新华社北京2月4日电
中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于新时代国际关系和全球可持续发展的联合声明
应中华人民共和国主席习近平邀请，俄罗斯联邦总统弗·弗·普京于2022年2月4日访华。两国元首在北京举行会谈，并出席第24届冬季奥运会开幕式。
中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦(以下简称“双方”)，声明如下：
当前，世界正在经历大变局，人类社会进入大发展、大变革的新时代。世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化、文化多样化持续发展，全球治理体系和国际秩序变革持续推进，各国相互联系和依存大大加深，国际力量分布趋于重构，国际社会对于和平与可持续发展的呼声更加强烈。与此同时，新冠肺炎疫情在世界范围内持续蔓延，国际及地区安全形势日趋复杂，全球性威胁挑战日益上升。国际上少数势力继续顽固奉行单边主义，诉诸强权政治，干涉他国内政，损害他国正当权益，制造矛盾、分歧和对抗，阻碍人类社会发展进步。国际社会对此绝不接受。
双方呼吁各国从全人类共同福祉出发，加强对话，增进互信，凝聚共识，捍卫和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利及各国主权安全发展利益，捍卫以联合国为核心的国际体系和以国际法为基础的国际秩序，践行联合国和联合国安理会发挥核心协调作用的真正的多边主义，推进国际关系民主化，实现世界和平、稳定与可持续发展。
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双方一致认为，民主是全人类共同价值，不是少数国家的专利，促进和保障民主是国际社会共同事业。
双方认为，民主是公民参与管理本国事务的途径，旨在增进民生福祉，实现人民当家做主。民主应是全过程、面向全体人民的，体现全体人民的利益和意志，保障人民权利，满足人民需求，维护人民利益。民主制度的实践不是刻板的，应考虑到不同国家的社会政治制度和历史、传统及文化特色。各国人民有权选择适合本国国情的民主实践形式和方式。一个国家是否民主，只能由这个国家的人民来评判。
The two sides pointed out that China and Russia, as world powers with long historical and cultural traditions, have profound democratic traditions rooted in millennium development experience and are widely supported by their own people, reflecting the needs and interests of their citizens.
China and Russia have ensured that their people have the right to participate in the management of state and social affairs through various channels and forms in accordance with the law.
The people of the two countries have full self-confidence on the road and respect the democratic systems and traditions of other countries.
The two sides pointed out that democratic principles should be reflected not only in domestic governance but also in global governance.
Some countries attempt to draw ideological lines, force other countries to accept the "democratic standards" of these countries, and monopolize the right to define democracy by piecing together various small groups and "situational" alliances. This is actually a trampling on democracy and the spirit of democracy. and betrayal of true democratic values.
Such pursuit of hegemony poses a serious threat to regional and global peace and stability, and damages the stability of the international order.
The two sides firmly believe that defending democracy and human rights should not be used as a tool to exert pressure on other countries.
The two sides oppose any country's abuse of democratic values, interference in the internal affairs of sovereign countries under the pretext of safeguarding democracy and human rights, and provoking world division and confrontation.
The two sides called on the international community to respect the diversity of cultures and civilizations and the self-determination rights of peoples of different countries.
The two sides are willing to join hands with all willing countries to promote true democracy.
The two sides pointed out that the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have established lofty goals and basic principles for the global cause of human rights, which should be followed and practiced by all countries.
At the same time, each country has different national conditions, and there are differences in history, culture, social system, and economic and social development level. It is necessary to adhere to the combination of the universality of human rights and the actual conditions of various countries, and protect human rights according to their national conditions and people's needs.
The promotion and protection of human rights is the common cause of the international community, and all countries should pay equal attention to and systematically promote various types of human rights.
International human rights cooperation should be discussed by all countries on the basis of equal dialogue. All countries should enjoy the equal right to development. All countries should carry out human rights cooperation and cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual respect, and strengthen the construction of the international human rights system.
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The two sides believe that peace, development and cooperation are the mainstream of today's international system.
Development is the key to achieving people's well-being.
The continued spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has brought severe challenges to the global implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It is crucial to improve the global development partnership and push global development to a new stage of balance, coordination and inclusiveness.
