Use of fossil fuels
Countries are urged to accelerate the development and use of technologies that reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
Unlike in previous agreements, the need to reduce the use of fossil fuels is now directly mentioned.
However, the wording was softened during the journey: One of the first drafts stated that both coal power and subsidies for fossil fuels should be phased out.
Subsequently, coal power that has carbon capture technology was excluded, and the phase-out requirement for subsidies was limited to those that are "inefficient".
And in the final version, it says "be phased down" instead of "phased out" in terms of coal power.
Increased climate assistance
Aid for climate adaptation in poor countries will double by 2025 compared to 2019. Previous promises of $ 100 billion in climate aid per year will be fulfilled.
Compensation to affected countries
A dialogue will be started on how countries affected by climate change will be compensated.
Developing countries in the G77 network demanded more concrete promises, but without being heard.
The result of the dialogue will be ready in the summer of 2024.
Rules for emissions trading
Plans for global emissions trading took a step forward as certain ambiguities from the Paris Agreement were rectified.
Among other things, it is a matter of avoiding double counting, ie two countries - the one that pays and the one that reduces emissions - must be able to credit the same emission reduction.
Updated targets at the end of 2022
The countries will return to the climate summit in Egypt at the end of next year with updated targets for emission reductions by 2030.
More agreements
In addition to the climate agreement, a number of separate agreements were also reached:
105 countries promised to reduce their methane emissions by 30 percent by 2030 compared to 2020.
110 countries promised to stop deforestation by 2030, including Brazil, Russia, Indonesia and Congo-Kinshasa.