◆ In August 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping made an in-depth investigation and investigation in Anhui, taking flood control and disaster relief and river management and river management as one of the key points of the inspection.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The Foolish Old Man moved mountains and Dayu controlled the floods. The Chinese nation has fought against natural disasters for thousands of years and accumulated valuable experience. We must continue to fight. This fight is not against God, but to respect and conform to nature. Laws, actively respond to natural disasters, and live in harmony with nature.”
◆ Anhui will keep in mind the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping, do a good job in major protection and promote major governance, and make clear the "big" and "small" strategies to jointly promote sustainable development, the "top" and "bottom" strategies to share the ecological cost, and the clear "progress". The strategy of "retreat" shares the happiness of Anlan, and the strategy of "standard" and "basic" seeks long-term governance
◆ Introduce Jiangjihuai to "make way" for migratory birds, "build roads" for fish, develop adaptive agriculture, and unfold a beautiful picture of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature"
◆ The Xin'anjiang model of the Anhui-Zhejiang water environment compensation pilot has become a major innovation in my country's ecological civilization system.
The ecological compensation mechanism originated from the practice of Xin'an River has expanded from water environment to air, forest and wetland, and from Xin'an River to Jiuzhou River, Dongjiang and other inter-provincial river basins, becoming a successful governance practice of China's ecological civilization construction
◆ Yu Yuneng, who used to fish for a living in Chaohu Lake, now has a new career: a water guard, responsible for salvaging cyanobacteria in Chaohu Lake, not only bid farewell to "floating on water", but also has a fixed income of more than 4,000 yuan per month
◆ From January to December 2021, 92.7% of the sections in the Anhui section of the Yangtze River Basin have excellent water quality, reaching the best level since monitoring.
Compared with the same period in 2020, the first occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in Chaohu Lake was delayed by 56 days, the number of occurrences decreased by 78.3%, and the cumulative area decreased by 84.4%.
More than 30 kilometers away from the Yangtze River in the east and about 20 kilometers away from Chaohu Lake in the west, the 5,000-year-old Shuanglian jade artifacts unearthed at the Lingjiatan site have become one of the image sources for the patterns on the backs of the Beijing Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics.
On the bank of the Huai River, the head of a 7,300-year-old pottery-patterned man unearthed at the Shuangdun site shows a "mysterious smile", reflecting the dawn of civilization in the Huaihe River Basin.
Governing the water ecology and protecting the water environment are related to the well-being of the people, the future of the country, and the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.
Making the water of the motherland clearer, greener and more beautiful is a major concern of General Secretary Xi Jinping.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, his investigation and research footprints have traveled to the north and south of the river and up and down the river.
Those who are good at governing the country must be good at governing the water.
From August 18 to 21, 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected and investigated in Anhui, looking at rivers and lakes.
In the Mengwa Flood Storage Area, he talked about the relationship between man and nature: "The Foolish Old Man moved the mountains and the Great Yu controlled the flood. The Chinese nation has fought against natural disasters for thousands of years and has accumulated valuable experience. We must continue to fight. It is not against God, but to respect nature, conform to the laws of nature, actively respond to natural disasters, and live in harmony with nature.”
On the Chaohu Embankment, he talked about the coexistence and coexistence of people and water: "When the flood recedes, we must prevent the phenomenon of water retreating and people entering in the flood storage area. If we want to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, we cannot compete with nature for development space. "
In Xuejiawa Ecological Park, he talked about the interrelationship between ecological protection and economic development - "Protecting the ecology well and making full use of the ecological advantages can achieve high-quality development."
These important speeches vividly reflect the great importance that General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches to "adhering to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature".
Open the map of Anhui, the Yangtze River lives in the Huaihe River and the Xin'an River. The three major rivers are in the shape of "three" from south to north; the major water conservancy project diverting the Yangtze River to the Huaihe River runs through the Jianghuai watershed, connecting the Yangtze River and the Huai River, forming a "Feng" character.
