This year, we devote ourselves to drawing a better education blueprint
2021 is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan".
The "Outline" of the "14th Five-Year Plan" has made comprehensive arrangements for the construction of a high-quality education system.
The basic idea is based on the fundamental task of Lide-building, the theme of promoting high-quality development, the main line of deepening the supply-side structural reform, and the fundamental driving force of reform and innovation.
Education affects thousands of households.
The development of high-quality education means that every child can enjoy a fair and quality education, so that every child has the opportunity to excel in life.
From basic education to higher education, from vocational education to lifelong education, a grand education blueprint is slowly unfolding.
Implementation of the "Preschool Promotion Plan"
Improve the level of pre-school education inclusive benefit and the quality of care and education
After 10 years of rapid development, pre-school education has achieved the goal of universal benefit.
In December of this year, nine departments including the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance issued the "14th Five-Year Plan" Action Plan for Preschool Education Development and Promotion (hereinafter referred to as the "Preschool Promotion Plan").
With the implementation of the three-child policy, the regional and structural shortage of inclusive resources still exists. On the basis of consolidating the achievements of universal inclusiveness, it is necessary to further break the bottleneck that restricts the preschool education system and mechanism, and improve the inclusive preschool The education guarantee mechanism has continuously improved the universal and inclusive level of preschool education, and comprehensively improved the quality of kindergarten care and education.
The "Preschool Promotion Plan" has made arrangements for the overall goal of the reform and development of preschool education during the 14th Five-Year Plan: By 2025, the public service system for preschool education that covers urban and rural areas, has a reasonable layout, and is inclusive of public welfare will be further improved.
Specifically, the national gross enrollment rate in the three years before school reaches more than 90%, the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens reaches more than 85%, and the proportion of children in public kindergartens reaches more than 50%; the inclusive preschool education guarantee mechanism has been further improved; The quality of nursery education in kindergartens has been comprehensively improved, and a scientific linkage mechanism between kindergartens and primary schools has basically taken shape.
In order to further strengthen the standardized management of kindergartens, the "Pre-school Promotion Plan" pointed out that for kindergartens with serious misconducts such as child abuse, corporal punishment and disguised corporal punishment, the annual inspection will be rejected by one vote.
Issued the "Guidelines for Compulsory Education Evaluation"
Reversing the bad tendency of only grades and only entering higher education
In March, the Ministry of Education and other six departments issued the "Guidelines for Evaluation of Compulsory Education" (hereinafter referred to as the "Evaluation Guidelines"), and issued a three-level compulsory education quality evaluation index system at the county, school, and student levels.
On the whole, the compulsory education quality evaluation index system is built around the orientation of quality education and around reversing the bad tendency of only scores and only entering higher education.
Specifically, in the county-level compulsory education quality evaluation system, the "Evaluation Guide" proposes that "the school will not be assigned indicators for advancement, and schools, principals and teachers will not be evaluated solely by the rate of advancement." Hype up the key points of examinations such as the number one student in the college entrance examination and the rate of entering a higher education. In the evaluation of school quality, it is clearly stated that the number of exams must be strictly controlled, and the test scores and rankings shall not be announced. , It depends on the overall status of the school’s running quality and its annual changes; in the evaluation of the quality of student development, the first is a comprehensive evaluation from the five aspects of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, and labor. Even in the evaluation of students’ academic development, It is not limited to academic evaluation, but emphasizes students' study habits and innovative spirit, laying the foundation for students' comprehensive quality and life-long development.
Relevant experts pointed out that one of the highlights of the "Evaluation Guidelines" is that it clearly emphasizes that the quality of student development is the core of the quality evaluation of compulsory education, highlights the implementation of the fundamental tasks of Lide Shuren, and establishes a way to develop quality education and promote students. Comprehensive development-oriented scientific evaluation system.
Introduced a series of "double reduction" policies
Standardize off-campus training and education returns to campus
The "double reduction" policy to reduce the burden of students' homework and off-campus training in compulsory education is one of the biggest hot topics in the education field this year.
The "double reduction" policy is a major measure to strengthen the role of school education as the main position, deepen the governance of off-campus training institutions, build a good education ecology, and promote the overall development and healthy growth of students.
