Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 12-Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Ecological Protection Compensation System" and issued a notice requesting all regions and departments to conscientiously implement them in light of actual conditions.
The full text of the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Ecological Protection Compensation System" is as follows.
The ecological environment is a major political issue related to the party's mission and purpose, as well as a major social issue related to people's livelihood.
As an important part of the ecological civilization system, the ecological protection compensation system is an important means to implement ecological protection rights and responsibilities, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in ecological protection, and promote the construction of ecological civilization.
In order to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's thoughts on ecological civilization, further deepen the reform of the ecological protection compensation system, and accelerate the construction of the ecological civilization system, the following opinions are hereby put forward.
1. General requirements
(1) Guiding ideology.
Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee, adhere to the general tone of the work of seeking progress while maintaining stability, and based on the new development stage, Implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, practice the concept that green water and green mountains are the golden mountains and silver mountains, improve the coordination mechanism in the field of ecological civilization, accelerate the improvement of effective markets and the better combination of effective government, classify compensation and comprehensive compensation, and coordinate, vertical The coordinated advancement of compensation and horizontal compensation, the strengthening of an ecological protection compensation system that encourages and harden constraints, promotes the formation of an ideological consensus and consciousness of action for respecting nature, conforming to nature, and protecting nature, and doing a good job in carbon peaking and carbon neutrality , To accelerate the promotion of green and low-carbon development, promote the overall green transformation of economic and social development, and build a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously, and provide a solid and powerful system guarantee for maintaining national ecological security and laying a foundation for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation’s ecological environment.
(2) Working principles
——System advancement and policy coordination.
Adhere to and strengthen the party's overall leadership, make overall plans and comprehensively promote the reform of the ecological protection compensation system and related fields, and strengthen the coordination and support of various systems.
In accordance with the integrity, system, and internal laws of the ecosystem, the compensation mechanism for ecological protection shall be improved to promote the overall protection of the ecological environment.
——Government-led and all parties participate.
Give full play to the government's leading role in ecological protection compensation and implementation of ecological protection responsibilities, actively guide all parties in the society to participate, and promote market-oriented and diversified compensation practices.
Gradually improve the ecological protection and compensation system with strong government leadership, orderly participation by the society, and effective market regulation.
——Strengthen incentives and harden constraints.
Accelerate the construction of the rule of law, and use legal means to regulate ecological protection compensation behavior.
Clearly define the rights and obligations of all parties, realize that benefits correspond to compensation, and the right to compensation matches the fulfillment of protection obligations.
Improve the evaluation mechanism, increase awards and punishments in accordance with regulations and laws, and take accountability seriously.
(3) Reform goals.
By 2025, the ecological protection and compensation system commensurate with economic and social development will be basically complete.
The classification compensation system based on the cost of ecological protection is becoming more and more perfect, the comprehensive compensation system based on the basic orientation of improving the public service guarantee ability is constantly improved, and the market-oriented and diversified compensation pattern based on the principle of beneficiary payment has taken shape. The whole society The enthusiasm for participating in ecological protection has increased significantly, and the situation of benign interaction between ecological protectors and beneficiaries has basically taken shape.
By 2035, the ecological protection and compensation system that meets the requirements of the construction of ecological civilization in the new era will be basically finalized.
2. Focus on important ecological environment elements and improve the classification compensation system
Improve the classification compensation system based on the elements of the ecological environment, comprehensively consider the economic and social development of the ecological protection area, the effectiveness of ecological protection and other factors to determine the compensation level, and provide appropriate compensation for the ecological protection costs of different elements.
(1) Establish and improve a classification compensation system.
Strengthen the conservation of aquatic biological resources to ensure that the ten-year ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin is put in place.
Compensation for water ecological protection will be carried out in key areas such as the headwaters of rivers, important water sources, key water and soil erosion control areas, flood storage and detention areas, and damaged rivers and lakes.
Improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of public welfare forest compensation standards, and encourage local governments to explore the implementation of differentiated compensation for public welfare forests based on actual conditions.
Improve the natural forest protection system and strengthen the protection and management of natural forest resources.
Improve the wetland ecological protection and compensation mechanism, and gradually realize the full coverage of the ecological protection and compensation of national important wetlands (including internationally important wetlands).
Improve the green ecology-oriented subsidy system for agricultural ecological governance.