The clear water of the Yangtze River flows eastward, the Huaihe River pursues its dreams and peace, and Chaohu Lake polishes its business card... Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Anhui has kept in mind the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping, and made great efforts to protect and promote great governance. To promote sustainable development, the strategies of "up" and "down" will share the ecological cost, the strategies of "advance" and "retirement" will be shared with Anlan, and the strategies of "standard" and "basic" will seek long-term governance.
Today, on the Yangtze River, from indiscriminate fishing to the "ten-year fishing ban"; on the Huai River, from the competition between people and water to the retreat of water; on the side of Chao Lake, the management of cyanobacteria is in full swing... Jianghuai has asked for thousands of years, Today's answer is: to realize the virtuous circle of "the people protect the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River to benefit the people", and to recreate the scenery of "a clear river flows eastward" as soon as possible.
Ming "big" and "small" strategies for sustainable development
To do a good job in big protection and promote big governance, Anhui insists not to play small abacus and small accounts, but to focus on the big picture, look to the future, and focus on the sustainable development of the Chinese nation to calculate big and long-term accounts.
Zheng Zhajie, secretary of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee, said that Anhui firmly established the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, paid close attention to the ecological environment management and ecological barrier construction of "three mountains, three rivers and two lakes", implemented the upgraded version of air, water and soil pollution prevention and control, and implemented "Ten-year fishing ban" in the Yangtze River.
Coordinate the management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand systems, and strengthen the construction of ecological civilization in the whole province, the whole process, and all aspects.
Zhang Minghao lives by the Yangtze River in Tongling City, Anhui Province. He is a volunteer for the protection of aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River. The finless porpoise is the aquatic organism in the Yangtze River that he is most concerned about.
"A few years ago, I went to watch places where finless porpoises often haunt, and I didn't see them often. In 2021, I can see finless porpoises every day." Every time he sees these cute little guys swimming in the Yangtze River, Zhang Minghao will take pictures Send photos or videos to your circle of friends.
"Now, the water is clearer and there are more fish, so naturally there are more finless porpoises." Zhang Minghao said.
The Yangtze River, the mother river of the Chinese nation, was once one of the seven rivers with rich biodiversity in the world.
However, due to long-term overfishing and water pollution, its biological integrity index once reached the "no fish" level.
Once upon a time, as a natural harbor on the east bank of the Yangtze River, the land in Xuejiawa, Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province was occupied by illegal docks, scattered and polluting enterprises, etc., and more than 200 fishing boats gathered around.
"There is no river along the river, and everywhere is dirty and messy" is the true portrayal of Xue Jiawa at that time.
Today, Xuejiawa Ecological Park is full of lush vegetation and rippling blue waves. Not far from the Yangtze River waterway, there are ships coming and going, the whistle is melodious, and tourists are enjoying the beautiful scenery.
"Maanshan was established as a city because of steel, and it thrived because of steel." Zhang Yuefeng, secretary of the Ma'anshan Municipal Party Committee, said that as a resource-based city, the steel industry has brought prosperity to Ma'anshan, but also brought some outstanding ecological and environmental problems.
After all the pain, Ma'anshan does not make small calculations or small accounts, adheres to the problem orientation, pays attention to source governance and systematic governance, and coordinates the promotion of high-level protection of the ecological environment and high-quality development of the industry.
On the one hand, it invested capital to remediate 719 scattered and polluting enterprises, demolished 153 illegal docks, closed 32 mines, and completed the investigation, monitoring and traceability of 4,823 sewage outlets in the main and tributaries of the Yangtze River. solve environmental problems.
On the other hand, accelerate the creation of a national-level industrial cluster of advanced structural materials led by the steel industry, and a provincial-level major emerging industrial cluster marked by intelligent equipment manufacturing, energy conservation and environmental protection, and green food will settle in Ma'anshan, and embark on a green and high-quality development path. .
In November 2021, the General Office of the State Council issued a circular to commend 48 typical experiences and practices found in the eighth State Council inspection, among which "Maanshan City, Anhui Province coordinated the promotion of high-level ecological environment protection and high-quality industrial development". .
