How to correctly prevent and control hypertension
Recently, the TV series "Sweeping Dark Storm" based on many real cases has become popular.
Each character in the play is not only full of characters, but also the actors' acting skills are also very interesting, especially the very secret detail design, which adds a lot of color to the whole play.
Among them, "Director Hu" played by Sun Hao, the negative character who is keen on soaking wolfberries in a thermos, left a deep impression on the audience. His shots in the office are almost always measuring blood pressure, and every time it is accompanied by a plot The volatility and Sun Hao's wonderful performance made the audience laugh.
As the saying goes: "The layman sees the excitement, the insider sees the doorway." No, "Director Hu", a series of operations in the play by a hypertensive patient, was watched by Li Shengyao, the deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In my eyes, I think "this is simply a'negative teaching material' for hypertensive patients", and hopes that it will cause hypertensive patients to attach great importance to it.
So, what improper operations did "Director Hu" actually do?
Let us listen to the opinions of experts.
A reminder: these improper operations should be avoided
Improper operation one: hold back urine and feces when measuring blood pressure
Expert interpretation: The correct method of measuring blood pressure should be carried out in a quiet state.
Before measuring blood pressure, you must not exercise vigorously, or drink strong tea, coffee, etc. At the same time, you must not sit cross-legged or hold back your bowels during blood pressure measurement. You should rest for at least 10 minutes and then sit on a chair with a backrest to measure blood pressure. , To be able to get accurate blood pressure results.
Improper operation 2: Repeated blood pressure measurement within a day
Expert interpretation: Under normal circumstances, it is recommended to measure blood pressure once in the morning and evening. Director Hu repeatedly measures blood pressure, which means he is anxious. Repeated blood pressure measurement in a short period of time is likely to aggravate anxiety and is even more unfavorable to the measurement result. The accuracy is not necessary.
Improper operation 3: Anxious personality but use wolfberry to lower blood pressure
Expert interpretation: Which Chinese medicine is suitable for hypertensive patients, in fact, needs to be combined with the patient's physique.
Lycium barbarum is a plant with strong vitality and energy. It is very suitable for eliminating fatigue. It can promote blood circulation, prevent atherosclerosis, has the effect of nourishing liver and kidney, and is more suitable for elderly patients.
But in the play, for a profession like the director of a police station, there are a lot of chores and a irritable temper. The wild chrysanthemum and cassia seed soaking in water can lower blood pressure better than wolfberry.
Improper operation 4: Drinking a lot of alcohol on the wine table
Expert interpretation: There is actually no safe dose of alcohol, whether it is liquor, beer, red wine, or the amount, as long as it is alcohol, it will damage the liver.
Alcohol does have a certain effect on blood pressure.
Many patients find that after drinking alcohol and then measuring their blood pressure, they will find a certain decrease in blood pressure.
This is the short-term effect of alcohol, which will dilate blood vessels and cause a short-term drop in blood pressure, but this is just the appearance, and there are more dangerous consequences lurking.
In ancient Chinese medicine, there was a saying of "juke", that is, fainting occurred after drinking alcohol.
Especially for patients and the elderly who are accustomed to taking antihypertensive drugs after meals, drinking alcohol during meals can easily lead to low blood pressure, which in turn induces cerebral infarction and syncope.
Long-term heavy drinking can cause arteriosclerosis and increase blood pressure. Patients with high blood pressure should avoid drinking alcohol as much as possible. If the patient is drinking alcohol all year round, try to control it to no more than one or two at a time.
Weapon B: How can hypertensive patients "eat" healthily
Many hypertensive patients will start to change their eating habits after being diagnosed—only vegetarians, and try to use such eating habits instead of taking antihypertensive drugs.
But things backfired. After a period of dietary guidance, their blood pressure not only did not drop, it was even higher than before!
Why is this?
Didn’t the doctor tell us to have a “low-salt and low-fat” diet?
In fact, everyone has a big misunderstanding of the term "low-salt and low-fat" and is ambiguous about the diet of hypertensive patients.
Can you eat meat?
Shouldn’t you just be vegetarian?
If you eat a vegetarian diet, your blood pressure can be lowered...Feng Huifang, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, gave detailed answers to some of the hot issues that hypertension patients are generally concerned about.
Hot topic one: How to achieve a low-salt and low-fat diet?
Expert answer: I believe everyone understands "low salt", that is, eat less pickles, add less salt in cooking, and consume less than 6g per day.
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However, it should be noted that many things that you usually eat contain a lot of "invisible salt", such as soy sauce, dried seafood, hot pot dipping, preserved fruits, nuts, etc., and people in the Northeast like to eat dipping pickles, this sauce is also Contains very high salt.
Therefore, everyone should eat more fresh foods, and vegetables can be eaten raw with as little sauce as possible.
Many people have a big misunderstanding about "low-fat", thinking that low-fat means not eating meat and not eating animal fat.
In fact, you should know that not only animals have fat, some vegetarian foods also contain a lot of fat. Nuts are just such foods.
After eating too much of these things, the fat intake is still too high.
Many people like to put a lot of oil even when cooking, so the fat intake is not reduced.
Fat is a necessity to maintain the functioning of the body. Many substances are fat-soluble. Eating less is not not skipping. Fish, eggs, and poultry must be eaten. A balanced nutrition is the basis for fighting diseases.
Hot topic 2: Will a long-term vegetarian diet affect blood pressure?
Expert answer: Yes.
But not lowering blood pressure but raising blood pressure.
In the cognition of most people, high blood pressure can only be acquired by those who love to eat big fish, and vegetarians are very healthy.
This kind of thinking is one-sided, and vegetarians can also suffer from high blood pressure.
Studies have shown that people on a vegan diet are prone to hypertension because they suffer from "metabolic syndrome."