Improve the protection and compensation mechanism of cultivated land, promote protective tillage in accordance with local conditions, and improve the cultivated land rotation and fallow system.
Implement the compensation policy for grassland ecological protection.
The study included degraded and desertified grasslands in the range of grazing prohibition.
Contiguous desertified land that does not currently have the conditions for governance and is not suitable for development and utilization due to ecological protection shall be closed and protected in accordance with the law, and the ecological protection and compensation system for desertified land shall be improved.
Study the establishment of a compensation system for coastal ecological protection.
(2) Gradually explore the overall protection model.
The local government of the ecological protection area shall, under the premise of ensuring that the classification and compensation policies for the relevant rights holders of the ecological environment elements are in place, combined with the coexisting multiple ecological environment element systems in the ecological space, and steadily promote the coordinated use of different channels of ecological protection compensation funds in accordance with the law. In a flexible and effective way, we will promote ecological protection and compensation in an integrated manner to improve the overall benefits of ecological protection.
Relevant departments should strengthen communication and coordination to avoid duplication of compensation.
3. Focusing on the national ecological security priorities and improving the comprehensive compensation system
Insist on matching the intensity of ecological protection compensation with fiscal capacity, and promoting the equalization of basic public services, and implement a comprehensive compensation system combining vertical and horizontal according to the functions of ecological space, and promote the sharing of benefits between ecologically beneficial areas and protected areas.
(1) Increase vertical compensation.
Gradually increase the scale of transfer payments in key ecological function areas in light of the central financial resources.
The investment within the central budget will favor the construction of infrastructure and basic public service facilities in key ecological function zones.
Continue to provide ecological protection and compensation for ecologically fragile areas alleviated from poverty, and maintain unabated support for the original deeply impoverished areas.
Provincial governments should increase the investment of ecological protection compensation funds, introduce ecological protection compensation guiding policies and incentive and restrictive measures according to local conditions, mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments below the provincial level, strengthen ecological protection, and promote green development.
(2) Highlight the key points of longitudinal compensation.
For areas with prominent ecological functions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the water source of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, in the calculation of transfer payment for key ecological function areas, support has been increased by increasing the transfer payment coefficient and adding ecological environmental protection expenditures to promote their basic public service guarantee capabilities. Areas with the same level of financial resources are at the forefront.
Establish and improve the ecological protection compensation mechanism of the natural protected area system with national parks as the main body, and increase protection and compensation according to the scale of the natural protected area and the effectiveness of management and protection.
All provincial governments shall fully include areas with important ecological functions in the scope of transfer payments for compensation for ecological protection at the provincial level.
(3) Improve vertical compensation methods.
According to the characteristics of ecological benefit spillover, importance of ecological function, sensitivity and vulnerability of ecological environment, differentiated compensation shall be implemented in the transfer payment of key ecological function areas.
Introduce the ecological protection red line as a relevant transfer payment distribution factor, and increase support for areas with a high proportion of ecological protection red line coverage.
Explore the establishment of a reverse correlation mechanism between compensation funds and industries related to the destruction of the ecological environment, and appropriately reduce the scale of compensation funds for the development of industries related to the destruction of the ecological environment in areas with important ecological functions.
The study will compensate areas with more ecological immigrants through the urbanization of agricultural transfer population incentive funds, and guide the gradual and orderly transfer of population in important ecological functions where the resources and the environment are under pressure.
Continue to promote the pilot work of comprehensive ecological compensation.
(4) Improve the horizontal compensation mechanism.
Consolidate the results of the pilot project of the cross-provincial river basin horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, and summarize and promote the mature experience.
Encourage local governments to speed up the construction of cross-provincial upstream and downstream horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms in key river basins, and carry out cross-regional joint prevention and governance.
Promote the establishment of horizontal ecological protection and compensation mechanisms for the entire Yangtze and Yellow River basins, and support the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) along the route to independently establish inter-provincial and intra-provincial horizontal ecological protection and compensation mechanisms on main streams and important tributaries.
The central finance and provincial finance respectively provide guidance and support for cross-provincial and cross-regional key river basins where ecological functions are particularly important for horizontal ecological protection and compensation.
Encourage localities to explore horizontal ecological protection compensation methods for other elements of the ecological environment such as the atmosphere, and promote positive interaction between beneficiary areas and ecological protection areas through counterpart collaboration, industrial transfer, talent training, joint construction of parks, and purchase of ecological products and services.
