The harvest field is the most beautiful picture (Special report on Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival)
——Written on the occasion of the forthcoming harvest festival of Chinese farmers
Our reporter Gao Yuncai Yu Jingxian Wang Hao
"People's Daily" (September 22, 2021 Edition 03)
The grains are abundant, the melons and fruits are fragrant, and the rice stalks roll up the waves.
This is the field of hope, this is China with a bumper harvest!
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, "my country is a big agricultural country, and focusing on agriculture and solid foundations is the foundation for peace and governance of the country."
This year is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party. It is a key year for the consolidation and expansion of the results of poverty alleviation and the effective connection of rural revitalization. It is of special importance to capture a good agricultural harvest. Start well, promote high-quality economic and social development, and build a new development pattern to provide strong support.
With the theme of "Celebrating a Good Harvest and Feeling the Party's Grace", on September 23, the autumn equinox of the lunar calendar, we ushered in the fourth Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival.
In the past three years, the Harvest Festival has gradually become popular and popular. It has become a festival for hundreds of millions of farmers, a symbol of Chinese farming civilization, and a window to comprehensively promote rural revitalization.
Scroll of Harvest——
The more we face risks and challenges, the more we must stabilize agriculture, and the more we must ensure the safety of food and important non-staple foods
At the historical juncture of marching towards the second centenary goal, firmly holding on to the initiative in food security, taking up the responsibility for food security, and resolutely fighting the defense of arable land and turning over the seed industry, the picture of China's harvest is becoming more and more magnificent.
Walking into the corn field of Zhang Zhandong, a big grain grower in Dahala Village, Bayantala Town, Ulan Qab City, Inner Mongolia, the plump fruits are covered with straw.
"I planted 200 mu of corn this year, with a production capacity of 1,100 jin per mu. A bumper harvest!"
-Carrying on the responsibility for food security, creating institutional conditions for a bumper grain harvest.
It is not only necessary to normalize the epidemic prevention and control, but also to stabilize production and supply, and a bumper harvest is hard to come by.
"During the spring plowing period this year, the wages and costs of agricultural helpers have increased. However, the policy is good, the purchase price has been increased, and grain subsidies and insect control subsidies have been returned. Increase production and income this year!" In the large fields of Li Chunfeng Farm in Yaojing Village, Maogang Town, Songjiang District, Shanghai, the rice is golden, Lao Li told reporters.
This year is the first year that the party and government are responsible for food security. All localities have made great efforts to rectify "non-agriculturalization" and "non-grainization", reclaim abandoned lands, and do everything possible to tap the potential of grain acreage. The planting area of early rice has increased, and the area of autumn grain has been stable. In particular, the area of corn, a high-yield crop, has increased significantly, laying a solid foundation for a bumper harvest of grain throughout the year.
Rice waves are rolling in the Shibite Family Farm in Sikeshu Township, Da'an City, Jilin Province.
The farm manager Liu Wangcheng said: “Due to the influence of the climate, rice transplanting has been delayed compared with previous years. The timely input of manpower and material resources has just pushed the progress out.” In Jilin province, this year's rice planting area has stabilized at around 12.5 million mu.
Spring is blooming, but autumn harvest is in fact.
According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the country’s autumn grain planting area exceeds 1.29 billion mu. In most areas, the growth process of autumn grain crops is normal, soil moisture is suitable, pest control is in place, crop growth is good, harvest foundations are good, and fundamentals are good.
——The policy of strengthening and benefiting farmers and rich peasants continued to develop, and the enthusiasm of grain farmers in growing grains continued to increase.
The policy is precise "drip irrigation", and the harvested crops grow at joints.
"We planted 150 acres of double-season rice this year, and the income is very good! Early rice will hit more than 1,000 catties per acre, the price of wet rice heads reached 1.05-1.11 yuan per catty, and the price of dry rice reached 1.29 yuan." Guo, Lujiang County, Anhui Province Wang Shizhao, a big grain grower in He Town, said.
