The administration of US President Joe Biden to return to the 2015 nuclear agreement with Iran stipulated that Tehran first return to its commitments under the agreement that former US President Donald Trump withdrew from in May 2018.
On the other hand, Iran demands that the United States take the initiative to return to the agreement, and threatens to continue reducing its commitments, after it raised in 2020 the permissible percentage of uranium enrichment to 20% from 3%, stressing at the same time the necessity of lifting sanctions.
The agreement that the European Union and Russia seek to revive, reached by Iran with the "5 + 1" group in 2015, regulates the lifting of sanctions imposed on Tehran for decades, and allows it to export and import weapons, in exchange for preventing it from developing nuclear missiles and accepting visits to its nuclear sites, and it comes as a complement to the agreement Lausanne.
The following are the main provisions of the nuclear agreement:
The European Commission for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini announced that negotiators on Iran's nuclear program reached an agreement during the meeting held in Vienna, Austria on July 14, 2015.
She stressed that the agreement and its annexes will be submitted to the UN Security Council for ratification, explaining that it will be implemented in coordination and full cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency.
The Iranian news agency reported that the agreement provided for the release of part of the Iranian assets frozen abroad.
The agency was keen to clarify that the country's nuclear facilities will continue to operate, and that "none of them will stop or be disposed of... Iran will continue enrichment. Research and development of centrifuges (IR6, IR-5, IR4 and IR8) will continue" for 10 years. years, “and in accordance with its plan for enrichment research and development activities.”
The Iranians stated that the arms embargo will be lifted, and will be replaced by new restrictions, so that Tehran will be able to import and export weapons on the basis of estimating each case.
According to the Iranians, European and American economic and financial sanctions against Iran will be lifted when the agreement is implemented.
Diplomats stressed that the agreement stipulates the return of sanctions on Iran within 65 days in the event of non-compliance, and calls for allowing the United Nations access to all of Iran's nuclear sites.
The UN arms embargo on Iran will last for 5 years, just as the ban on missile sales will last for 8 years.
The agreement allows Tehran to export nuclear products such as enriched uranium, and sources told Al Jazeera that it also provides for the unfreezing of billions of Iranian assets abroad.
It also allows the inspectors to enter suspicious sites, including military sites, and Iran may postpone their entry or file a complaint with an arbitral tribunal to which it is a party.
A statement by the European Union revealed the details of the agreement, among the most important details it mentioned:
Uranium enrichment
Iran pledges to use the old IR-1 centrifuges to enrich uranium for 10 years, during which time the number of centrifuges in the Natanz reactor will be limited to 5,060, and the excess centrifuges will be placed in warehouses under Monitoring by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Tehran will use IR-4, IR-5 and IR-6 ve centrifuges in research and development over the next ten years, based on the Detailed terms in the agreement, and Iran will not resort to isotope separation technology in the uranium enrichment process, and will enrich uranium only with IR-1 reactors, and pledges not to combine two centrifuges, and it has the right to replace disabled centrifuges. With centrifuges of the same model only.
Tehran will not be able to enrich uranium to more than 3.67% within 15 years, and that is only at the Natanz site, and it will not be able to enrich uranium in the Fordow reactor (underground and immune to attacks), which will be converted into a reactor for scientific research, provided that experiments are carried out inside it. In coordination with the international community.
Iran's stockpiles of enriched uranium will be determined in the next 15 years, at 300 kilograms, with an enrichment rate of no more than 3.67%, provided that Iran sells the excess amount to international customers, and the percentage of uranium used as nuclear fuel in reactors will not be within the specified percentage.
Russia will supervise the provision of nuclear fuel, and Iran will use 20% enriched uranium in reactors designated for scientific research, and will convert it into nuclear fuel.
Heavy water reactors
Converting the heavy-water Arak reactor (it is feared that it will produce platinum used in nuclear weapons) to work with light water, and this will be done unanimously by all parties in the future, and a joint committee will be formed on the matter.
The Arak reactor will be converted into a reactor with peaceful purposes for scientific research, and its capacity will not exceed 20 megawatts, and it will be able to produce radioisotope batteries.
During the next 15 years, Iran will not build any heavy water reactors and will not store heavy water, and will sell the surplus in international markets.
spent fuel
In the next 15 years, Iran will not engage in any spent-fuel related activities except for the production of radioisotope batteries.
Iran pledges to ratify the IAEA's Additional Protocol on "intrusive" inspections, to give the necessary permits to IAEA inspectors, and to allow the inspectors to remain in its territory for an extended period of time.
lift sanctions
In return for Iran's commitments, the other parties pledge to lift all sanctions against Iran, including those imposed by the United Nations, in parallel with the reports of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the United States of America and the European Union pledge not to impose any new embargo on Iran.
All parties undertake to respect the provisions of the agreement and not to take any step that harms the agreement and its objectives.
In the event of a difference during the application of the agreement
The joint committee composed of all parties considers any dispute that arises in the implementation phase of the agreement for a period of 15 days, and if the committee is unable to solve it, the problem is referred to the foreign ministers. .
In the event that the dispute continues, the matter will be referred to the Security Council, which in turn will vote to lift or continue the embargo imposed on Iran.
In the event that the Security Council fails to pass any resolution, United Nations sanctions will be re-imposed on Tehran.