A new chapter of science and technology independence and self-reliance (China Economic Observation 2021)
In the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", my country's scientific and technological innovations have been reported frequently——
Flying over deep space, Tianwen-1 successfully detected the fire.
In May of this year, my country’s first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1, successfully landed on Mars, and my country’s first Mars rover, Zhurong, left China’s mark on the surface of Mars;
The dream palace is built, and the Shenzhou spacecraft continues to soar into the sky.
The Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 manned space missions have been implemented one after another. The Chinese entered their own space station for the first time, and will also create the longest space residence record for astronauts in my country. The vast starry sky witnesses the self-confidence of the great powers;
To record a new high, the "artificial sun" continues to "burn".
On May 28, the all-superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device "burned" for 101 seconds at a temperature of 120 million degrees Celsius, which extended the original world record by 5 times.
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The “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centuries of Struggle” passed by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, “the Party has persisted in implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and regarded technological independence and self-reliance as a national Strategic support for development".
On May 28 this year, at the 20th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 10th National Congress of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, General Secretary Xi Jinping made an important speech and emphasized: "Based on the new stage of development, To implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development, we must thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, and the strategy of innovation-driven development, improve the national innovation system, accelerate the construction of a science and technology power, and achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance."
Based on a new stage, set sail for a new journey.
Since the beginning of this year, my country’s scientific and technological undertakings have accelerated their development, the innovation system has been improved, the innovation environment has been continuously optimized, and their innovation capabilities have been significantly enhanced. The vast number of scientific and technological workers have courageously climbed, and scientific and technological innovation has provided strong support for building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development.
The "2021 Global Innovation Index Report" released by the World Intellectual Property Organization shows that my country's comprehensive ranking of innovation capabilities has risen to the 12th place in the world.
Major innovations are emerging, and scientific and technological innovation capabilities continue to improve
The "Xihe" exploration of the sun achieved a breakthrough in zero solar exploration, the "Zuchongzhi No. 2" superconducting quantum computing prototype came out, and the high-altitude cosmic ray observatory was put into scientific operation... In the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", my country continued to advance Fundamental research and key core technology research, major innovation results are emerging, scientific and technological innovation capabilities continue to improve, and strides forward on the new journey of achieving scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance.
New progress has been continuously made in the field of basic research.
Using carbon dioxide as a raw material, it does not rely on plant photosynthesis, and directly artificially synthesizes starch-a scene that seems to be science fiction, which has been turned into a real scene in the laboratory by Chinese scientists.
The Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has realized the de novo synthesis of carbon dioxide into starch in the laboratory for the first time in the world, and it has been recognized by experts in the field at home and abroad as a "typical original breakthrough from 0 to 1".
"Basic research capabilities are the source of the country's innovation vitality. The level of basic research determines the foundation and stamina of a country's scientific and technological innovation. Strong basic research is the prerequisite and foundation for China to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance." Ye, Director, Department of Basic Research, Ministry of Science and Technology Yujiang said.
Over the past year, my country has continued to make efforts to invest in major national scientific and technological infrastructure, and the successes are encouraging.
In Haizi Mountain, Sichuan, a high-altitude cosmic ray observatory discovered a large number of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray accelerators in the Milky Way for the first time, breaking through the traditional human cognition of particle acceleration in the Milky Way, and ushering in the era of “ultra-high energy gamma astronomy”.
In recent years, my country has placed basic research in an increasingly important position.
In 2020, the proportion of basic research funding to R&D funding will exceed 6% for the first time.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, this proportion is expected to reach over 8%.
It is foreseeable that the emphasis on basic research will effectively lead our country's original innovations and achieve more and more breakthroughs "from 0 to 1."
New breakthroughs were achieved in key core technologies.
On the morning of September 12, at Shidao Bay, Rongcheng, Shandong, the sky was light with light clouds and the sea breeze was blowing. The world's first modular pebble bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant demonstration project No. 1 reactor reached criticality for the first time, and the unit officially entered the "continuous nuclear reaction" state.
This is one of the preferred reactor types for the fourth-generation nuclear energy technology recognized by the industry. It marks that my country has made a leap from following to leading the world in the field of advanced nuclear energy technology characterized by inherent safety.
In 2021, the vast majority of scientific researchers in my country will be determined to be confident in innovation and accelerate breakthroughs in key core technologies.
"We must be determined to conquer and master the core technologies in key areas, and firmly control the initiative of competition and development in our own hands." said Pan Jiaofeng, dean of the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The support of scientific and technological innovation elements is more powerful.
The way of innovation is to win people.
When the Zhurong rover sailed on the surface of Mars, the beautiful "butterfly" shape was stunning.
