Learning from the past and learning from the past丨Learning history from the general secretary: how to inherit the cultural roots of national unity from a trip to Chengde
General Secretary Xi Jinping once emphasized, "Culture is the soul of a nation, and cultural identity is the root of national unity." On August 24, the General Secretary inspected the "cultural business cards" in Chengde, Hebei Province-Chengde Mountain Resort and Puning Temple. , Chengde Museum.
Cultural heritage protection and inheritance, religious work, and national unity are the important keywords of the general secretary's trip.
A mountain villa, half of Qing history
Chengde Mountain Resort, also known as "Rehe Palace", was built in 1703 and completed in 1792.
The area of the villa is equivalent to two Summer Palaces, and it is the largest surviving royal garden in the world.
The Mountain Resort is the summer residence of the Qing Dynasty. It has a pleasant climate and beautiful scenery. It is divided into two parts: the palace area and the garden area according to its functions.
Among them, the palace area is divided into four groups of buildings, the main palace, Songhezhai, Donggong, and Wanhe Songfeng. It is the place for the emperor's daily living, handling affairs, banquets and entertainment, and holding major celebrations.
The garden area includes lake area, plain area and mountain area.
During the more than 130 years of Kangxi and Qianlong's heyday, the Qing emperor spent a lot of time in the Mountain Resort almost every year to deal with important military and political affairs.
The Mountain Resort became the second political center outside the capital in the Qing Dynasty.
The Mountain Resort was built not only to "refuse the heat", but also to unite the ethnic minorities in the border areas and consolidate the unity of the country.
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty realized that as a fortification for thousands of years, the Great Wall, while resisting foreign invasion, also blocked the integration of agricultural civilization and nomadic civilization.
"I gave Khalkha a favor, to guard against the future, and to make the longer city stronger."
In the Mountain Resort, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty received political and religious leaders of border ethnic minorities and foreign envoys.
The Mountain Resort witnessed major historical events such as the return of Tulhute to the east and the suppression of the rebellion in the Junggar tribe of Mongolia.
After Tongzhi, the Qing dynasty declined extremely, and the Mountain Resort, which had been prosperous for more than 100 years, was gradually abandoned and turned into a historical relic.
National unity, rich heritage
On the north side of Chengde Mountain Resort, stands Puning Temple, the largest Tibetan Buddhist temple in northern my country.
Puning Temple was built in 1755.
In order to commemorate the two suppression of the Junggar rebellion, Emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of the Puning Temple, modeled after the Sangyuan Temple in Tibet, which means "to live in peace, enjoy your business, and stay in Puning forever" within the four seas.
Puning Temple is a typical Han-Tibetan temple. The first half is Chinese and the second half is Tibetan. Tibetan Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism are organically integrated here.
Building a temple is worth raising 100,000 soldiers.
The emperor of the Qing Dynasty successively built 12 temples in Chengde, of which 8 temples were directly managed by the Qing dynasty. They were called "Outer Eight Temples" because they were located outside the Great Wall.
In 1994, the Mountain Resort and surrounding temples were included in the World Cultural Heritage List.
△Puning Temple (Photo by Duan Dewen, CCTV reporter)
The "Outer Eight Temples", including Puning Temple, were built in the Qing Dynasty to unite ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, Tibet and other regions for their pilgrimage to the emperor.
"To unite the hearts of the inside and the outside, to become a consolidating industry." The Mountain Resort and surrounding temples creatively resolved the intractable knot of ethnic division in Chinese history and promoted the great integration of the Chinese nation.
"The pluralism of the Chinese nation is a rich heritage left to us by our ancestors, and it is also a huge advantage for our country's development." A month ago, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized when inspecting the Drepung Monastery in Lhasa, "The law of the development of religion lies in'harmony'. Religions must be harmonious, society must be harmonious, and ethnic groups must be harmonious."
In recent domestic inspections, the general secretary has repeatedly emphasized the importance of national unity.
As he said, "A history of China is a history of the integration of various ethnic groups into a pluralistic and unified Chinese nation, and the history of a great motherland created, developed, and consolidated by all ethnic groups together."
Saibei Jiangnan, a cultural gem
Take the true colors of the natural landscape and capture the scenery of the north and south of the Yangtze River.
When the emperor of the Qing Dynasty built the Chengde Mountain Resort, he used the natural terrain to build pavilions.
The villa is integrated with the south and the north, and it combines national attractions in one garden. It has not only the beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River, but also the vast and boundless grasslands, and the rolling mountains with ravines. It is known as "the highest example of Chinese classical gardens." ".
The Mountain Resort is simple and elegant, and the outer eight temples are magnificent and magnificent. The two have formed a sharp contrast in architectural style, creating a model of the integration of the imperial palace and the royal temple, and creating a model of national unity and cultural integration.
The tangible and intangible cultural heritage such as inscriptions, murals, porcelain, lacquer, jade, and Buddha statues collected in the Summer Resort and the Outer Eight Temples vividly record and showcase the rich and colorful Chinese excellent traditional culture.
△The copper bells and pestles collected in the Chengde Museum are one of the gifts presented by the Sixth Panchen Lama to Emperor Qianlong’s birthday.
(Photo by CCTV reporter Ma Lifei)
This time in Chengde, General Secretary Xi Jinping also inspected the Chengde Museum in the northeast of the Mountain Resort.
The general secretary has always attached great importance to the protection of historical and cultural heritage. He proposed to "make the cultural relics collected in the museum, the heritage displayed on the vast land, and the words written in the ancient books all come alive", and he also emphasized the need to "keep our ancestors alive." The cultural heritage of the country is carefully guarded, so that the historical context can be better passed on."
As a world-renowned cultural heritage, Chengde Mountain Resort and its surrounding temples are a treasure house of history and culture, a monument of national unity, shining across time and space.
Producer丨Shen Yong, Zhao Xuehua, Gong Xuehui
Chief Author丨Hou Yan
Broadcast丨Chun Li
Audio Production丨Zhou Tianzong
Editor in charge丨Yu Zhenyi
Vision丨Chen Kuo Zhang Jing
Editor丨Du Hongyang