In July, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Compulsory Education Students’ Homework and Off-campus Training", which pointed out that strict governance should be adhered to and the conduct of off-campus training should be fully regulated; local authorities no longer approve new aspects. Subject-based off-campus training institutions for students in the compulsory education stage, existing subject-based training institutions are uniformly registered as non-profit institutions, online subject-based institutions are changed to an approval system, subject-based training institutions are not allowed to be listed for financing, and capitalized operations are strictly prohibited. Non-discipline training institutions set standards and strictly approved; regulate training service behaviors, establish training content filing and supervision systems, and off-campus training institutions shall not occupy national statutory holidays, rest days, and winter and summer vacations to organize subject training.
After that, a series of documents were issued and a series of measures were implemented: standardizing off-campus training materials, strengthening supervision of fees for subject-based off-campus training during the compulsory education stage, stipulating that fees for off-campus training should be managed by the government, and conducting scientific division of subject-based training and non-disciplinary training. ...
The school began to provide extensive after-school services to meet the diverse needs of students; at the same time, it focused on improving the quality of the classroom, giving full play to the role of the main campus educating people, so that students can "feed" in the school.
Experts pointed out that only by further balancing the allocation of resources, improving the quality of education, and narrowing the education gap, while highlighting the orientation of quality education, optimizing education evaluation methods, and deepening the reform of the high school entrance examination, can we fundamentally relieve the education anxiety of all sectors of society and effectively reduce the number of students and students. The so-called "rigid needs" of their parents in "replenishing the difference and training the excellent".
Pass the Family Education Promotion Act
Elevate traditional family affairs to important national affairs
In October, the 31st meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress passed the "Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as the Family Education Promotion Law), which will be implemented in January 2022.
This makes family education no longer just a family affair.
The Family Education Promotion Law defines family education as the nurturing, guidance and influence of parents or other guardians on minors.
It stipulates that the main contents of family education are: cultivating the Chinese nation’s sense of community and family-nation feelings, good social ethics, family virtues and personal morality; cultivating scientific exploration and innovation consciousness, good study habits and behavior habits, etc.
The methods of family education mainly include: strengthening parent-child companionship, giving play to the roles of both parents, precepts and deeds, respect for differences, and equal exchanges.
The most critical subject of family education is the parents, who must teach their children the "first lesson in life".
However, being a good parent is not easy, and parents also need guidance and help.
The Ministry of Education pointed out that all localities should promote schools to incorporate family education guidance services into school work plans, establish and improve family education steering committees, parent schools, family committees, school open days, parent meetings, home visits and other working mechanisms; to provide family education guidance services As the content of professional training for teachers, improve teachers' ability and level to carry out family education; strengthen professional guidance for family education work, play the role of expert guidance, promote the improvement of the home-school-community linkage and cooperation mechanism, and form an effective model of home-school-community collaborative education ; It is necessary to cooperate with the Women’s Federation and other departments to promote the construction of a family education guidance service system covering urban and rural areas, relying on parent schools and family education guidance service sites, and actively provide support for public welfare family education guidance service activities.
8 provinces and cities start the new college entrance examination
The reform of college entrance examinations continues to deepen
In 2021, the new college entrance examination will be officially launched in the third batch of 8 provinces and cities nationwide that have entered the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination.
On January 31, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice of the Ministry of Education on Doing a Good Job in the Enrollment of General Colleges and Universities in 2021", proposing to deepen the reform of college entrance examinations.
In the 2021 college entrance examination, we must insist on establishing morality and fostering people, and strengthen the examination and guidance of the comprehensive development of students' morality, intelligence, physical education, and labor.
It is necessary to optimize the situational design, enhance the openness and flexibility of the test questions, give full play to the educating function and positive guiding role of the college entrance examination propositions, and guide the reduction of rote memorization and the phenomenon of "mechanical brushing".
This year’s college entrance examination, Fujian, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Hunan, Hebei, Liaoning, and Chongqing have implemented the “3+1+2” model: 3 mandatory subjects, Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language each with a full score of 150 points, and 1 subject For the first choice subject, the candidate chooses one of the two subjects of physics and history; two more subjects, and the candidate chooses two more subjects among the four subjects of ideology and politics, geography, chemistry, and biology.
After the college entrance examination, it is a "complex" voluntary application process.
With the in-depth implementation of the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, candidates can fill in more and more volunteers. In some areas, there are even hundreds of volunteer combinations.
Educational departments, examination institutions, and colleges and universities in various regions have also organized a special action to "strengthen test takers' voluntary reporting and guidance services" after the test, and provide various forms of guidance services for the majority of test takers.