双方将积极推进共建“一带一路”与欧亚经济联盟对接合作，深化中国同欧亚经济联盟各领域务实合作。提高亚太地区和欧亚地区互联互通水平。双方愿继续推动共建“一带一路”和“大欧亚伙伴关系”建设并行不悖、协调发展，推动区域组织发展及双多边经济一体化进程，造福欧亚大陆各国人民。
双方同意进一步深化北极可持续发展务实合作。
双方将加强在联合国等多边机制合作，推动国际社会将发展置于全球宏观政策协调重要位置，呼吁发达国家切实履行官方发展援助义务，为发展中国家提供更多资源，解决国家间和各国内部发展不平衡等问题，促进全球发展和国际发展合作。俄方重申愿就推进中方提出的全球发展倡议继续开展相关工作，包括参与联合国平台“全球发展倡议之友小组”活动。双方呼吁国际社会将减贫、粮食安全、抗疫和疫苗、发展筹资、气候变化、绿色和可持续发展、工业化、数字经济、互联互通等作为重点合作领域，采取务实行动，加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程。
双方呼吁国际社会打造开放、公平、公正、非歧视的科技发展环境，加速科技成果向现实生产力转化，挖掘经济增长新动能。
双方呼吁各国加强可持续交通领域合作，积极开展交通能力建设和知识交流，包括智能交通、可持续交通、发展运营北极航道等，助力全球疫后复苏。
双方为应对气候变化采取强有力措施，作出了重要贡献。双方共同纪念《联合国气候变化框架公约》达成30周年，重申恪守《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》目标、原则和规定，特别是共同但有区别的责任原则，致力于共同推动《巴黎协定》全面有效实施。双方将履行各自承诺，期待发达国家切实落实每年1000亿美元对发展中国家的气候资金支持。双方反对以应对气候变化为由，设置新的国际贸易壁垒。
双方坚定推动生物多样性国际合作与交流，积极参与全球生物多样性治理进程，将共同推动人与自然协调发展和绿色转型，助力全球可持续发展。
The heads of state of China and Russia affirmed the fruitful bilateral and multilateral cooperation between the two sides in response to the global pandemic of COVID-19 and safeguarding the lives and health of the people of the two countries and the world.
The two sides will continue to strengthen cooperation in the development and production of vaccines and new coronavirus drugs, and deepen cooperation in the fields of public health and modern medicine.
The two sides will strengthen the coordination and alignment of epidemic prevention measures to provide strong guarantee for the health, safety and orderly exchanges of personnel between the two countries.
The two sides positively commented on the work done by the relevant departments and localities of the two countries to ensure the epidemic prevention in border areas and the stable operation of ports. They will establish a joint prevention and control mechanism in border areas, coordinate the promotion of epidemic prevention and control, information sharing and infrastructure construction at border ports, and continuously improve port freight forwarding. customs clearance efficiency.
The two sides emphasized that tracing the origin of the new coronavirus is a scientific issue, which should be carried out in cooperation with scientists around the world based on a global perspective, and oppose the politicization of the issue of tracing the origin.
Russia welcomes the joint traceability research conducted by China and the WHO, and supports the China-WHO joint traceability research report.
Both sides call on the international community to jointly maintain the scientific nature and seriousness of traceability research.
Russia supports China in successfully hosting the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
The two sides spoke highly of the level of cooperation between the two countries in sports and the Olympic Games, and are willing to further promote the development of relevant cooperation.
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The two sides expressed deep concern over the severe challenges facing the international security situation, and believed that the people of all countries share a common destiny, and no country can and should not achieve its own security by breaking away from world security and at the expense of the security of other countries.
The international community should actively participate in global security governance to achieve common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security.
The two sides reiterated that they firmly support each other's core interests, national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and oppose external interference in the internal affairs of the two countries.
The Russian side reiterated that it abides by the one-China principle, recognizes that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory, and opposes any form of "Taiwan independence".
China and Russia oppose external forces undermining the security and stability of the two countries' common surrounding areas, oppose external forces interfering in the internal affairs of sovereign countries under any pretext, and oppose "color revolutions", and will strengthen cooperation in the above-mentioned areas.
The two sides condemned terrorism in all its forms, urged the international community to establish a United Nations-centered global anti-terrorism united front, and strengthened multilateral policy coordination and constructive cooperation in the field of counter-terrorism.
