China News Service, October 26. According to the WeChat official account of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, in September 2021, the first ecological environmental protection inspection team of the central government inspected Jilin found that Songyuan Fuyu City did not pay enough attention to the protection of black land and implemented the "Black soil protection in Jilin Province. The Land Protection Regulations are not in place, measures such as stripping of the topsoil of the black land occupied by construction and controlling the application of fertilizers and pesticides have not been implemented, and part of the black land has been destroyed.
1. Basic situation
Jilin Province is located in the hinterland of black soil in the northeast, and more than 90% of the arable land in the province is black soil.
The black land is the "giant panda in the arable land", and protecting the black land is an important foundation for ensuring food security.
In July 2018, the "Regulations on the Protection of Black Land in Jilin Province" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") were formally implemented.
Fuyu City is located in a typical black soil area in the Northeast, with 5.1 million mu of arable land, of which 4.3 million mu of black land, it is a large grain-producing county in the country.
Two, the main problem
(1) The stripping of the topsoil of the black land occupied by the construction is not in place
Stripping of the topsoil before the black land is occupied by the project construction is an important measure to protect the black land.
The “Regulations” stipulate that “if construction projects occupy black land, the topsoil shall be stripped in accordance with the standards and technical specifications. The stripped topsoil shall be used for newly reclaimed farmland and improvement of poor-quality farmland, construction of high-standard farmland, treatment of contaminated farmland, and land reclamation. Wait".
In 2013, Jilin Province issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Stripping of Cultivated Land in Cultivated Land for Construction", proposed requirements for the stripping of topsoil of cultivated land occupied by construction, and clarified the implementation methods and basic requirements for stripping; in 2015, Jilin Province issued a supporting set of the "Construction of Occupied Cultivated Land" Technical Specifications for Topsoil Stripping; In 2019, the relevant departments of Jilin Province issued the “Administrative Measures for Topsoil Stripping of Cultivated Land Occupied by Construction in Jilin Province (Trial)”.
The inspector found that from 2018 to 2020, six projects in Fuyu City occupied black land, and no topsoil stripping was implemented, causing black land to be covered and destroyed, totaling 8.83 hectares.
Among them, Fuyu No. 1 Experimental School started construction in 2018, occupying 5.78 hectares of black land; Songyuan Bilans Circular Economy Fuyu Co., Ltd. 25,000 tons of potato products project was not approved, occupying 1.51 hectares of black land, not only did not implement topsoil Stripping, and also use the black soil of the cultivated layer excavated from the construction of wastewater storage ponds for roadbed construction.
On September 8, 2021, the inspection team found that the 25,000-ton potato products project of Songyuan Bilans Circular Economy Fuyu Co., Ltd. had not been approved and occupied 1.51 hectares of black land.
Shanying Paper's 1 million tons of pulping and annual output of 1 million tons of industrial packaging paper project occupies 157.71 hectares of black land. According to the topsoil stripping implementation plan, 491,600 cubic meters of topsoil should be stripped. The actual stripping of 325,000 cubic meters was measured, and the stripping area and thickness did not meet the requirements of the stripping implementation plan. The stripped topsoil was piled up, which not only occupied the black land, but also had the risk of loss.
On September 3, 2021, the inspection team found that the Shanying Paper Project occupies 157.71 hectares of black land, and the surface soil stripping area and thickness did not meet the requirements of the stripping implementation plan. The stripped topsoil was piled up, not only occupying black land, There is still a risk of loss
(2) Incorrect fertilizer reduction and pesticide control data
Realizing the reduction of fertilizers and pesticides, the increase of efficiency and total control is an effective measure to curb the degradation of black soil.
The "Regulations" stipulate that "the people's governments at or above the county level shall organize the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization, support the research and development, production and application of organic fertilizers, encourage land operators to accumulate and apply farmyard manure and other organic fertilizers, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers" "strictly Control the use of pesticides".
The inspector found that Fuyu City did not conduct a fixed-point investigation on the use of chemical fertilizers as required, but calculated the amount of use based on farmers' planting habits. The fertilizer reduction data "goed in step", and the investigation and statistics were untrue.
For example, the survey statistics of chemical fertilizer use in Taolaizhao Town show that although the land conditions for planting are different, the reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer per unit area of farmers in the same village is exactly the same.
The reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer application in the eight surveyed households in Wujin Village in 2020 compared with 2019 is 9.09%, and the reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer application in 2019 compared with 2018 is 5.71%; the chemical fertilizer application in 10 survey households in Yongli Village in 2020 is compared with 2019 The reduction ratio is 5.17%, and the reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer application in 2019 is 3.33% compared with 2018.
The inspection team randomly visited the farmers on the questionnaire and found that some farmers had increased the amount of fertilizer used in order to increase production, which was contrary to the trend of the data reported by the local authorities.
The inspector also found a similar situation in Fuyu City's pesticide survey statistics.
On September 3, 2021, the on-site inspection of the inspection team found that the annual reduction ratio of chemical fertilizer application by farmers in the same village in the statistical table of the survey on the use of chemical fertilizers in Taolaizhao Town from 2018 to 2020 is the same
(3) Dealing with fraud by inspectors
The “Regulations” stipulate that “people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate plans to reduce the use of agricultural inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers, set up agricultural input waste recycling points, improve the recycling, storage and transportation, and comprehensive utilization network, and treat agricultural input wastes. Implement centralized harmless treatment".
The inspector found that the relevant departments of Fuyu City uniformly arranged the regular knowledge and precautions of black land inspections to all towns in the jurisdiction, and distributed theoretical reference data such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides and the recovery rate of agricultural film from 2018 to 2020, instructing all towns to have a unified approach. It is required that when the inspection team asks for the materials, it should not be taken out all at once, and the relevant data is determined to come from on-site investigations.
When the inspection team visited the farmers, the staff of the relevant departments repeatedly "answered", reminding the farmers to pay attention to the statement and deal with the fraud by the inspector.
Three, cause analysis
Fuyu City has not done enough to protect the black land, the implementation of work measures has been compromised, and the relevant departments of Songyuan City have obviously not been in place.
The inspection team will further investigate and verify the situation, and do a good job of follow-up inspections as required.