4. Give full play to the role of market mechanisms and accelerate the promotion of diversified compensation
Reasonably define the rights of the ecological environment, and in accordance with the principle of beneficiaries pay, through market-oriented and diversified methods, promote the effective compensation of the interests of ecological protectors, and stimulate the enthusiasm of the whole society to participate in ecological protection.
(1) Improve the market transaction mechanism.
Accelerate the unified confirmation and registration of natural resources, establish a natural resource asset property rights system with clear ownership, clear rights and responsibilities, strict protection, smooth circulation, and effective supervision, and improve natural resources that reflect market supply and demand and resource scarcity, embody ecological value and intergenerational compensation The system of paid use of assets provides reasonable compensation to the subjects of rights that perform the obligation to protect natural resource assets.
On the premise of rational and scientific control of the total amount, establish an initial allocation system for water rights, pollution rights, and carbon emission rights.
Gradually carry out market-oriented environmental rights trading.
Encourage inter-regional based on the total amount of water taken and rights and interests of the region, through water rights transactions to solve the increase in water demand.
Clarify the right to use water resources of the water users, and encourage the right holders to transfer the right to take water with compensation on the basis of economical use of water resources.
Fully implement a pollutant discharge permit system, and implement paid use and trading of pollutant discharge rights in ecologically protected areas on the premise that the quality of the ecological environment is up to the standard.
Accelerate the construction of a national energy rights and carbon emission rights trading market.
Improve the carbon emission right offset mechanism based on the national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading mechanism, and incorporate the voluntary emission reduction projects of forestry, renewable energy, methane utilization and other fields with ecological and social benefits into the national carbon emission right market place.
(2) Expand market-oriented financing channels.
Research and develop financing tools based on water rights, pollution rights, carbon emission rights and other resources and environmental rights, establish green stock indexes, and develop carbon emission rights futures trading.
Expand the scope of pilot areas for green finance reform and innovation, and take ecological protection compensation financing mechanism and model innovation as an important pilot content.
Promote the financial model of the ecological industry chain.
Encourage banking financial institutions to provide green credit services that meet the characteristics of green project financing.
Encourage qualified non-financial enterprises and institutions to issue green bonds.
Encourage insurance institutions to develop innovative green insurance products to participate in ecological protection compensation.
(3) Explore diversified compensation methods.
Support the development of ecological and environmental protection education and training in areas with important ecological functions, guide the development of characteristic and advantageous industries, and expand the production of green products.
Speed up the development of ecological agriculture and circular agriculture.
Promote pilot projects of ecological environment-oriented development model projects.
Encourage localities to organically integrate environmental pollution prevention and control, ecosystem protection and restoration projects with the development of ecological industries, improve the ways of residents' participation, and establish a continuous benefit-sharing mechanism.
Establish and improve the franchise management system for operating projects in the control areas of nature reserves.
Explore the compensation mechanism for the transfer and disposal of hazardous waste across regions.
5. Improving supporting measures in related fields and enhancing reform coordination
Accelerate system construction and institutional reforms in related fields to provide more reliable legal guarantees, policy support and technical support for deepening the reform of the ecological protection compensation system.
(1) Accelerate the construction of the rule of law.
Implement the Environmental Protection Law, the Yangtze River Protection Law, and laws and regulations on water, forests, grasslands, oceans, and fisheries.
Speed up the study and formulation of ecological protection compensation regulations, and clarify the rights and obligations of ecological beneficiaries and ecological protectors.
Carry out ecological protection compensation, important river basins and other ecological function areas related laws and regulations legislation research, speed up the Yellow River protection legislation process.
Encourage and guide local governments to issue relevant laws and regulations or normative documents for ecological protection and compensation based on local actual conditions.
Strengthen law enforcement inspections, and create a legal atmosphere for fulfilling ecological protection obligations in accordance with the law.
(2) Improve the ecological environment monitoring system.
Accelerate the construction of a unified natural resource survey and monitoring system, carry out natural resource grading and national-owned natural resource assets inventory.
Improve the unified ecological environment monitoring network, optimize the layout of national ecological environment monitoring points such as important water bodies, key areas, key ecological function areas and ecological protection red lines, improve automatic monitoring and early warning capabilities, accelerate the improvement of the ecological protection compensation monitoring support system, and promote development National ecological quality monitoring and evaluation.