It opposes the politicization and instrumentalization of counter-terrorism issues and the implementation of "double standards", and condemns the use of terrorist and extremist organizations and interference in other countries' internal affairs in the name of combating international terrorism and extremism to achieve geopolitical goals.
双方认为，个别国家、军事政治联盟或同盟谋求直接或间接的单方面军事优势，通过不正当竞争等方式损害他国安全，加剧地缘政治竞争，渲染对立对抗，严重破坏国际安全秩序，破坏全球战略稳定。双方反对北约继续扩张，呼吁北约摒弃冷战时期意识形态，尊重他国主权、安全、利益及文明多样性、历史文化多样性，客观公正看待他国和平发展。双方反对在亚太地区构建封闭的结盟体系、制造阵营对抗，高度警惕美国推行的“印太战略”对本地区和平稳定造成的消极影响。中俄始终致力于构建平等、开放、包容、不针对第三国的亚太地区安全体系，维护和平、稳定与繁荣。
双方欢迎《五个核武器国家领导人关于防止核战争与避免军备竞赛的联合声明》的发表，认为所有核武器国家应摒弃冷战思维与零和博弈，降低核武器在国家安全政策中的作用，撤出在境外部署的核武器，不允许毫无限制地发展全球反导系统，切实降低拥有军事核力量国家之间发生核战争以及任何军事冲突的风险。
双方重申，《不扩散核武器条约》是国际核裁军与核不扩散体系的基石，是战后国际安全体系的重要组成部分，对促进世界和平与发展的作用不可替代。国际社会应平衡推进条约三大支柱，共同维护条约权威性、有效性和普遍性。
双方对美国、英国、澳大利亚建立“三边安全伙伴关系”(AUKUS)特别是在核动力潜艇等涉及战略稳定领域开展合作表示严重关切，认为上述行为同保障亚太地区安全与可持续发展的目标相悖，加剧地区军备竞赛危险，构成严重核扩散风险。双方强烈谴责类似行为，敦促AUKUS成员国严格履行防止核、导弹扩散义务，维护地区和平稳定与发展。
双方对日本拟将福岛核电站事故放射性污染水向海洋排放及其潜在环境影响表示严重关切，强调日本须与周边邻国等利益攸关方及有关国际机构充分协商，在公开透明、科学论证、符合国际法基础上，以负责任的方式妥善处置放射性污染水。
双方认为，美国退出《中导条约》后，加快研发陆基中程和中短程导弹，寻求在亚太和欧洲地区部署并向其盟友提供，加剧紧张和不信任，增加国际和地区安全风险，削弱国际防扩散和军控体系，破坏全球战略稳定。双方敦促美国积极回应俄方倡议，放弃在亚太和欧洲部署陆基中程和中短程导弹计划。双方将就此保持沟通，加强协调。
中方理解并支持俄方提出的构建有法律约束力的欧洲长期安全保障的相关建议。
双方指出，美国退出军控领域一系列重要国际协定，对国际和地区安全稳定产生巨大负面影响。美国推进全球反导计划并在世界各地部署反导系统，同时强化具备执行先发制人式打击等战略任务能力的高精度非核武器力量，双方对此表示关切。双方强调和平利用外空的重要性，坚定支持联合国和平利用外层空间委员会在促进外层空间国际合作、维护和发展外空领域国际法及管控外空活动方面的核心地位，并将继续就外层空间活动长期可持续性、空间资源开发和利用等双方共同关心的议题加强合作。双方反对个别国家企图将外空演变成军事对抗疆域的行为，重申将尽一切努力防止外空武器化和军备竞赛，反对旨在谋求外空军事优势、实施外空作战的相关活动，重申应在中俄“防止在外空放置武器、对外空物体使用或威胁使用武力条约”草案基础上，尽快启动谈判缔结具有法律约束力的多边文件，为防止外空军备竞赛和武器化提供根本和可靠的保障。
中俄强调，有关透明和增进信任措施，包括“不首先在外空部署武器”的国际倡议/政治承诺有助于实现防止外空军备竞赛的目标，但此类措施仅作为规范外空活动的补充措施，不应替代有效法律约束机制。
双方重申《禁止生物武器公约》是国际和平与安全的至关重要的支柱，决心维护《公约》的权威性和有效性。
双方重申《公约》应得到完全遵守和进一步加强，包括《公约》制度化，加强《公约》机制，达成包含有效核查机制、具有法律约束力的议定书，并通过定期协商与合作解决与公约执行相关的任何问题。