Start a new round of undergraduate education and teaching evaluation
Get rid of the "five wei" stubborn illness, guide teachers to concentrate on teaching
In 2021, a new round of undergraduate education and teaching review and evaluation has begun.
This is a new round of review and evaluation initiated by the Ministry of Education in the context of the education strategy to strengthen the country following the overall completion of the 2014-2018 review and evaluation. It is a hard-working move to deepen the reform of education evaluation in the new era and further promote the reform of education supervision.
The evaluation index system pays attention to the bottom line to promote development, which not only reflects the will of the country, but also leaves enough space for the school to develop; through the modular design of qualitative indicators, for the first time set unified mandatory options, type mandatory options, characteristic options, and first evaluation limited options. Choose independently according to the requirements and the reality of running a school; adopt increasing quantitative indicators, set mandatory and optional options, the mandatory options meet the national bottom line requirements, and the optional options guide universities to develop their own characteristics and levels.
The person in charge of the Education Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Education pointed out that a major feature of the new round of review and evaluation is to resolutely eliminate the "five wei" stubborn diseases in the reform orientation.
In response to the "five wei" stubborn problems of universities in scientific research evaluation and talent evaluation, the evaluation plan comprehensively strengthens the review of school orientation, education process, student development, quality assurance system construction, etc., and guides teachers to devote themselves to teaching and educate people with peace of mind.
Focusing on the diversified needs of higher education in the popularization stage, the new round of review and evaluation adopts a flexible classification method, and divides the "ruler" by type, provides two types and four "evaluation packages", guides a group of universities to position themselves as world-class, and promotes one Batch universities are positioned to cultivate academic talents, and promote a batch of universities to cultivate applied talents.
The same type of norms are relatively long and short, and colleges and universities can independently select different types of norm data for comparative analysis, so as to further pinpoint their coordinates and development direction.
Interdisciplinary "independent portal"
Exploring a new path for cultivating compound talents
At the beginning of this year, interdisciplinary disciplines formally became the fourteenth discipline category in my country, and "Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering" and "National Security" became the first-level disciplines under this discipline category.
Interdisciplinary, finally "self-reliant."
Interdisciplinary integration is a major feature of the current development of science and technology, an important source of the emergence of new disciplines, an effective path for cultivating innovative talents, and an inherent demand for economic and social development.
The Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council has set up "interdisciplinary" categories, which are directly reflected in the subject and professional catalog, in order to enhance the recognition of interdisciplinary by the academic community, industry enterprises, and the public, and provide a better development channel and platform for interdisciplinary.
At the end of this year, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council issued the "Interdisciplinary Setting and Management Measures (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Administrative Measures") to explore standardized institutional arrangements for interdisciplinary development.
The "Management Measures" also gives a clear definition of interdisciplinary: interdisciplinary is based on the interdisciplinary, through in-depth integration, to create a series of new concepts, theories, and methods, to demonstrate a new epistemology and structure a new The knowledge structure forms a new and richer knowledge category, which already possesses various characteristics of mature disciplines.
This is the first time that the interdisciplinary connotation has been clearly defined in the policy documents related to academic degrees.
The "Administrative Measures" establishes a mechanism to explore pilot projects first and then enter the catalog after maturity. The degree-authorized independent review unit will independently carry out interdisciplinary setting pilot projects in accordance with procedures, try first, and explore new paths for the cultivation of compound innovative talents.
On this basis, it also clarified the application conditions and demonstration procedures for the inclusion of the pilot cross-discipline into the catalog, and strictly controlled the quality.
Set up undergraduate-level vocational education majors
Improve the quality of training and bring up craftsmen from a major country in the new era
Undergraduate level vocational education is an important content of the modern vocational education system, and it is also an objective requirement to adapt to industrial transformation and upgrading.
Prior to this, nine departments including the Ministry of Education issued the "Action Plan for Improving the Quality of Vocational Education (2020-2023)", taking the undergraduate-level vocational education pilot project as an important task reflecting the characteristics of vocational education, and improving the vertical integration and horizontal integration of China An important part of the characteristic modern vocational education system.
This year, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Administrative Measures for the Establishment of Vocational Education Majors at the Undergraduate Level (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures").
