Justice Minister Merrick Garland presented at a press conference several reasons for the lawsuit.
But the main reason is that the Texas abortion law violates the US Constitution.
"The obvious and explicitly recognized intent of this statutory system is to prevent women from exercising their constitutional rights," Garland was quoted as saying by Reuters.
Garland also said there is a risk that more states will follow Texas, and that Biden's government wants to try to curb such attempts.
Disagreeing court blocks law
The Biden government and the Ministry of Justice are thus choosing a legal path to stop the law.
In the past, a dissenting Supreme Court has chosen not to block the law.
The new law basically means a ban on all abortions after the sixth week of pregnancy, a time when many women do not even know they are pregnant.
The law also gives private individuals unique opportunities to report and sue performers of abortions.
Concerns: undermines the right to free abortion
Advocates for abortion in the United States are concerned that the law in Texas will undermine the right to free abortion, which was established in the case of Roe v. Wade in the Supreme Court almost 50 years ago.
President Joe Biden has previously commissioned White House experts to evaluate "legal tools we have to protect women and those who perform abortions from the effects of the Texas bizarre system," NBC News reports.
Hear Swedish Radio's US commentator Ginna Lindberg about the Texas abortion law.
Javascript is disabled
Javascript must be turned on to play video
Read more about browser support
The browser is not supported
SVT does not support playback in your browser.
We therefore recommend that you switch to another browser.
Read more about browser support
Swedish Radio's USA commentator Ginna Lindberg explains how the new abortion law in Texas works.
Photo: Michael M. Santiago / AFP / TT