双方强调，美国及其盟友在境内外开展的生物军事化活动引起国际社会对其遵约的严重关切与质疑。有关活动对中俄的国家安全造成严重威胁，也损害了相关地区的安全。双方敦促美国及其盟友以公开、透明、负责任的态度，对其境内外生物军事化活动作出澄清，同时支持重启有法律约束力的《禁止生物武器公约》核查议定书谈判。
双方重申致力于实现无化武世界的目标，呼吁《禁止化学武器公约》各缔约国共同维护公约的权威性和有效性。中俄对禁止化学武器组织政治化深表关切，呼吁缔约国加强团结合作，维护协商一致传统。中俄敦促美国作为唯一未完成化武销毁的缔约国加快库存化武销毁。
双方强调，应平衡推进履行防扩散义务与维护各国在先进技术、材料及设备领域开展和平利用国际合作的合法权益。双方指出，由中方提出、俄方共提的“在国际安全领域促进和平利用国际合作”决议获第76届联大通过，希望该决议按既定目标得到贯彻执行。
双方高度重视人工智能治理问题。双方愿就人工智能问题加强交流与对话。
双方重申将深化国际信息安全领域协作，推动构建开放、安全、可持续、可及的信息通信技术环境。双方强调《联合国宪章》确立的不使用武力、尊重国家主权和基本人权及自由、不干涉内政等原则适用于信息空间，重申联合国在应对国际信息安全威胁领域的关键作用，支持联合国制定该领域新的国家行为准则。
双方欢迎在统一的机制框架内开展国际信息安全领域全球谈判，支持联合国2021-2025年信息安全开放式工作组的工作，愿在该工作组内发表共同立场。双方认为，应联合国际社会制定信息网络空间新的、负责任的国家行为准则，包括具有法律效力的规范各国信息通信技术领域活动的普遍性国际法律文件。双方认为由中方提出、俄方原则支持的《全球数据安全倡议》为工作组讨论制定数据安全等国际信息安全威胁的应对措施提供了基础。
双方重申支持联合国大会第74/247号和75/282号决议，支持特设政府间专家委员会的工作，推动在联合国框架下谈判制定打击为犯罪目的使用信息和通信技术的国际公约，倡导各方建设性参与谈判，确保根据联大第75/282号决议尽早达成一项具有权威性、普遍性的全面公约并向第78届联大提交。中俄已共同提交公约草案作为相关谈判基础。
双方支持打造国际化的互联网治理体系，认为各国平等享有互联网治理权，主权国家有权管控和保障本国网络安全，任何企图限制国家网络主权的行为不可接受，应促进国际电信联盟在解决有关问题上发挥更加积极的作用。
双方将以《中华人民共和国政府和俄罗斯联邦政府关于在保障国际信息安全领域合作协定》(2015年5月8日签署)为基础，深化保障国际信息安全领域双边合作，并商定近期将通过两国该领域合作计划。
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双方强调，中俄作为世界大国和联合国安理会常任理事国，将坚持责任道义，坚定维护联合国在国际事务中发挥核心协调作用的国际体系，坚定维护包括《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则在内的以国际法为基础的国际秩序，推动世界多极化和国际关系民主化，共同建设更加繁荣稳定、公平公正的世界，携手构建新型国际关系。
俄方积极评价中方关于构建人类命运共同体的理念，该理念有助于加强国际社会团结，合力应对共同挑战。中方积极评价俄方为推动构建公正的多极化国际关系体系所作努力。
双方坚定捍卫二战胜利成果和战后国际秩序，坚决维护联合国权威和国际公平正义，反对否定、歪曲和篡改二战历史的图谋。
为防止世界大战悲剧重演，双方坚决谴责为法西斯主义、军国主义侵略者及其帮凶推卸历史罪责和污蔑抹黑战胜国的行为。
双方倡导并推动建设相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的新型大国关系，指出中俄新型国家间关系超越冷战时期的军事政治同盟关系模式。两国友好没有止境，合作没有禁区，加强战略协作不针对第三国，也不受第三国和国际形势变幻影响。
The two sides reiterated that the international community should be united rather than divided, and should cooperate rather than confrontation.
The two sides oppose the return of international relations to the era of confrontation between major powers and the law of the jungle.