The study and formulation of undergraduate-level vocational education majors is the basic work to improve the national teaching standard system for vocational education, systematically strengthen professional construction, scientifically and effectively guide expectations, and ensure the stability and long-term development of undergraduate-level vocational education pilot projects.
The person in charge of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education stated that in the process of developing the "Measures", the general idea of "three highs, two connecting, and three unchanged" was adhered to: "three highs", that is, undergraduate level vocational education is The high level of vocational education, high starting point and high standard construction of a group of majors, through long-term training, provide high-level, high-level technical and technical personnel support for industrial transformation and upgrading.
"Two connections", that is, pay attention to the connection with the management methods of the professional setting of secondary vocational and higher vocational colleges, and the connection with the setting standards of undergraduate-level vocational schools and related evaluation plans.
The "three constants" means that the type of vocational education remains unchanged in the direction of running a school, the technical skills and talents remain unchanged in the orientation of training, and the integration of production and education and the cooperation between school and enterprise remain unchanged in the training model.
At the end of this year, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Doing a Good Job in the Authorization and Awarding of Bachelor Degrees in Vocational Schools at the Undergraduate Level", incorporating vocational undergraduates into the existing bachelor's degree work system.
Standardize non-academic education and training
Encourage adult education to be more authentic
The off-campus training in the compulsory education stage has been strictly regulated, so today, when lifelong learning is advocated for all people, the non-academic education and training for adults also needs to be further regulated.
In July, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the “Notice on Strengthening the Management of Adult Education and Training in Society”, which strengthened the management of such types of education in 10 aspects including adhering to the correct direction, regulating the use of names, strict enrollment management, selecting good training content, and optimizing the teaching team. Training management.
The notice pointed out that social adult education and training institutions must not conduct false advertising and publicity when enrolling students, conceal or confuse the nature of the institution, and must not set discriminatory conditions on the basis of gender, ethnicity, religion, identity, and asset scale. match.
It is strictly forbidden to engage in "small circles" and "small groups" in the name of education and training.
The Ministry of Education has also regulated the holding of non-academic education in ordinary colleges and universities, emphasizing that colleges and universities should fully implement the main responsibility of running schools, prohibiting colleges and universities from entrusting off-campus institutions to enroll students as agents, and strictly controlling non-academic education cooperation in running schools.
For the continuing education of higher education, the management of advertising is strengthened.
Relevant regulations are clear that false and illegal content such as "no need to learn", "no need to attend class" and other false and illegal content shall not appear in advertisements, and "quick evidence", "exemption from exams" and "no refunds" and other promises that express or imply guarantee the effectiveness of education are not allowed. ; The relationship between self-study examination assistance activities and the academic education of the main examination school must not be blurred; the nature of non-academic higher education institutions such as technician colleges, specialized training colleges, and research and training colleges must not be confused with the nature of universities that conduct academic education.
Take multiple measures to strengthen the construction of the teaching team
Let college teachers teach safely, adequately and happily
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to understand the extreme importance of teacher work from a strategic perspective, and to strengthen the construction of the teaching team as a basic work.
According to the latest statistics, the total number of teachers in my country has reached 17,929,700, an increase of 609,400 or 3.52% over the previous year.
Among them, college teachers increased by 5.34%.
At the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Education and other six departments issued the "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Reform of Building the Teaching Staff of Colleges and Universities in the New Era", and put forward 20 key measures.
The opinions pointed out that it is necessary to fully implement the autonomy of employing people in colleges and universities, issue guidance on the reform of the professional title system of colleges and universities, improve the evaluation standards for professional titles of teachers, set evaluation indicators in classification, and determine evaluation methods; highlight quality orientation and focus on evaluating teachers based on ability, performance and contribution. To get rid of the "five wei" and the paper "SCI is supreme", it is necessary to implement an income distribution policy oriented to increase the value of knowledge, expand the autonomy of salary distribution in colleges and universities, and explore the establishment of a salary system that meets the characteristics of colleges and universities; in ensuring the normal adjustment of basic salary levels On this basis, reasonably determine the salary and income level of college teachers, and increase the preference for higher-level talent-intensive colleges and universities that undertake heavy teaching and scientific research tasks; implement the autonomy of internal allocation of colleges and universities, and bear the urgent needs of teachers who have roots in teaching and outstanding performance Teachers who have difficult tasks and have made outstanding contributions, as well as teachers who are engaged in basic frontier research and national defense science and technology fields.
Our reporter Zhang Galun