Not only Ma'anshan, but also Tongling promoted the protection of the shorelines of the Yangtze River and Lake, and completed 180 shoreline improvement projects for ports on both sides of the river; Wuhu insisted on cleaning and re-greening one tidal flat on the main stream of the Yangtze River; Chizhou established 1,105 chief environmental supervisors, Promote the rectification of the sewage outlet of the Yangtze River into the river; Anqing promotes the rectification of the ecological environment of the finless porpoise nature reserve, and makes the "smiling angel" an "ecological business card"... The development ideas of various parts of Anhui focus on the overall situation and the future.
In 2021, Anhui Province will complete the list of sewage outlets, rectification plans, and “one outlet, one policy” for the main inflows of the Yangtze River, with a total of 2,901 monitoring outlets and 4,077 traceable outlets; the 160 first- and second-tier tributaries of the Yangtze River will cover an area of nearly 14,000 square meters. An investigation was carried out within a kilometer range, and 23,430 outlets were found, 10,368 outlets were monitored, and all of them were traced to the source.
At the same time, Anhui Province has listed the creation of a beautiful Yangtze River (Anhui) Economic Belt with clean water, green industry, beautiful and beautiful Yangtze River (Anhui) as the "No. 1 Project" for ecological civilization construction. Measures such as building new buildings, reducing stockpiles, and shutting down pollution sources will protect a river and clear water.
According to data from the Anhui Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, from January to December 2021, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality in the Anhui section of the Yangtze River Basin reached 92.7%, reaching the best level since monitoring.
For the overall plan, for the children and grandchildren.
2021 is the first year of the "ten-year fishing ban" in the Yangtze River.
Through a sound law enforcement and supervision network, Anhui has carried out in-depth special rectification actions against illegal fishing, continued to do a good job of ensuring the resettlement of fishermen who have returned from fishing, and maintained the overall stability of the ban on fishing.
"The Yangtze River's '10-year fishing ban' is off to a good start," said Wang Lin, director of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anhui Province.
At the Smart Fishery Administration Command Center in Daguan District, Anqing City, the staff can visually control the prohibited waters in real time with the click of a mouse.
This is equivalent to installing a "clairvoyance" for fishery administration supervision. Once illegal fishing is found, law enforcement officers can immediately deal with it through the intercom system.
"In contrast, in the past, the efficiency of law enforcement was low by relying on manual inspections." From "human inspections" to "technical inspections", He Guangsheng, captain of the Fisheries Law Enforcement Brigade in Daguan District, was full of emotion.
The ten-year ban on fishing seems to have lost immediate benefits, but it can gain 2 to 3 generations of breeding time for the fish in the Yangtze River, ease the dilemma of "a river without fish", and bring hope for the protection of many species such as the Yangtze finless porpoise. .
"It's not a small account, it's a big one. From a historical perspective, the '10-year fishing ban' will play an important role in the protection of the Yangtze River ecosystem." Jiang Zeqiu, director of the Fisheries and Fisheries Affairs Office of the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Anqing City, said.
Wang Qingxian, Governor of Anhui Province, said that in 2022 Anhui will implement a new round of upgrading projects for the beautiful Yangtze River (Anhui) Economic Belt.
Fully carry out the construction of "four corridors and two screens", speed up the construction progress of the Ma'anshan "cabbage heart" project, the new round of Chaohu Lake comprehensive treatment project, Hefei Luogang Central Park, etc., and promote the construction of the natural reserve system and wetland protection and restoration.
Clear "up" and "down" strategies to share the ecological cost
The upstream and downstream of a big river are an ecological community, and they must share ecological costs and ecological dividends.
Anhui adheres to the water control consciousness of "drinking one river together" for the upper and lower reaches, breaks through the restrictions of administrative divisions, and draws a blueprint for the administrative division of river basin management.
The Xin'an River originating in Xiuning County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, is the largest inflow river in Zhejiang Province. It provides more than 60% of the inflow water to Qiandao Lake, an important water source in Hangzhou, and is an important ecological barrier in Anhui, Zhejiang and even the Yangtze River Delta.
In 2010, cyanobacteria proliferated abnormally in some parts of Qiandao Lake, and during the flood season, hundreds of thousands of tons of garbage flowed into the lake from the Xin'an River.