In order to promote double-cropping rice planting, Lujiang County will increase the subsidy per mu for double-cropping rice growers by 20% compared with single-cropping rice. For double-cropping rice growers with more than 50 acres of land, the subsidy per mu for early rice will be increased by another 100 yuan.
In the first quarter, the central and local governments invested nearly 3 billion yuan in the prevention and control of wheat pests and diseases to support the development of unified pest control and control. The cumulative control area exceeded 1 billion mu, and the loss of pests and diseases was controlled within 5%.
Entering April, the prices of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have increased significantly, and the central government has timely arranged 20 billion yuan to subsidize grain production.
In early June, Henan Xinmai opened the scale at 1.18-1.2 yuan per catty, which was 8 cents to 1 cent higher than last year.
As of September 15, the main producing areas had purchased a total of 60.91 million tons of summer grain, an increase of 2.6 million tons year-on-year.
The policy has energized hundreds of millions of farmers.
At present, a bumper harvest of autumn grains is in sight, and it is expected that the annual grain output will continue to stand at a level of 1.3 trillion catties.
Good harvest--
Agriculture is a basic industry, and China’s modernization is inseparable from agricultural modernization
In the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", all localities have forged ahead on the road to agricultural modernization featuring high output, product safety, resource conservation, and environmental friendliness. Agricultural modernization continues to reach new levels, and the quality of China's harvest is becoming more and more satisfactory.
——From being able to cultivate land to "smart land", the level of agricultural equipment has been continuously improved.
In the rice fields in Taiyang Village, Huangyang Town, Wangcang County, Sichuan Province, the harvester shuttled back and forth. Cui Lianzhong, a grain farmer, seized the fine weather to grab the rice. "More than 90% of the rice fields have been mechanized, and 1 mu of land can be harvested in about 1 hour. It can also save about 500 yuan in cost."
In this spring ploughing, more than 30,000 plant protection drones have been put into spring agricultural production across the country, and more than 20,000 sets of "Beidou" positioning unmanned tractors and supporting precision agricultural machinery.
This year, more than 600,000 combine harvesters have been put into the "three summer" wheat harvest, and the total input of agricultural machinery has reached 16.5 million.
At present, the production of the three major staple foods of wheat, rice, and corn in my country has basically achieved full mechanization, with a comprehensive mechanization rate exceeding 80%, and a comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvesting reached 71%.
The machine harvest is reduced and has become the "invisible hero" of the grain harvest.
“In the past, the damage rate of manual-driving harvesters for harvesting wheat was about 3%. The reason was that the judgment on the corners was inaccurate, and the wheels would roll the wheat.” said Liu Zhanyi, head of Tianjin Wangda Agricultural Machinery Service Cooperative. “Through measuring and setting in advance With good relevant data, accurate harvesting was achieved, and the wheat damage rate at the corner was reduced to 1%."
A 1% reduction in mechanical harvest can save 2.5 billion catties of grain, which is equivalent to an additional 3 million acres of output.
This year, the average loss rate of wheat harvest in the Huanghuaihai region is controlled within 2%, which is about 1% lower than normal.
The national summer harvest has a significant effect in reducing the loss of machine collection, and the loss rate of machine collection is controlled within 2%.
——Fight to defend the arable land, fight the seed industry to turn around, store grain in the ground and store grain in technology.
Entering the planting base of the Hongyan Planting Professional Cooperative in Heilinzi Town, Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, the 125 ridge maize has a strong "waist".
Su Donghong, chairman of the cooperative, said that in recent years, the cooperative has been adopting the cropping method of returning straw to the field to preserve water, fertilizer, and moisture. At the same time, it can also make the straw rot and increase the black soil layer.
At present, the cooperative can increase the black soil layer by one centimeter every year, which can increase the output by more than 2,000 catties per land.
