The myopia rate of high school students exceeds 80%, how to prevent myopia in children and adolescents
"From the perspective of different age groups, in 2020, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in China is 52.7%, of which 14.3% of 6-year-old children, 35.6% of elementary school students, 71.1% of junior high school students, and more than 80% of high school students; In terms of degree, 10% of myopic children are high myopia, and more than 1/3 are moderate myopia, which means that the proportion of medium and high myopia is nearly 50%. From the perspective of different regions, the overall trend is'East High in the west and low in the north, high in the south and low in the north. At the same time, there is a clear gap between urban and rural areas. The myopia rate in cities reached 56.5%, which is 8% higher than that in rural areas. However, the growth trend in rural areas has been faster than that in cities in the past two years." A few days ago, when sharing this set of data at the Third National Visual Health Summit Forum, Song Shixun of the CDC of the National Health Commission stated that in the monitoring of children and adolescents, it was found that the focus of prevention and control should be younger; high myopia has developed into eyes. The probability of illness is so great that it cannot be ignored.
For individuals, high myopia may cause complications such as cataracts, glaucoma, and even blindness.
For the country, myopia will create a huge talent gap in precision manufacturing, military, and military industries.
In recent years, the state has paid more attention to this and has successively introduced relevant policies.
In 2018, 8 departments including the Ministry of Education and the National Health Commission jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents."
Not long ago, 15 departments including the Ministry of Education jointly issued the "Work Plan for Children and Adolescents' Myopia Prevention and Control of Bright Action."
There are also the Healthy China Action, the "Double Reduction" policy, etc., aimed at reducing and slowing down the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents.
Qu Jia, director of the National Eye Optometry Engineering Technology Research Center and general dean of the Eye Optometry Hospital Group of Wenzhou Medical University, proposed that the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents requires "five-party cooperation". In addition to relevant policies issued by government departments, schools, schools, Students, families, and medical and health institutions work together.
"Not myopia is more important than 100 points"
"For a period of time, exam-oriented education has overburdened students with homework. Only scores, only advancement, and only diplomas have become the batons of compulsory education. This kind of education model has a strong utilitarian color, focusing on intellectual education, neglecting moral education, aesthetic education, and sports. And labor education; emphasis on grades, light on quality; on knowledge, light on ability. Therefore, the burden of schoolwork is relatively heavy. Many students also participate in off-campus training and homework is at 11 or 12 in the evening. Students have no time to participate in physical exercise, which affects sleep This is an important cause of myopia," said Zhang Tianbao, the former deputy minister of the Ministry of Education.
Zhang Tianbao believes that the root cause of prevention and control of myopia in students lies in the establishment of scientific educational concepts.
Giving play to the role of the main channel of the school and improving the quality of classroom teaching can reduce the burden of students' schoolwork. Only by fully regulating the off-campus training institutions can the burden of students' off-campus schoolwork be alleviated.
"After the publication of the "Double Reduction" documents of the Central and State Affairs Office, all localities have conscientiously implemented the implementation, and the schoolwork burden and the schoolwork burden of off-campus training are gradually reduced. The situation is gratifying. This has created good conditions for the prevention and control of myopia." Zhang Tianbao Call for attention, implementation, and action for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.
Take good care of the children's eye health together, so that they all have a bright future.
The top-level design is in place, and what can the school do after implementing specific measures?
"'The eyesight is more important than getting 100 points'. This is our strong philosophy." The school is jointly promoted by the Curriculum Department, the Student Department, the Medical Affairs Department, and the Parent Supervision Department.
Teachers in the curriculum department should not use the big screen for more than 20 minutes during the teaching process. They must supervise students’ sitting posture and pen holding posture during class; "Fuck", the student department is responsible for the implementation of eye exercises, and guide students to do them well; the medical department analyzes the results of students’ vision tests every semester, informs parents, and establishes a one-to-one file to remind students to value their own vision; parent supervision The Faculty regularly invites parents to enter the campus to find out whether the visual environment provided by the school meets the requirements.