Such a design that takes into account engineering practicality and aesthetics comes from a young team of engineers.
Today's Chinese astronauts, with 80% of scientific researchers under 35 years old, are a veritable "youth team."
This is a microcosm of the continuous growth of our country's scientific research personnel.
In recent years, the element support of my country's scientific and technological innovation has become stronger.
The quantity and quality of scientific research personnel have increased, the R&D equipment has become increasingly sophisticated, and the R&D expenditure is second in the world.
Hu Zhijian, Dean of the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said: "The conditions for innovation in my country are no longer what they used to be. As long as we continue to carry forward the spirit of self-reliance and hard work, and unswervingly follow the road of independent innovation, we will surely be able to achieve scientific and technological independence. Self-improvement."
Technological innovation promotes high-quality development and generates new development momentum
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that insisting on innovation is at the core of the overall situation of my country's modernization drive.
High-quality development is innovation-driven development, and innovation is the first driving force for high-quality development.
To accelerate the evolution of the world's major changes unseen in a century, to cultivate opportunities in crises and to open new games in the changes, it is necessary to give full play to the supporting and leading role of technological innovation.
Since the beginning of this year, my country has adhered to the core position of innovation in the overall modernization drive. Technological innovation and economic development have been closely integrated, forging long boards and making up for shortcomings, from core technology to high-end industries, innovation and entrepreneurship press the fast forward button, and innovation-driven Connotative growth is empowering and accelerating high-quality development.
The development of strategic emerging industries is accelerating, and the momentum of high-end industries is surging.
Speedy!
my country's high-speed maglev transportation system with completely independent intellectual property rights officially rolled off the assembly line this year. It ran at a speed of 600 kilometers per hour in China, indicating that my country has mastered the full set of technology and engineering capabilities of the constant-conducting high-speed maglev.
In 2021, the development of my country's strategic emerging industries will accelerate, and good news will continue.
The first domestically produced large aircraft production test flight center was completed; the "Hualong One" autonomous three-generation nuclear power unit was put into commercial operation; the production and sales of new energy vehicles hit a record high; the global industry voice of LCD panels continues to increase; consumer drones account for more than half The global market; the establishment of 5G (fifth generation mobile communication technology) base stations accounted for more than 70% of the world, and the number of 5G terminal connections reached 450 million. A series of new inventions, new technologies, and new products are accelerating the formation of a new engine for high-quality development , Promote the industry to move towards mid-to-high end.
The innovation chain industry chain is deeply integrated, and the main role of enterprise innovation is prominent.
"The research and development of new nano heat insulation materials has won the first opportunity for enterprise development." said Liu Sida, assistant to the general manager of Aobo Particle Research Institute of Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Jiangxi. With the support of Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone, the company built its own R&D organization , Regard innovation as the lifeline of enterprise development, greatly enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises.
In recent years, the dominant position of my country's enterprises in technological innovation has been continuously strengthened, and innovation elements have accelerated to converge in enterprises.
What is particularly gratifying is that a number of innovative enterprises with international competitiveness have accelerated their development and growth, and are increasingly playing the role of a new force in technological innovation.
Taking the deep learning platform "Baidu Fei Pad" as an example, it has gathered 3.7 million developers and trained 425,000 models. The gap between my country's artificial intelligence "root" technology and the international advanced level is narrowing.
Behind the "Baidu Flying Paddle" is the National Engineering Laboratory of Deep Learning Technology and Application, which was established by Baidu in conjunction with Tsinghua, Beihang University, the Fourth Academy of Electronics, and the Institute of Information and Communication Technology.
Such an innovative consortium has become a booster for the accelerated development of artificial intelligence in my country.
As of the end of June this year, there were 270,000 domestic companies with valid invention patents, an increase of 24,000 from the end of the previous year; among them, 126,000 were high-tech companies, which accounted for 62.3% of the total number of valid invention patents for domestic companies.
Through the "last mile", the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into actual productivity has been accelerated.
"Universities have results, enterprises have needs, and the channel for the transfer and transformation of results can be unblocked, and the transformation from cutting-edge technology to advanced productivity can be realized." said Wang Ke, assistant to the dean of the School of Materials, Tsinghua University and deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Technology In March of this year, the People’s Government of Tongxiang City, Zhejiang Province, the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University, and the Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Tsinghua University of Zhejiang jointly initiated the establishment of Wuzhen Laboratory, focusing on the key common core technologies in the development of the materials industry, and jointly building a platform for transfer and transformation of results. The "last mile" of industrial transformation allows scientific research results to accelerate from the laboratory to the production line.
At West Lake University, which has just been established for three years, a number of patents have completed technology transfer and achievement transformation this year.