Protection is imminent.
In 2012, the first pilot project of an inter-provincial ecological compensation mechanism in China was launched in the Xin'an River Basin, and a compensation standard system was established in accordance with the principle of "whoever benefits will be compensated, and whoever protects will be compensated".
The two provinces of Anhui and Zhejiang agreed that if the annual water quality reaches the standard, Zhejiang will allocate 100 million yuan to Anhui, whereas Anhui will allocate 100 million yuan to Zhejiang.
Driven by the ecological compensation mechanism, the enthusiasm and initiative of the people in Xin'an River to protect green waters and green mountains have been mobilized.
Today, ten years later, the Xin'an River has become one of the rivers with the best water quality in the country, and the water quality of Qiandao Lake has remained stable and excellent.
In January 2022, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the outstanding cases of beautiful rivers and lakes and beautiful bays in 2021, and the Huangshan section of the Xin'an River became one of the nine outstanding cases of beautiful rivers and lakes.
Sun Yong, the mayor of Huangshan City, said that the Xin'an River has become a "River of Peace of Mind", and Huangshan will explore a new path and write a new chapter in promoting the construction of the Xin'an River-Qiandao Lake Ecological Protection Compensation Pilot Zone.
The exploration of ecological compensation continues.
Focusing on the goal of a lake with clear water entering the Yangtze River and fresh air moistening the lower reaches, Hefei and Lu'an strictly implement the Heliu Dabie Mountain Ecological Compensation Agreement.
In 2021, Hefei City will allocate 40 million yuan of compensation funds in place to actively promote the prevention and control of water pollution in cross-border rivers such as Chuhe River, and conduct joint inspections and joint monitoring of water bodies with Lu'an City at the exit section of Luoguan Gate every month, and include this section into the project. Hefei city automatic water station construction system.
From January to October 2021, the average water quality of the three rivers, Fengle River, Hangbu River, and Chuhe River, will meet the national standards.
Today, the clear water of the Xin'an River is "merging" into the blue waves of beautiful China. The ecological compensation mechanism originated from the practice of Xin'an River has expanded from the water environment to the air, forests and wetlands, and from the Xin'an River to many This trans-provincial river basin has become a successful governance practice in my country's ecological civilization construction.
From the Xin'an River to the north, is the Bengbu Gate Water Control Project.
Looking away from the bank of the Huai River, the Bengbu Gate, with its 40-hole control gate, is like a giant dragon lying on the sparkling waves, guarding the safety of the river.
Up and down the hub, the four provinces of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shandong in the Huaihe River Basin "one river together" have formed a relatively complete emergency response and systematic governance system in disaster prevention and mitigation, water conservancy facilities, and pollution prevention and control. "The most difficult river to manage" has gradually become An Lan.
From flood control, disaster prevention and mitigation, to comprehensive water environment management, water ecological protection and compensation, and water resource utilization, the goal of managing the Huaihe River is becoming more comprehensive with economic and social development.
Upstream, new reservoirs, dredging and expansion of existing reservoirs, and interconnection and mutual regulation will further improve the capacity of flood storage; in the middle reaches, the adjustment and construction of the flood storage area, the relocation of residents in the Huaihe flood storage area and the Huaigan beach area will ensure that the flood storage area can be safely and timely. Effective use; downstream, start the construction of the second phase of the sea entry channel, consolidate and improve the downstream flood outlet...
Liu Dongshun, secretary of the party group and director of the Huaihe Water Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources, said that in the future, the Huaihe Committee will promote the construction of the national water network while building a safe and reliable system for flood control and disaster reduction in the Huaihe River Basin. To strengthen the protection and control of water-related ecological space, and build a green and healthy ecological system of rivers and lakes; to promote the construction of a digital twin of the Huaihe River, to build a smart river basin management system with the functions of "four preliminaries", and to comprehensively improve the modernization capability and level of water governance in the basin .
