Prevent large-scale demolition and large-scale construction, and actively and steadily implement urban renewal actions——
Let the city leave memories, let residents remember homesickness (policy interpretation)
“Before the trail was narrow and crowded, only two or three tables could be placed, and facilities such as sewers were not good, but now the environment is so much better, and tourists are in a constant stream!” Yinbo is the owner of the “Traditional Hot Pot” shop in Shancheng Alley, Chongqing This hot pot restaurant with recipes written on wooden door panels has been open for more than 30 years, full of fireworks.
Different from the demolition and reconstruction, the "micro-renewal" transformation of Shancheng Lane not only shows the original style of Chongqing's mountainous districts, but also upgrades the public facilities.
With the help of the designer's space transformation, the scale of "Taiwan Old Hot Pot" has been expanded from the original 4 tables to 14 tables.
my country's urban development has entered an important period of urban renewal, shifting from large-scale incremental construction to stock quality improvement and incremental structural adjustment.
At present, all localities are actively promoting the implementation of urban renewal actions, but there is a tendency for major demolition and construction and eagerness for quick success in some places.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development recently issued the "Notice on Preventing Major Demolition and Construction Issues in the Implementation of Urban Renewal Actions" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"), proposing that the implementation of urban renewal actions should comply with the laws of urban development, respect the wishes of the people, and use connotation Intensive, green and low-carbon development is the path to transform urban development and construction methods.
What is the background of the release of the "Notice"?
What are the highlights?
The reporter interviewed relevant persons in charge and experts of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.
Clarify the bottom line requirements to prevent re-taking the old road of extensive development and construction
At present, some cities continue to use extensive development and construction methods. Old urban areas are built higher and denser, increasing the burden of urban resources and the environment; some cities dismantle old buildings and relocate residents at will, cutting the historical context of the city and cutting off The homesickness memories of the residents have been lost; some cities have demolished contiguous old areas such as villages in the city for a short period of time and on a large scale, resulting in an imbalance between supply and demand in the housing rental market.
"In order to prevent localities from re-taking the old road of extensive urban development and construction, we issued the "Notice" on the basis of in-depth investigation and research and extensive consultation. One of the purposes is to clarify the bottom line requirements of urban renewal and correct deviations in time." Said Wang Ke, deputy director of the Department of Science and Technology.
In recent years, a consensus to promote the organic renewal of cities has gradually formed, but the understanding of "what is a major demolition and construction" and "how to determine the behavior of major demolition and construction" is still unclear.
Shi Xiaodong, president of the Beijing Urban Planning and Design Institute, believes that the "Notice" clearly defines the boundaries and bottom lines of urban renewal. It has both qualitative requirements and quantitative standards, and provides a basis for the next step to improve the policy tools for urban renewal management and control.
For example, the "Notice" enriches the connotation of preventing major demolition and construction in terms of the preservation of stock buildings, the overall carrying capacity of the area, the resettlement of residents, and the housing security system. It also mentions 4 quantitative indicators, including in principle urban renewal units (regions). ) Or the demolition building area in the project should not be greater than 20% of the current total building area, the demolition ratio should not be greater than 2, the residential resettlement rate should not be less than 50%, and the annual increase in urban housing rent should not exceed 5%, etc. , Which provides clearer and stricter quantitative indicators for related supervision.
Compared with the draft for soliciting opinions, the "Notice" specifically added the content of "strictly implement the shantytown renovation policy, and shall not carry out urban renewal in the name of shantytown renovation".
According to Wang Ke, this is mainly to clearly define the boundaries of shanty reforms, and to strictly control the reform in the name of shanty towns, and implement large-scale demolition and construction.
“Some local shed renovation projects dismantle historical buildings at will, and adopt a full-scale relocation model, which leads to the destruction of the urban landscape and the fragmentation of the original social structure.” Shi Xiaodong believes that this will help guide urban renewal to return to rationality, and also guide the return of shed reforms. Original intention.
Preventing major demolition and construction does not mean that there can be no demolition or additional construction.
The "Notice" takes into account the specific conditions of each city, and stipulates that the applicable scope of relevant bottom-line control indicators is urban renewal units (districts) or projects. "Some cities really need to build new areas, development zones, industrial parks, etc." Wang Ke said. .
In addition, according to the "Notice", the demolition of "illegal buildings and buildings that have been identified as dangerous by professional institutions and have no repair and preservation value" does not belong to major demolition and construction.
Under the premise of ensuring safety, it is allowed to appropriately increase the building area for the complete transformation of housing, the construction of affordable rental housing, and the improvement of public service facilities and infrastructure.
