard employment to non-standard employment. Shifting, non-standard employment is becoming common in countries around the world.
"Generally, non-standard employment refers to work outside the scope of the 'standard employment relationship' and is divided into four types, namely temporary employment, part-time employment, temporary agency work and other multi-party employment relationships, and covert employment. Relationship and dependence on self-employment. The growth of non-standard employment is the result of a combination of factors, reflecting the changes brought about by economic globalization in the world of work,” said Yue Changjun, a professor at the Institute of Educational Economics at Peking University.
In the reports of many colleges and universities this year, "flexible employment" has become a very present data.
It is reported that among the undergraduate graduates of Nanjing University in 2021, the number of flexible employment is 218, accounting for 7.01%; the number of flexible employment of the 2021 undergraduate graduates of Shanghai Jiaotong University headquarters is 241, accounting for 7.57% of the total number of undergraduate graduates; The percentage of flexible employment among non-public and non-normal undergraduate graduates of ECNU is 11.9%, that of master’s students is 3.07%, and that of doctoral students is 4.14%.
In addition, according to the national survey conducted by Peking University's "National College Graduate Employment Status Survey" research group since 2003, in the structure of graduates' destination, "unit employment" accounts for less than 50%.
On the contrary, the proportion of non-standard employment such as "self-employment", "freelance" and "other flexible employment" has shown an overall upward trend and has become a form of employment that college graduates must face and accept.
National key industry units are favored, and grass-roots employment has increased
Judging from the employment trend of college graduates in recent years, "going to where the motherland needs" has become an employment direction recognized by more and more college students.
It can also be seen from the employment quality reports of many colleges and universities that the number of people employed in key national industries and units, as well as in the central and western regions and at the grassroots level is increasing year by year.
For example, there are a total of 8,993 graduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University in 2021, and the number of graduates employed in key national industries and key units accounted for 56.29% of the total number of employed people, of which 21.76% were employed in key central enterprises and important scientific research institutions directly under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission; Shanghai A total of 342 graduates from the headquarters of Jiaotong University were employed in national defense science and technology units and troops, an increase of 32 over 2020. In the past five years, a total of 1,139 graduates from the school headquarters went to work in defense science and technology units and troops, showing an increasing trend year by year; Among the graduates signed by the university in 2021, 66.47% of the graduates are employed in key national fields (information technology, rail transit, construction, finance, electric power, and military industries).
Going to the west and to the grassroots has also become the employment destination for more and more college students.
According to statistics, over 50% of the graduates of Tsinghua University in 2021 chose to work in units outside Beijing, and more than 200 people went to work in the grassroots public sectors in the western and northeastern regions; among the 2021 graduates of Xi'an Jiaotong University, many students took the initiative to choose to go to the western region, the grass-roots front line 49.61% of the employees in the western region have made contributions to the places where the motherland needs them most; 271 people from China University of Political Science and Law chose to work in the western region and grassroots units.
Selecting students has also become one of the main ways for many famous school students to make achievements at the grassroots level.
Nankai University has 311 people engaged in national and local grass-roots employment projects; Shanghai Jiaotong University has a total of 836 graduates who have been recruited to grass-roots units in the past five years, and the number and quality have steadily improved year by year; 126 people, an increase of 38 people over last year, distributed in 27 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government).
In terms of industry selection, the financial industry, education industry, information technology service industry, public management and social organizations, and technology industry have all become popular employment fields for graduates.
For example, the top three industries in which Tsinghua University graduates signed tripartite employment agreements in 2021 are information transmission, software and information technology services, education, public management, social security and social organizations.
The 2021 graduates of Peking University are mainly employed in industries such as information transmission, software and information technology services, education, finance, public administration, social security and social organizations.
In addition, many colleges and universities with their own disciplinary characteristics have obvious tendencies in the employment industry, reflecting their own school-running advantages and talent training directions.
For example, graduates from China University of Political Science and Law have a high proportion of employment in state party and government agencies, with 873 people working in agencies, accounting for 42.05% of the total number of implementation units; Beijing Jiaotong University, among the 2021 contract graduates, employed a total of 792 in the rail transit industry. People, accounting for 17.57% of the contracting ratio; East China Normal University graduates engaged in the education-academic industry accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 42.94%.
How many resumes do you need to submit to receive an admission letter?
Finding a job is not easy.
Judging from the employment quality reports released by many schools, in order to find a satisfactory job, graduates of these famous schools have also put a lot of effort into it. It often takes several months from starting a job search to finding a job.
For example, a report from Xi'an Jiaotong University shows that the 2021 graduates have more time to prepare for job hunting, and 68.94% of graduates spend one year or more preparing for job hunting.
Among the average time spent by the 2021 graduates of Nanjing University for job hunting, 23.17% of the 2-3 months and 26.47% of the 3-6 months.
For college students from prestigious universities, how many resumes do I need to submit to receive an offer?
According to data from many colleges and universities, most graduates need to submit 20 to 30 resumes. After layers of screening, most students will receive 2 to 3 offers.
Over 50% of Nanjing University graduates report that the number of resumes submitted is concentrated in 10 or less, and the number of resumes submitted by master's graduates is higher than that of undergraduate and doctoral graduates.
A survey by Shanghai Jiao Tong University shows that undergraduates submit 13.47 resumes on average, get 5.47 interview opportunities, and get 2.31 employment notices, with an average duration of 2.52 months; graduate students submit an average of 22.23 resumes, get 9.60 interview opportunities, and get 3.25 employment notices , with an average duration of 3.09 months.
In addition, Nankai University graduates submitted an average of 31.62 resumes, received an average of 10.28 interview invitations, and received an average of 3.01 employment notices during the job search process.
East China Normal University graduates sent an average of 23.34 resumes, a decrease of 0.87 compared with last year, and each graduate received an average of 2.92 employment notices. From the perspective of academic qualifications, masters received the largest number of employment notices (3.29), followed by doctors (3.29). 2.39), and finally undergraduate (2.25).
The employment of college students has always been an important issue related to people's livelihood and social development.
In recent years, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other relevant departments have adopted various policies and measures to help college students find employment. The employment quality reports issued by various colleges and universities are also an important part of employment work.
Yue Changjun believes that in the era of big data, it is necessary to provide sufficient and effective employment information to promote the employment of college graduates and improve the quality and efficiency of employment.
"In recent years, various colleges and universities have released annual reports on the employment quality of college graduates, but there is no national employment quality report. It is recommended to publish a national overall report based on the overall data of college graduates."
In addition, Yue Changjun said that in order to achieve more adequate and higher-quality employment, it is necessary to improve the quality of talent training for college graduates, and to improve the matching degree of students' interests, majors and occupations.
"The so-called 'high-quality employment', or 'good job', the basic condition is to be able to coordinate personal interests, majors and occupations. Only by choosing a major according to your interests can you learn with enthusiasm; With the combination of human capital, the level of human capital can be better played. Therefore, the matching degree of interests, majors and occupations is an important indicator to measure the quality of employment." Yue Changjun said.
China Youth Daily, China Youth Daily reporter Ye Yuting Source: China Youth Daily