Oppose attempts to replace generally accepted arrangements and mechanisms that conform to international law with "small circle" rules formulated by individual countries and groups of countries, oppose the use of evasive solutions that have not reached consensus to solve international problems, oppose power politics, bullying, and unilateral sanctions and "Long Arm Jurisdiction", which opposes the abuse of export controls and supports and facilitates trade in compliance with WTO rules.
The two sides reiterated that they will strengthen foreign policy coordination, practice genuine multilateralism, strengthen cooperation within multilateral mechanisms, safeguard common interests, maintain the balance of power at the international and regional levels, and work together to improve global governance.
The two sides support and maintain the multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core, actively participate in the reform of the WTO, and oppose unilateralism and protectionism.
The two sides will strengthen dialogue, cooperation and position coordination on economic and trade issues of common concern, contribute to ensuring the long-term and stable operation of global and regional industrial and supply chains, and promote the establishment of a more open, inclusive, transparent, and non-discriminatory international economic and trade rules system.
The two sides support the G20 to play the role of the main forum for international economic cooperation and an important platform for crisis response, and jointly promote the G20 to carry forward the spirit of solidarity and cooperation in the international fight against the epidemic, the recovery of the world economy, the promotion of inclusive and sustainable development, and the improvement of a fair and reasonable global environment. We will play a leading role in the economic governance system and other aspects, and work together to address global challenges.
The two sides support the BRICS countries to deepen their strategic partnership, expand cooperation in the three major directions of political security, economy, trade and finance, and people-to-people and cultural exchanges, promote cooperation in scientific and technological innovations such as public health, digital economy, and artificial intelligence, and improve the level of BRICS international cooperation.
The two sides are committed to the "BRICS+" model and the BRICS Dialogue as an effective dialogue mechanism with developing countries and emerging market countries, regional integration mechanisms and organizations.
The Russian side will fully support the Chinese side in its work as the BRICS presidency in 2022, and jointly promote the 14th BRICS leaders' meeting to achieve fruitful results.
The two sides will comprehensively enhance and further enhance the role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and promote the construction of a multi-polar world pattern based on recognized norms of international law, multilateralism, equality, common, indivisible, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security.
The two sides believe that it is crucial to implement the consensus on improving the response of SCO member states to security challenges and threats, and to this end both sides support the expansion of the functions of the SCO regional anti-terrorist agency.
The two sides will promote the improvement and upgrading of the economic cooperation among the SCO member states, continue to strengthen cooperation among the member states in areas of common interest such as trade, industry, transportation, energy, finance, investment, agriculture, customs, telecommunications, innovation, etc. Saving, energy saving, green technology application.
The two sides pointed out that the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization Member States Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreement on Safeguarding International Information Security" (signed on June 16, 2009) and the cooperation within the framework of the SCO Member States International Information Security Expert Group have achieved fruitful results. The "2022-2023 Cooperation Plan for SCO Member States to Ensure International Information Security" was approved by the Council of Heads of State of the SCO Member States in Dushanbe on the 17th.
The two sides believe that the significance of people-to-people and cultural cooperation to the development of the SCO is constantly increasing.
The two sides will further deepen cooperation in culture, education, science and technology, health, environmental protection, tourism, personnel exchanges and sports among SCO member states, and enhance mutual understanding among the people of the member states.
The two sides will continue to consolidate the role of APEC as the main multilateral economic dialogue platform in the region, strengthen collaboration in the implementation of the APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040, and build free, open, fair, non-discriminatory, transparent and predictable regional trade Investment environment, focusing on strengthening the response to the new crown pneumonia epidemic, promoting economic recovery, promoting digital transformation in various fields, revitalizing the economy of remote areas, and supporting APEC and other regional multilateral organizations to carry out cooperation in the above areas.
The two sides will continue to carry out cooperation within the framework of the China-Russia-India mechanism, and strengthen cooperation in platforms such as the East Asia Summit, the ASEAN Regional Forum, and the ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting Plus.
China and Russia support ASEAN's centrality in East Asian cooperation, continue to strengthen coordination on deepening cooperation with ASEAN, jointly promote cooperation in public health, sustainable development, counter-terrorism and combating transnational crimes, and strengthen ASEAN's role as a key component of the regional architecture .
February 4, 2022 in Beijing