From red blood cell therapy technology, proteomics analysis to AI (artificial intelligence) new drug research and development, more than a dozen high-tech companies have emerged.
Since the beginning of this year, my country's intellectual property protection system has been improved, the incentive policy oriented by knowledge value has been implemented in depth, and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements has continued to be active.
From January to October, 583,000 invention patents were authorized in my country, and investment in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements increased by 13.6%.
In the land of China, scientific and technological innovation has given rise to strong kinetic energy everywhere.
Researchers go lightly, and their innovative vitality is further released
On the afternoon of October 26, when General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the National “Thirteenth Five-Year” Exhibition of Scientific and Technological Innovation Achievements, he said that the vast number of scientific and technological workers across the country should face the frontiers of world science and technology, the main economic battlefield, the major needs of the country, and the lives and health of the people. Be firm in innovation and self-confidence, seize opportunities for innovation, bravely climb technological peaks, solve development problems, consciously shoulder the glorious historical mission, accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and make new and greater contributions to building a world scientific and technological power and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation .
In the final analysis, achieving high-level technological independence and self-reliance depends on high-level innovative talents.
This year, my country’s scientific and technological system reform will continue to advance in depth, accelerate the construction of the world’s important talent centers and innovation highlands, continuously stimulate talent innovation potential, continue to release talent innovation vitality, and provide strong intellectual support for achieving technological self-reliance and self-reliance.
The evaluation of talents must be conducted at the same time, not only on thesis or academic qualifications, but on the ability to look at the contribution.
"With the contribution of rooting in the grassroots in 19 years and serving the frontline of production, I was rated as a researcher this year." Cui Fenggao, a 56-year-old peanut expert from the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, smiled happily.
Because he only has a college degree, Cui Fenggao has not been rated as a senior professional title for many years.
Unexpectedly, in August this year, the unit organized a competition for the "Break the Four Only" positions, regardless of academic qualifications to see contributions. The "soil expert" Cui Fenggao, who has been rooted all the year round, finally got his wish.
Since the beginning of this year, the special clean-up action of "papers, titles, academic qualifications, and awards only" has continued to advance, and the unreasonable evaluation system has been gradually abandoned. It is becoming the consensus of the scientific and technological community to discuss heroes with innovative value, ability, and contribution.
Under the new evaluation orientation, more and more researchers are devoted to scientific research, focusing on long-term, high-value original research, and striving to make more major breakthroughs in international cutting-edge research and key core technology research.
Fund management continues to be optimized, and scientific research autonomy is increasing.
"In the past, to apply for a project, it was difficult to submit financial budgets for different subjects. It was difficult to adjust midway. After the implementation of the'contract system', there is no need to prepare detailed expenses for the plan, and no longer need to be distracted by the trivial matters of buying how many test tubes." Chinese Academy of Sciences Shen Jun, a researcher at the Institute of Physics and Chemistry, said happily.
The management of scientific research funding continued to be optimized.
In August this year, the "Several Opinions on Reforming and Improving the Management of Central Financial Research Funds" was issued, giving scientific researchers greater funding management autonomy.
At the same time, the pilot project of the "contract system" of scientific research funds has been steadily advanced, and the coverage has been further expanded.
Researchers have said that with greater autonomy in scientific research, we have more confidence in exploring the unknown.
The management model of scientific research projects is innovated, and more talents stand out.
Innovation doesn't matter where you are from, the hero doesn't matter where you are from.
Since the beginning of this year, my country has been determined to reform the establishment and organization and management of major science and technology projects, and implemented new measures such as "revealing the rankings" and "horse racing", so that leading science and technology talents who want to work, can work, and do things will be in charge, so that there are real science and technology. The personnel are useful.
In May of this year, the Ministry of Science and Technology tried to "reveal the rankings" in the first batch of key special projects. There is no threshold for declaration, no registration time requirements for the unveiling unit, and no age, education and title requirements for the leader of the unveiling team. It encourages capable individuals. The team nominated themselves.
Tunghua Wanli Danshan Road, young phoenix is clear in old phoenix sound.
From top to bottom, more scientific research projects are tilted towards young scientific research talents.
Among the first batch of key special projects launched in the "14th Five-Year Plan", about 80% of the special projects plan to set up young scientist projects; the Chinese Association for Science and Technology Young Talents Support Project, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Young Talents Program... These "green channels" are for the growth of young talents. Provides a bigger stage.
The new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way has begun, and the clarion call for marching towards the second centenary goal has been sounded.
Standing at a new historical starting point, the vast number of scientific and technological workers adhere to the "four aspects" and bravely climb the peak of science and technology, and will surely make new and greater contributions to accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!
Our reporter Feng Hua Wu Yuehui Yu Sinan Gu Yekai