Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 29 (Reporters Zhou Wentao, Yan Rui, Wang Bo, Yuan Huijing, Zhan Yijia) Since the 13th National People’s Congress passed the decision to amend the Population and Family Planning Law in August this year, local populations have been launched in various places. Work with the revision of the family planning regulations, and intensively promulgated measures to encourage birth.
According to incomplete statistics, as of November 28, more than 20 provinces have completed or initiated amendments to the law. Among them, extending maternity leave, adding parental leave, and issuing subsidies have become frequent words.
The maternity leave is extended for 60 days in many places, and some places have subsidies for buying a house with two children and three children
According to the "Special Provisions on Labor Protection for Female Employees" formulated by the State Council, maternity leave for female employees is 98 days.
"Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter combed and found that compared with the "full two-child" period, most of the regulations revised in this round have further extended maternity leave, mostly by 60 days.
Zhejiang also stipulates the classification of the limits of maternity leave, clarifying that the maternity leave is extended by 60 days for the first child, and 90 days for the second and third child.
It is worth noting that the revised draft of the Shaanxi Province Family Planning Regulations proposes that female employees who give birth to three children will be given an additional six months of reward leave.
Parental leave is also a new bright spot.
The new version of the Population and Family Planning Law stipulates that the state supports the establishment of parental leave in places where conditions permit.
Many provinces have newly established parental leave based on this, and the number of days of leave is concentrated in 5 to 15 days per year.
Shanghai, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang and other places stipulate that both spouses can take parental leave every year before their children are 3 years old, and Anhui has relaxed it until 6 years old.
Chongqing has also set up two parental leave modes, and both spouses can choose flexibly according to their own circumstances.
In addition to improving the vacation system, some provinces are also setting up childcare subsidies in the amendment of the law.
Heilongjiang stipulates that the municipal and county-level people’s governments shall establish a childcare subsidy system for families who give birth to a second or more child in accordance with the law, and give appropriate preference to border areas and old revolutionary areas. The specific measures shall be formulated by the municipal and county-level people’s governments. Level finance can give appropriate subsidies.
Beijing stipulates that a family parenting subsidy system related to the number of children shall be established; families with a large number of underage children who apply for public rental housing can be included in the priority allocation and be given appropriate care in the selection of house types.
While revising the family planning regulations at the provincial level, some cities and counties have already launched "optional actions". The policies cover multiple channels such as improving childbirth services and reducing family burdens.
For example, Panzhihua, Sichuan, pays 500 yuan per child per month to households with two or three children in accordance with the policy; Shihezi, Xinjiang, pays 500 yuan and 1,000 for each child per month to households that meet the requirements for two or three children. Yuan childcare subsidy; Shandong Yantai stipulates that pregnant women with three children can be reimbursed for inspection fees of 1,000 Yuan.
It is worth noting that in some places, the scope of subsidies for childbearing families is wider.
In September this year, Linze County in Gansu issued the implementation opinions on optimizing the birth policy to promote the long-term balanced development of the population, and proposed 11 specific support measures including maternity allowances, childcare subsidies, childcare subsidies, and house purchase subsidies.
For example, for the permanent residents of Linze who have two or three children, it is stipulated that a government subsidy of 40,000 yuan will be given to the purchase of commercial houses in the urban area of the county, and 30,000 yuan will be given to the purchase of commercial houses in concentrated residential areas such as central market towns.
How do vacations and subsidies really land?
The families interviewed by the reporter in many places generally welcomed the supporting measures for childbirth, believing that they would help reduce the burden of parenting.
Ms. Yin from Nanchang, Jiangxi Province is a full-time mother. Recently, she has just applied for a three-child birth certificate online.
"It's very convenient! Apply on the official account the first day, and get it the next day." Ms. Yin said that her husband's nursing leave was also extended from 10 days to 30 days, so that she could spend more time with her during her confinement.
At the same time, many people are concerned about whether the policy can really be implemented.
Many local measures have stipulated the extension of maternity leave and parental leave, and some have also specified that wages, bonuses, and benefits are equal to those on-the-job employees during the leave.
"The policy is there, but companies will be more stringent on women of childbearing age when employing people, which means that women have greater difficulties in the workplace." A woman said frankly.