Establish an ecological protection compensation statistical indicator system and an information release system.
(3) Give full play to the adjustment function of fiscal and taxation policies.
Give full play to the regulatory role of resource tax, environmental protection tax and other related taxes and fees for ecological and environmental protection, as well as income management systems for natural resource assets such as land, minerals, and oceans.
Continue to promote water resource tax reform.
Implement preferential tax policies for energy conservation and environmental protection, new energy, ecological construction and other related fields.
Gradually explore the ecological and environmental protection assessment of budget expenditures.
Implement government green procurement policies, establish green procurement guidance mechanisms, increase green product procurement, and support green technological innovation and the development of green building materials and green buildings.
(4) Improve relevant supporting policies and measures.
Establish an eco-environmental protection mechanism in which occupancy compensation, damage compensation and protection compensation are coordinated.
Establish and improve a compensation system for the occupation of various natural ecological spaces in accordance with the law.
Gradually establish a unified green product evaluation standard, green product certification and labeling system, and improve the geographical indication protection system.
Establish and improve the green power production and consumption certificate system.
Vigorously implement major projects for biodiversity conservation.
Effectively prevent and control the harm caused by wild animals, and provide compensation for the damage caused by wild animals in accordance with the law for casualties, crops or other property losses caused by wild animals protected by law.
Actively promote international exchanges and cooperation in the fields of ecological protection, environmental governance and climate change, and carry out joint research on technologies and methods related to ecological protection and compensation.
6. Establish a strong sense of responsibility for ecological protection and strengthen incentives and constraints
Improve the ecological protection evaluation system, strengthen the use of evaluation results, strictly account for damage to the ecological environment, and promote the implementation of the main responsibilities of all parties and the earnest fulfillment of their respective obligations.
(1) Implement the main responsibility.
Local party committees and governments at all levels must strengthen the sense of subject responsibility, establish a correct view of political performance, implement the responsibility system for the construction of ecological civilization of leading cadres, consolidate the responsibility of ecological environmental protection, strictly implement the same responsibility of the party and government, and strengthen policy propaganda. Explore practice and promote the detailed implementation of reform tasks.
Relevant departments should strengthen system construction, give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint conference system for ecological protection and compensation work, and promptly study and solve important issues in the reform process.
The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment should coordinate the implementation of reform tasks.
The local government of the ecological protection area shall coordinate the ecological protection compensation resources of various channels, increase ecological environmental protection, and prevent the enjoyment of compensation policies while destroying the ecological environment.
Ecological beneficiary areas should consciously strengthen the awareness of compensation and actively perform compensation responsibilities.
(2) Improve the evaluation mechanism.
On the basis of improving the ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation system, comprehensively evaluate the implementation of ecological protection compensation responsibilities and the effectiveness of ecological protection work, and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism linking the evaluation results to the allocation of transfer payment funds.
To carry out relevant establishment evaluations in accordance with regulations, the implementation of ecological protection compensation responsibilities and the effectiveness of ecological protection work should be regarded as important content.
Promote comprehensive budget performance management of ecological protection compensation funds.
Intensify the publicity of ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation results.
Incorporate the improvement of the ecological environment and basic public services into the performance evaluation system.
Encourage localities to explore the establishment of a green performance appraisal and evaluation mechanism.
(3) Strengthen supervision and accountability.
Strengthen the tracking of the progress of ecological protection and compensation work, carry out the evaluation of the implementation effect of ecological protection and compensation, and include areas and departments with insufficient development of ecological protection and compensation work and outstanding problems into the scope of inspection.
Strengthen the outgoing audit of natural resource assets, and strictly hold accountability and life-long accountability in accordance with regulations, disciplines and laws for those who make blind decisions in disregard of the ecological environment and cause serious consequences.
Relevant departments in all regions must fully understand the importance of deepening the reform of the ecological protection and compensation system, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping’s thoughts on ecological civilization, unify thoughts and actions into the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and strengthen the “four consciousnesses” and strengthen the “four consciousnesses”. Confidence" and "two maintenance", take the initiative to plan, carefully organize, and steadily promote the construction of various systems of ecological civilization, effectively transform the system advantages into governance efficiency, and strive to create the beauty of bluer sky, greener mountains, and clearer water China is building a new situation.