Promote the transition from "development mode" to "business model"
"Urban renewal is not only the renewal of physical space, but also the spiritual content such as the inheritance of history and culture, and the unique geographical environment, cultural characteristics, architectural style and other'genes' of the city should be preserved." Wang Kai, Dean of China Urban Planning and Design Institute It is believed that the "Notice" mentioned that the "retention, reform and demolition" should be promoted simultaneously, and the priority should be reserved for utilization and promotion.
From the past "demolition, reform and retention" to "retention, reform and demolition," putting "retention" in the first place, and implementing small-scale, gradual organic renewal and micro-reconstruction will help the historical heritage, neighborhood relations, social structure, etc. inherited.
How to stick to what should be kept, and spare no effort to preserve the memory of the city?
The "Notice" proposes that one is to retain and use existing buildings.
Do not move or demolish historical buildings and old buildings with protection value at will, and do not get rid of disrepair, repairs without use, and long-term idleness.
The second is to maintain the scale of the old city pattern.
Encourage the use of "embroidery" kung fu to repair, darn and update old factory areas, old commercial areas, and old residential areas.
The third is to continue the characteristic style of the city.
Put an end to the chaos of "greed for big, foreign and strange", and strictly forbid architectural plagiarism, imitation, and copycat behavior.
Encourage the use of local building materials and forms to build urban buildings that reflect regional characteristics, national characteristics, and the style of the times.
"The "Notice" stands at the height of cultural inheritance and emphasizes the protection of all elements of existing buildings, historical and cultural blocks in urban renewal, and directly'names' many situations that destroy the city's style and history and culture, drawing a red line." Shi Xiaodong believes .
What is the implementation path of urban renewal?
The "Notice" mentioned that it is necessary to encourage the promotion of the transition from "development mode" to "business model", and explore the sustainable model of urban renewal under government guidance, market operation, and public participation.
In Wang Kai's view, the "development method" is mainly to make quick money through scale expansion and obtain short-term benefits and economic benefits, which can easily lead to an excess of the real estate market and destroy the unique pattern and culture of the city.
The "business model" is embodied as "long-term investment and long-term operation", mainly relying on operations to make slow money, behind it is the industrial services and consumption upgrade services provided.
Listening to authentic Sichuan opera in Meihua Opera and tasting special food in Xiangxiang Alley... In the past two years, Mengchai Bay in Chengdu, Sichuan, has transformed from the "old street" with old factories and old dormitories along the coast to a popular spot for night markets.
"The project adopts the cooperation model of'general contracting + operation', introducing Vanke as the main operating entity, transforming the purchasing and storing assets, and obtaining a certain income through investment promotion and operation, balancing transformation investment, and increasing the enthusiasm of market entities to participate." According to the person in charge of the Municipal Housing and Urban-rural Development Bureau, through the use of "repair the old as the old" method for upgrading and transformation, and at the same time inject new elements such as cultural creation and market fairs, it has attracted many young people.
Continuously improve relevant policies, coordinate and solve difficult problems in a timely manner
In addition to the lack of comprehensive understanding in some places, the deviation of political achievements, and the enthusiasm for building large squares, large commercial circles, and high-end communities, the current urban renewal still has difficulties such as insufficient motivation and insufficient systems.
For example, the current urban construction management system, land supply, finance, finance, taxation and other policies and technical standard systems are mostly formed in the process of large-scale and high-speed new development and construction, and they are not suitable for the needs of stock repair and transformation.
In addition, market entities lack enthusiasm for stock repair and transformation projects with low returns and long investment cycles.
The "14th Five-Year Plan" outline proposes to accelerate the transformation of urban development methods, coordinate urban planning and construction management, implement urban renewal actions, and promote urban spatial structure optimization and quality improvement.
In the next step, how to actively explore and promote urban renewal?
Wang Ke introduced that while strengthening bottom-line control and urging the re-evaluation of urban renewal projects under construction and already approved for construction, relevant policies should also be continuously improved.
For example, explore the policy mechanism and unit delineation method to promote the improvement of urban renewal in combination with urban physical examination; study and establish a standard and normative system that adapts to large-scale inventory renewal, and reasonably set technical standards such as sunshine, fire protection, green space rate, and supporting facilities.
In addition, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will also work with relevant departments to study and improve policies on land ownership and use changes, integration, and replacement, encourage compound use of land, optimize fiscal expenditure structure, and increase development, policy, and commercial financial institutions to renew the city. Credit support.
Our reporter Ding Yiting