"Metabolism syndrome" refers to a series of complications caused by abnormal metabolism.
Usually, there are 3 of the 5 judgment indexes of waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar.
Article 4 of the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents" clearly states: Eat moderate amounts of fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat.
Animal food is a good source of human high-quality protein, lipids, fat-soluble vitamins, B vitamins and minerals, and is an important part of a balanced diet.
Therefore, not eating meat is an unscientific way of eating.
Hot topic three: How do hypertensive patients eat meat?
Expert answer: eating the right meat is good for hypertensive patients.
So the question is, how should hypertension patients eat meat?
1. If kidney function is normal, eating meat 3 times a week is no problem.
The intake refers to about 1 gram per kilogram of body weight as the standard.
If kidney function is impaired, it's a different matter;
2. The preferred order of eating meat should be marine fish-general fish-poultry-red lean meat.
Although there is some emphasis, try to eat a variety of meat foods in a rotation for a period of time, so as to ensure a balanced nutrition.
Patients with high blood pressure should not eat fat meat or chicken skin anyway;
3. If you eat meat for this meal, eat less sugar accordingly, and be sure to use vegetable oil for cooking when cooking;
4. Don't drink alcohol after eating meat, and drink as little strong tea and coffee as possible;
5. While eating meat, you can eat more foods high in potassium and calcium, such as potatoes, taro, eggplant, kelp, lettuce, winter melon and so on.
Milk, yogurt, sesame paste, dried shrimps, green vegetables, etc., have better cardiovascular protection, so you can eat more in moderation;
6. For hypertensive patients, the salt content of salted meat is very high, so it is best not to eat it.
Hot topic 4: How to balance the diet of hypertensive patients?
Expert answer: An important principle for the conditioning of hypertension diet is a balanced diet. If you blindly emphasize the inability to eat and the inability to eat, it will not only affect the patient's confidence in treatment, but also aggravate the condition due to imbalanced nutrition.
Here are the basic principles of "healthy diet" for everyone:
1. There are more vegetables, fruits, milk, and high-protein foods than the average person;
2. There are slightly less whole grains than the average person, and try to use whole shells containing bran;
3. The amount of milk is equivalent to the average person, but it is best to use skimmed products;
4. Protein-rich foods are mainly soy products, fish, and poultry lean meat. Eat less red meat (pork, beef, etc.), and eggs (or fish eggs, shelled seafood) should be moderate, no more than half an egg a day.
C Dispel doubt: Is it necessary to take medicine for life to diagnose high blood pressure?
Hypertension is a common chronic disease. According to the latest data from the China Hypertension Survey, the prevalence rate of hypertension among residents over 18 years of age in my country is 27.9%. Does the uncomfortable feeling have to take medicine?
Can antihypertensive drugs be stopped?
Do I have to take the medicine for life?
According to Wang Yanbin, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, most hypertension patients only measure high blood pressure without any discomfort, but long-term increase in blood pressure can cause problems in the following organs:
1. Heart: Long-term hypertension stimulates myocardial cell hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis to cause left ventricular hypertrophy and dilation. When oxygen consumption increases, it leads to myocardial ischemia, which can often be combined with coronary atherosclerosis and microvascular disease. In severe cases, it can lead to Acute myocardial infarction.
2. Brain: Long-term hypertension can cause ischemia and degeneration of cerebral blood vessels, forming microaneurysms, which can cause cerebral hemorrhage; promote cerebral arteriosclerosis, rupture of atherosclerotic plaques can be complicated by cerebral thrombosis; cerebral arterioles are occluded, causing lumen Intermittent cerebral infarction.
3. Kidney: Long-term hypertension can lead to increased pressure in the glomerular capsule, glomerular fibrosis, atrophy, and renal arteriosclerosis, leading to renal parenchymal ischemia and nephron reduction, leading to chronic renal failure; when malignant hypertension, Kidney failure can occur in a short period of time.
4. Retina: Long-term hypertension leads to early spasm of small retinal arteries, which in turn hardens, and a sudden increase in blood pressure can cause retinal exudation and hemorrhage.
5. Blood vessels: long-term hypertension leads to atherosclerosis, severe arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs can cause ischemia, pain, and even ulcers or necrosis of the lower limbs.
"Therefore, antihypertensive treatment is not simply to lower blood pressure, but to prevent complications in important organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys caused by long-term elevated blood pressure. In outpatient clinics, we often encounter some patients who think As long as hypertension is diagnosed, you have to take medication for life, but it is not the case.” Wang Yanbin said, for the following four types of hypertension patients, medication can be stopped:
1. The blood pressure of patients with first-onset hypertension has been stable for a long time: After the patient has changed their own bad eating habits and lifestyles, the blood pressure has stabilized better, and the blood pressure has been in the normal range for a long time. You can ask the doctor and stop taking the medicine after the doctor agrees. .
2. Secondary hypertension has been alleviated: the cause of hypertension is clarified, and the cause of hypertension is removed after treatment, and blood pressure can gradually return to normal.
At this time, the patient can stop the medication with the consent of the doctor.
3. Complications occur and blood pressure is low: at this time, the patient should not take antihypertensive drugs anymore, and the medication can be stopped.
4. Young people do not necessarily need to take medicine for life: young and middle-aged hypertension is not stable, mainly intermittent blood pressure rise.
Through lifestyle intervention, and drug reduction or withdrawal under the guidance of a doctor, blood pressure can return to normal.
"Therefore, if you have high blood pressure, you must not be blindly afraid of taking medication, and must start antihypertensive treatment as soon as possible under the guidance of a professional doctor." Wang Yanbin said.
Shanxi Evening News reporter Xue Lin Correspondent Kang Xi Ma Jianru
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