"At present, it is particularly important to reduce the burden and increase the time for physical exercise. Now the state stipulates that elementary school students have one physical education class every day. The first thing our school students do after arriving at school is to put down their schoolbags and run in the morning, and then walk into the classroom to read morning after sweating. In addition, with 30 minutes of exercise time, students spend more than an hour in exercise every day. In addition, we require students to go outside to enjoy the sun at noon. All teachers ask children to look far away after class. We also regularly invite ophthalmologists Going to school to teach children to protect their eyesight, the school has a heavy responsibility." Meng Xianglan said.
The important place for myopia in children and adolescents is the family
The Liuming campus of the Primary Education Group affiliated to Capital Normal University conducts a vision test at the beginning and the end of each semester. It is found that many children's vision has declined during the winter and summer vacations.
Meng Xianglan believes, "Nowadays, many families have'electric babysitters'. After parents give their children mobile phones and tablets, they don’t care. This is the most terrible thing to cheat children. Parents and children must exercise together so that children can develop the habit of exercise. Individual students must make it clear that they are the first responsible person for health, I am responsible for my health, and I manage my health."
Wang Guanghong, executive vice-president of the School of Family Education, Beijing Open University, also emphasized the importance of family in protecting children's eyesight.
"Many children get caught in the Internet, basically because their parents don't have time to accompany them. It is these electronic products that can attract children." He also suggested that parents should cooperate with the school because some children do eye exercises at school, I have a break between classes, but I relax as soon as I get home, playing games and tablets.
Parents should give their children more support, attention and company, and cultivate children to develop good habits such as reading and sitting.
"Now that teenagers have limited time to play games, which is great. We have no way to stop the development of technology, but we have ways to prevent children from indulging in these environments through normal and legal means. Family is an important occurrence of children's myopia. Land, I believe that the family is also the main place for children to become healthier and healthier.” Wang Guanghong said.
The prevention and control of myopia must "grab the early and catch the small"
Qu Jia emphasized that the prevention and control of myopia should "grab the early and catch the small."
"Children’s vision and eye refractive development are a gradual process. Infants and young children have mild hyperopia, which will gradually recover as they age, reaching face-to-face at around 10 years old. Children nowadays are less than 10 years old, at 5 or 6 years old. If you run out of your farsightedness reserve, you will be nearsighted."
"Grab the early and catch the young" is embodied in the specific approach, which is to treat children of different stages in different categories, according to the condition of the child's refractive development, the burden of going to school and reading, and the peak of the eye.
Qu Jia specifically introduced that in the preschool stage of 0-6 years old, children's vision development is relatively fast, which is an important stage from hyperopia to emmetropia. Parents should focus on controlling their children's time to watch TV and play with mobile phones.
Kindergartens must be gamified and entertaining, not elementary schools.
The key to 0-6 years old is to take care and guide children to grow up happily.
Delaying school for a year can greatly reduce the incidence of myopia in children.
When children start primary school when they are 7 to 12 years old, they must adapt to changes in the environment and roles, develop good habits, and actively prevent myopia. Primary school is the time for the fastest development of myopia and must be controlled.
At the age of 13 to 18, the child's independence and self-consciousness increase. At this stage, the myopia cannot be reversed, and it is necessary to avoid the development of high myopia.
Qu Jia proposed that the simplest, least costly and healthy way to prevent and control myopia is to go outdoors.
In addition, a very important aspect is the development of the habit of using eyes at close range and rest: reading a book for 20 minutes, looking at a distance of 20 feet (about 6 meters) for 20 seconds; exercising more and resting frequently; a larger screen and a longer distance, Read less time and take more intermittent breaks.
Song Shixun said that it is necessary to deal with the myopia of children and adolescents for a long time.
"Now we are promoting the policy of'double reduction'. Children's schoolwork burden is reduced, and the time spent sitting in the house is less. This is good for myopia prevention and control. In schools, teachers must play a supervisory role. , Let children fully go to outdoor sports and participate in exercise activities; in society, the number of extracurricular training institutions has decreased, and children and parents must return to nature and return to the community. We must strive to form a government-led, departmental cooperation, expert guidance, school education, The good social atmosphere that parents pay attention to is ultimately not only to take good care of the children’s eyes, but also to protect everyone’s eyes. Everyone is the first person responsible for their own health."
China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily reporter Zhang Manyu Source: China Youth Daily
Version 08 on September 28, 2021