The meeting of the Central Finance and Economics Committee held on August 17 mentioned three allocations, which aroused widespread public concern.
What is the significance of the three allocations mentioned in this meeting?
What important signal is released?
How to do this job well?
Around these hot issues, reporters from China Economic Net interviewed many experts and scholars.
What is the third allocation?
The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development concept, promote common prosperity in high-quality development, correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, and build basic institutional arrangements for the coordination of primary distribution, redistribution, and three-time distribution.
This is not the first time that the central government has mentioned three allocations.
In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to attach importance to the role of the third distribution and the development of charity and other social welfare undertakings.
In 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China once again proposed to play the role of the third distribution, develop philanthropy, and improve the distribution of income and wealth.
Income distribution is a major issue in economic and social development, related to the vital interests of the people, and the overall situation of reform, development and stability.
Compared with initial distribution and redistribution, three distributions have distinct characteristics in terms of conceptual connotation, distribution participants, and distribution value orientation.
As early as 1994, Li Yining, a well-known economist and professor at Peking University, proposed "three distributions" in "Shareholding System and Modern Market Economy".
He stated that the income distribution achieved through the market is called the "first distribution"; the distribution through government regulation is called the "second distribution"; individuals are voluntary and under the influence of habits and morals. Donating part or most of the disposable income can be called the "third distribution."
In the article "The Third Distribution: Connotation, Features and Policy System" published in January 2020, the Study Times pointed out that the "third time" does not mean that the time sequence must occur after the initial distribution and redistribution. In practice The three are mutually staggered and parallel; some voluntary labor and the initial distribution occur at the same time, and some donations occur before the redistribution and receive tax deductions.
What important signal is released?
"The third distribution has also been mentioned in previous government documents. This meeting is different from the past. It is placed in an important position and has a heavier weight." Senior professor of liberal arts at Zhejiang University, China Income Distribution at Beijing Normal University Li Shi, Executive Dean of the Academy, told a reporter from China Economic Net.
So, what important signal was released when the Central Finance and Economic Commission mentioned three allocations at the meeting?
Li Xunlei, chief economist of Zhongtai Securities, said in an interview with a reporter from China Economic Net that this has released a clearer signal to the whole society, which means that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country must have some means to narrow the income gap and promote common prosperity. Certain progress.
The meeting emphasized that we are moving towards the second centenary goal, to adapt to the changes in the main contradictions of our society, and to better meet the people's growing needs for a better life. We must promote the common prosperity of all the people as the focus of the people's happiness.
According to Li Xunlei's analysis, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that "emphasis on the role of the third distribution and the development of charity and other social welfare undertakings", indicating that the third distribution will become a new supplementary form of my country's income distribution reform.
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party also emphasized the issue of income distribution. In the next 15 years, the focus of reform is to narrow the income gap.
The third distribution is hailed as the "gentle hand" that promotes social fairness and justice.
In an interview with the media, Su Jingchun, an associate researcher of the Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, pointed out that although the redistribution link, which uses finance as the main means, has played a role in balancing fairness to a large extent, it is still not enough. Participate in the third distribution of the main body to help achieve the goal of narrowing the income gap.
How to do the third allocation?
Experts believe that to further expand the scope of the third distribution, increase the scale and total amount of personal donations, and realize the potential, it is also necessary to formulate relevant systems and policies.
Hou Yunchun, former deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, proposed in 2017 to accelerate the reform of the distribution system, increase tax regulation, vigorously promote charitable donations, do a good job in one, two and three distributions, and narrow the income distribution gap.
He believes that in the context of economic globalization, it is necessary to comprehensively consider various international and domestic factors to determine our country's thinking, principles, measures, and steps in the three allocations.
"my country's public welfare undertakings have reached a period of rapid development, and philanthropy has also entered a period of outbreak, but compared with other countries, there are still some shortcomings." Li Shi said on how to encourage the third distribution, especially in the third distribution. On the other hand, there is still a lack of corresponding experience, and we need to learn from developed countries to see how they can encourage people to be more willing to participate in the third distribution in terms of policies and special tax incentives. There is still a lot to do in the future. Space.
Zheng Gongcheng, president of the Chinese Society of Social Security, previously stated that the third distribution is a very necessary and useful supplement to charity and public welfare, and has the unique function of enhancing public welfare, smoothing social relations, and promoting social harmony, which is worthy of attention.
my country needs more effective fiscal and taxation policies to support the development of charity and public welfare undertakings.
Regarding the construction of the charity legal system, Yang Sibin, the deputy dean of the School of Public Administration of the China Institute of Labor Relations, believes that in legislation, it is necessary to look at the charity legal system as a whole, and to organically link up with other laws and support each other; in law enforcement, charitable organizations should be taken into account. The number, ease of establishment, the services of law enforcement agencies and the effects of charitable activities are included in the assessment of the enforcement of the Charity Law.
(China Economic Net reporter Ma Changyan)