It is understood that over 28 million mu of black land in Jilin has adopted conservation tillage, accounting for 1/3 of the grain sown area, and strive to cover 70% of suitable arable land by 2025.
Zhang Fengchun, director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province, said that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Jilin's grain output is expected to reach a new level, with an estimated annual output of 80 billion catties.
At present, 800 million mu of high-standard farmland has been built across the country, and 1 billion mu will be built by 2022.
The independent innovation ability of the seed industry has been continuously enhanced. The Chinese grains mainly use Chinese seeds, so that the rice bowl can be kept stable and firm.
"One grain is good for planting, 1,000 grains for good grain. The average yield of this field is as high as 510.5 kg per mu!" In May, hundreds of mu of high-quality wheat "Mianmai 902" was on site in Baique Village, Changqing Town, Zitong County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province. Yield measurement, this is a new wheat variety cultivated by the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which not only has high yield, but also shows good multi-resistance.
At present, my country's main crop varieties have basically achieved full coverage, and the area of independently selected varieties accounted for more than 95%, which injects strong momentum into agricultural modernization.
Harvest power——
To solve the "three rural" issues, the fundamental lies in deepening reforms
Leading rural revitalization with green development, advancing agricultural supply-side structural reforms, and improving comprehensive agricultural benefits and competitiveness. China’s rural reforms are becoming more and more dynamic.
——Adhere to the new development concept and cultivate new drivers of agricultural and rural development.
"The yield of silage corn is high and the income is good. Our dairy farm directly purchases an area of more than 1,500 yuan per mu. This year we contracted 60 acres and the income is over 90,000 yuan..." In Tianzhuang Village, Shiqiao Town, Baofeng County, Henan Province, became rich The leader Yang Taihe recites his "Green Sutra".
The development model of green circular agriculture has become a popular way for villagers to get rich.
In recent years, my country has vigorously implemented green production actions such as reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency, green prevention and control, and replacing organic fertilizers with fruit and vegetable tea. The use of pesticides and fertilizers nationwide has experienced negative growth for four consecutive years.
In 2020, the utilization rates of pesticides and fertilizers for the three major food crops of rice, wheat, and corn will reach 40.6% and 40.2%, respectively, which are 4 and 5 percentage points higher than in 2015.
—— Take the structural reform of the agricultural supply side as the main line and take the road of quality agriculture.
"One water, two uses, one field for more harvest, stable grain and increased fisheries, and a win-win situation for grain and fishery." In the rice-fishing comprehensive planting and breeding demonstration area of Jilin Shuangzi Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., the company’s person in charge Cui Xiaoping introduced: "Rice and Crab Symbiosis Species It has not only improved the water quality conditions, but also greatly improved the quality of rice.” In recent years, Songyuan City has promoted an area of 72,000 mu of integrated rice-fishing cultivation.
Extend the industrial chain, enhance the value chain, and build the supply chain.
Recently, customers from all over the sales shops of Zhen'ai Farm in Changgang Town, Fengkai County, Guangdong Province, kept ordering telephones ringing.
This year, Zhenai Farm provided more than 200 Fengkai oil chestnut seedlings cultivated by itself to growers for planting free of charge, and helped more than 20 nearby farmers sell Fengkai oil chestnuts on a commission basis.
In 2020, Fengkai County will produce 16,770 tons of oil chestnuts, with an output value of 503.1 million yuan, driving more than 1,800 farmers to grow.
At present, the county's oil chestnut planting area has reached 132,500 mu, and the output this year is expected to reach 18,000 tons.
Since the beginning of this year, all localities and departments have continued to focus on increasing farmers' income. In the first half of the year, the per capita disposable income of rural residents nationwide was 9,248 yuan, an actual increase of 14.1%, and the standard of living reached a new level.
Insist on giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, hundreds of millions of Chinese farmers are striving to promote rural revitalization and make strides towards a brighter future of agricultural and rural modernization.