"Now marriage leave, maternity leave, and nursing leave are being extended. With the addition of new parental leave, if an employee of childbearing age has multiple births, his leave will last for dozens of months." said the person in charge of a small private enterprise in Sichuan. It is a test for the enterprise.
Huang Donghe, founder of the Shenzhen private think tank Intelhu, said that the implementation of the new policy is a significant increase in labor costs for most small and medium-sized enterprises.
Qu Wenyong, a professor in the Department of Sociology at Heilongjiang University, said that the actual implementation of policies requires consideration of the costs paid by enterprises.
Localities must not only supervise the implementation of the vacation system, but more importantly, build a reasonable vacation cost sharing mechanism so that employers are willing to support vacations and parents of infants and young children dare to take vacations.
Huang Xiaohua, a member of the Standing Committee of the Jiangxi Provincial People’s Congress and vice chairman of the Education, Science, Technology, Culture and Health Committee suggested that supervision and inspection of the implementation effects of the revised population and family planning regulations should be carried out. Promote the linkage between the government and relevant departments to promote the implementation of the three-child policy and supporting measures.
How are government subsidies in place?
Yan Keyi, director of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Linze County, Gansu Province, said that the subsidy funds will be included in the fiscal budget from 2022 and will be raised through multiple channels.
Recently, the local government has conducted a list of newborns born between the time the opinion was issued and the end of October. 74 families with newborns meet the conditions for the payment of maternity allowances and parenting allowances, which will be gradually distributed in the near future.
In response to individual regions that have issued monthly childcare subsidies to families with two and three children, experts believe that relevant measures should be implemented in accordance with local conditions.
"We must see that different regions have different levels of economic development and different social welfare facilities, which will also lead to unbalanced willingness to reproduce." Heilongjiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Zhao Kunyu said that when introducing policies, various regions should proceed from the actual situation of the region and avoid blindly following the trend or "one size fits all."
Look forward to supporting policies such as education, medical care, and housing continue to develop
In addition to expectations for government hard-core policies such as holidays and subsidies, many parents interviewed also expressed that they look forward to solving the problem of "dare to live but not raise"-the current policies are more concentrated in the field of childbirth, and they are still relatively more in terms of parenting. general.
Reporters have investigated in many places and found that the new generation of parents’ demand for infant childcare is increasing, but the number of childcare institutions is small, the price is higher, and the inclusive childcare institutions are scarce. Many families fall into the The dilemma of "I can't afford to give it away".
Chongqing citizen Xiao Zhang is the parent of a 1-year-old boy. Both husband and wife work full-time. Both parents are very old, and they are struggling to help with their children and are in urgent need of childcare services.
There is a neighboring community with good conditions, but it charges more than 5,000 yuan a month. "Our couple has a monthly income of more than 10,000 yuan, and we have to repay the mortgage. This price is unaffordable."
Dong Yuzheng, president of the Guangdong Provincial Population Development Research Institute, believes that stimulating willingness to raise is a systematic project that requires the understanding and participation of the entire society. It is necessary to dig into the “hard bones” of education, housing, and medical care to effectively reduce the burden on families with multiple children.
Professor Wang Like of Lanzhou University of Technology believes that increasing the supply of childcare services is one of the most pressing points at this stage. Employers and social forces should be strongly encouraged and supported to establish infant childcare service institutions to form full-day and half-day care. , Timed care and temporary care and other forms of service network.
Li Chao, a researcher at the Guangdong Institute of Population Development, and other experts suggested that education fairness and the supply of high-quality educational resources should be promoted, the principle of random allocation of degrees should be vigorously implemented, and the educational resources of each area should be more evenly distributed; and the implementation of differentiated personal tax credits should also be explored. Withholding and economic subsidy policies to establish a comprehensive fertility encouragement system from pregnancy health care to childbirth during pregnancy to the age of 18 or the end of academic education.
Experts also said that increasing medical investment and maintaining long-term stability of housing prices are key measures to reduce the direct cost of support. We should continue to promote the reform of the medical and health system to effectively reduce medical expenses, adhere to the positioning of "housing and not speculating", and build a healthy real estate market. Develop a long-term mechanism, improve the housing market system and housing security system, so that all people can live there.