A clear strategy of "advance" and "retirement" to share the happiness of Anlan
Respecting nature and following the laws of nature, Anhui adheres to the principle of "water enters and people retreat", attracting Jiangjihuai to "make way" for migratory birds and "build roads" for fish, restore the ecological function of water, and develop adaptive agriculture. The beautiful picture of "harmonious coexistence with nature" has been slowly unfolded.
Vigorously plant the water-loving willow, and take the road of the willow weaving industry; plan the construction of Baozhuangwei to realize "water advances and people retreat"; satellite and radar monitoring systems provide a reliable basis for scientific decision-making on flood control... Walking in Funan County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province , Yingshang County along the banks of the Huaihe River, an idyllic scene of "waterfowls floating on the water, fish and shrimps swimming in the water, lotus roots growing underwater, and cattle and sheep walking on the shore" came into view.
Return to the water, only then can people and water coexist.
The population density in the Huaihe River Basin is more than four times higher than the national average level, and the contradiction between human and water competing for land is prominent.
In recent years, Anhui has carried out the safety construction of the Huaihe flood storage area in an orderly manner to solve the contradiction between the safe living of the masses and the flood storage.
After review by the Huaihe Water Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources, since 2020, Huainan, Fuyang, Chuzhou, Lu'an and other places have carried out the relocation of residents in the Huaihe flood storage areas, and moved more than 110,000 people in the "water pocket" to safe areas.
In the implementation of the project of diverting the Yangtze River to Huaihe River, in order not to disturb the habitat of migratory birds, Anhui made a significant adjustment to the original design plan - moving the waterway westward away from the concentrated distribution area of birds; using the waterway in the lake area to dredged earthwork and filling the east side of the waterway to protect wetlands Separate embankments; arrange water-resistant evergreen plants to reduce boating noise; lower the water level of Caizi Lake during the winter migratory bird season to ensure the maintenance of the exposure time of the grassland wetlands, so that the wetland area does not decrease.
At the same time, in order to ensure fish migration and exchange of fish germplasm resources between rivers and lakes, the project constructor also invested more than 160 million yuan to build 4 new facilities and repair 1 "fish crossing facility" to help fish migrate and reproduce.
When people retire, they also gain the benefits of people's livelihood.
In the Yangtze River, Wuhu Shili Jiangwan Park under the night, one side is the "Yueyong River", the other side is colorful and colorful, and the 10.4-kilometer riverside ecological landscape belt makes tourists linger.
The "production coastline" that used to be full of small wharves, small shipyards and small storage yards has turned into an "ecological coastline".
Like Xuejiawa in Ma'anshan, Wuhu is also a typical representative of the successful governance of the water ecology, allowing the people to share the fruits of great protection and the city benefiting from the great protection.
In the Huai River, Jingshan Gorge, known as one of the "Little Three Gorges of the Huai River", many local swimmers come here to conduct triathlon outdoor swimming training in safe waters. In the 1980s and 1990s, people suffered " The scene of looking at the water and sighing is gone forever.
These "iron men" are surrounded by not only the ripples of water, but also the trails planted with pomegranates, pine and cypresses, camphor trees and willows, which together outline the slim figure of this water park.
Anlan wants to work more happily and is becoming a consensus along the Huaihe River.
In accordance with the principle of "water is suitable for water, animal husbandry is suitable for animal husbandry, and fishing is suitable for fishing", the agricultural industry structure is adjusted along the Huaihe River region, and adaptive agriculture is developed.
"Weave baskets and baskets to support the family", this is a familiar saying in Funan County.
Every time there is a flood, the crops in the local flood storage area are drowned, but the wicker in the water grows arbitrarily.
Previously, Liubian was not developed as a local industry.
With the change of thinking of industrial structure adjustment, wicker has turned into a "gold bar" for getting rich.
Today, as the largest export base of willow weaving in China, Funan County has developed nearly 300 willow wood processing enterprises, and its products are sold in more than 120 countries and regions around the world, and it is known as "the capital of willow weaving in China".
"Fish in deep water, lotus root in shallow water, willows planted in beachhead depressions, ducks and geese go upstream".
Not only Funan, but also the regions along the Huaihe River, according to their own characteristics, develop aquatic vegetables, high-quality rice, water-resistant willow, characteristic waterfowl, healthy aquatic products and other industries according to local conditions.
