Words of a Family

　　Optimizing the super-level examination is the key to the implementation of the "double reduction"

　　Reforming the high school and college entrance examination system and improving the quality of school education and teaching are the two cornerstones for the effective implementation of the "double reduction" policy.

Relatively speaking, there are rules to follow to improve the quality of education and teaching in schools, and the practical level is easier, while the reform of the high school and college entrance examination system affects the whole body, which is complicated and has a high degree of difficulty.

However, given that the high school entrance examination has a particularly obvious guiding role in basic education, the author believes that under the premise of seeking progress while maintaining stability, we should first address some of these local problems and intervene in improvements with small incisions to help the "double reduction" take effect.

For example, appropriately optimize the problems of super-class exams that exist in the process of high school and college entrance examinations.

　　Some time ago, some netizens commented: If the exam is now a unified national paper for each grade, all the exams are in accordance with the curriculum standards, and the extracurricular training institutions and make-up classes are all over.

Do you think the parents of supplementary lessons are stupid?

It's all dealing with increasingly difficult exams.

The depth of many exam content has nothing to do with the teacher's in-class teaching.

Exceeding standards, exceeding outlines, and unlimited heightening are the biggest problems facing education now.

　　This netizen’s point of view, although somewhat emotional and one-sided, is not unreasonable.

Needless to say, based on the backwash effect, most of the education and teaching behaviors in the basic education stage are led by the baton of the high school entrance examination.

This is the underlying logic of basic education, which is so powerful that it does not depend on the will of any person or department.

If this is not clearly recognized, then all governance measures will eventually get half the result with half the effort, or even nothing.

Therefore, a comprehensive review of the structural problems existing in the high school entrance examination with systematic thinking, and then adjustment and optimization, afterwards, the demand side changes to promote the supply side to make good use of the situation, can really promote the "double reduction" policy to take root and bear fruit.

　　Undoubtedly, from a logical perspective, rectifying teaching behaviors that exceed standards and standards is an important focus of reducing the burden of students' homework and training. However, some education authorities currently need to improve their specific governance path selection.

Both on-campus and off-campus work together to forcefully hold on to the supply side, especially the strict constraints on off-campus training institutions, so as to tie the reins and halters to the super-class and advanced teaching. Of course, such measures will have some results, but on the whole, this is still a symptom. Act of.

The author believes that to reduce the burden on students and control the problem of over-exposure and over-standard teaching, at present, the most important thing is to optimize some over-examination problems that exist in the middle school entrance examination and college entrance examination. Through the optimization and improvement of the over-examination, and then reverse the overexamination. Outline teaching behavior, in this way, may be more effective.

　　The current high school entrance examination and college entrance examinations exist in the super-class problem, the author believes that it can be roughly divided into two categories, one is the built-in type, such as English, Chinese, and the super-class content is built into the middle and high school examination paper; the other is the external type. For example, in the college entrance examination for mathematics, physics and chemistry, the content of the super outline is mainly plug-in in the five major Olympiads, and in some recruitment policies, there are often certain requirements for the Olympiad results.

The reality of these super-element examinations has a great impact on teaching and learning at the primary and secondary levels, and it must not be underestimated.

　　For example, English.

According to the "General Senior High School English Curriculum Standards (2017 Edition 2020 Revision)", the vocabulary requirements for the compulsory courses of the senior third year are 2000-2100 words, the optional compulsory courses are 3000-3200, and the elective (improvement) is 4000-4200.

At present, most provinces and cities across the country have overall requirements for college entrance examination English vocabulary mainly by referring to the optional compulsory course standards.

But the problem is that there are often a small number of super-class vocabularies in the college entrance examination papers, generally accounting for about 1%, and some provinces and cities have a slightly higher proportion of autonomous propositions.

It can be said that for 1% of the super-class vocabulary in the college entrance examination, most students have to learn more than ten times the super-class vocabulary.

Because, a word in the test becomes a stumbling block, causing errors in reading comprehension, which may lead to a few points difference. For the college entrance examination where points are contested, this is a burden that candidates cannot bear.

Nowadays, many high school students can directly pass the CET-4 after entering the university, which can be said to be closely related to the English super-level study at the basic education stage.

　　In addition to the super-level vocabulary, the pressure of English learning is also caused by the openness of the source of the test papers.

According to media reports, in Shanghai's 2019 Spring English Subject Test, the listening questions are from the American drama "The Big Bang Theory", the blank questions are from the news report of the New York Times in 2018, and the cloze test is from the news report of the British "Guardian" in 2017. The reading comprehension comes from the "Financial Times", and the summary writing comes from a report on the US Environmental Protection Agency website.

According to "Modern Education News", the materials used in the 2020 Beijing College Entrance Examination English test questions are all from foreign language journals.

　　The author believes that the current focus of governing the super-class exam is the built-in super-class, and the most important thing is the English subject.

Over the years, from the first-tier cities to the fourth- and fifth-tier small counties, almost half of the subject teaching and training institutions have been flooded with English training.

Of course, some of the students who participate in English training do prepare for studying abroad in the future, but most of them are still for the high school entrance examination, college entrance examination, or various hidden screenings in the junior high school.

Therefore, it is extremely important to manage the English super-level exams to reduce the burden of students' off-campus training. In the current high school entrance examination system, the governance measures are actually simple, which is to strictly limit the English high school entrance examination within the scope of the national curriculum standard, and the source of the questions can be opened. , The vocabulary is by no means super-class.

Of course, it is best to open the source of the title and have restrictions to avoid too jerky type text.

As for the question of language super-classification, it can be allowed, but it must be directional. For example, it is clear that the scope of the super-classification is Tang poems and Song Ci. This will help improve students' literary literacy on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is also conducive to the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese culture.

　　As an effective mechanism for selecting top talents in science and engineering, Olympiad has its own rationality and necessity, especially in the historical background of the urgent need for a strong country in science and technology, this college entrance examination policy is particularly important.

What's more, the students who participated in the five Olympiads in high school are basically concentrated among the top students with relatively high academic performance. According to the author's understanding, even in some counties with higher overall teaching levels, the proportion of students participating in the Olympiads is still But about 20%, the learning pressure it brings will not affect all students.

　　To sum up, it is necessary to manage the super-element examinations to promote the effective implementation of "double reduction" and truly realize the expected goal of reducing the burden on students.

However, to deal with anything, in addition to the correct direction, there must be a feasible plan. Therefore, in the specific management of the super-examination, it must be treated differently according to different types of disciplines, and cannot be generalized.

　　(The author is an education researcher)

　　Lu Jianguo Source: China Youth Daily