"Our county mainly focuses on aquaculture, waterfowl breeding, and aquatic vegetables 'three water industries'", Zhang Yinjun, secretary of the Yingshang County Party Committee in Fuyang City, told reporters that the county has explored a new development path to promote the county with water and enrich the people with water.
Clear "standard" and "basic" policy, seek long-term governance
Ecological priority and green development, Anhui insists on controlling pollution from the source, promoting systematic governance, and seeking long-term governance by addressing both the symptoms and root causes.
"Have you ever kept a pen and inkstone, the scenery becomes a poem." The poet Lu You described the eight hundred miles of Chaohu Lake.
However, a few years ago, in the summer when the cyanobacteria broke out on a large scale, the shallow area of 20 to 30 meters along the Chaohu Lake was covered with cyanobacteria, and the water surface was like a layer of green paint.
"When the wind blows, the stench drifts over, and I dare not open the windows." The residents along the coast recalled.
The problem is in the lake, the roots are on the shore.
Anhui established a special watershed management agency to uniformly exercise the comprehensive management responsibilities of Chaohu Lake Basin; manage 52 rivers and tributaries entering the lake such as Nanfei River and Zhaohe; Joint efforts to control water", from "one lake governance" to "watershed governance", from "pollution prevention" to "ecological restoration".
Hefei City has determined the water control strategy of "governing lakes first, rivers first, pollution first, and sources first". A total of 39 billion yuan has been invested in the comprehensive treatment of Chaohu Lake, the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects around Chaohu Lake, and the promotion of the "Ten The construction of "Great Wetland" highlights the two functions of wetland flood storage and ecological protection.
"The upstream water is diverted through the 'yuzui', entering the river on the left, and entering the core wetland on the right." Ma Jia, director of the Water Environment Project Management Office of the Hefei Key Project Construction Administration, said that there are currently 10 total areas along Chaohu Lake. The wetland, which reaches 100 square kilometers, is functioning as a filter and stabilizer for the water entering Chaohu Lake.
Five algae water separation stations have been built along the lake, with a processing capacity of 18,000 tons/day; 3 cyanobacterial deep well processing units have been built, with a processing capacity of 286,000 tons/day... Yin, Deputy Director of the Supervision and Assessment Office of Chaohu Administration of Anhui Province Ming said that the local area is launching a general attack on cyanobacteria through intelligent monitoring, emergency salvage and other means.
Compared with the same period in 2020, the first occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in Chaohu Lake in 2021 will be delayed by 56 days, the number of occurrences will be reduced by 78.3%, and the cumulative area will be reduced by 84.4%.
The improvement of the governance level of Chaohu Lake and the surrounding Chaohu Lake has also "updated" the urban temperament of Hefei, a "city with lakes", and upgraded the people's livelihood experience of Hefei.
In the past two years, people living by Chaohu Lake have deeply felt the changes in this 800-mile lake.
Yu Yuneng, who used to fish for a living in Chaohu Lake, now has a new career: a water guard, responsible for the salvage of blue-green algae in Chaohu Lake.
"Bird Panda" Oriental White Stork, "World's Smallest Duck" Cotton Mallet, "Red-legged Lady" Black-winged Sandpiper... Compared with previous years, the number and species of migratory birds that come to the wetlands along Chao Lake for winter in the winter of 2021 have broken through A new high, with more than 300 species of birds recorded alone.
"More and more migratory birds are coming, which shows that the ecological environment of Chaohu Lake is continuing to improve," said Qian Maosong, a photographer from Hefei.
A good ecology is rewarded with rich ecological dividends.
According to the "14th Five-Year Plan for Forestry and Garden Development of Hefei City", the local area will focus on building a number of wetland ecological tourism demonstration sites, cultivating and developing ecological, characteristic and high-end tourism projects, and driving the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism around Chaohu Lake.
Eight hundred miles of Chaohu Lake is shining brightly.
To the north, the Huaihe River is peaceful; to the south, the Yangtze River is mighty.
Published in "Looking" 2022 issue 6-7