The proportion of surface water reaching or better than Class III water bodies will increase to 85%——

　　Continue to fight the clear water defense battle (new economic orientation · focus on the "14th Five-Year" goal)

　　Our reporter Sun Xiuyan

　　"People's Daily" (Version 02 on August 11, 2021)

　　Water is the source of life and an essential element for economic and social development.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, my country's water ecological environmental protection has undergone historic, turning, and overall changes, and the battle to defend clear water has achieved remarkable results.

By the end of 2020, the proportion of nationally controlled sections with surface water quality reaching or better than Grade III has increased to 83.4%.

　　The "14th Five-Year Plan" outline proposes that by 2025, the proportion of surface waters reaching or better than Class III water bodies will reach 85%.

How to treat this binding indicator, what efforts are needed to achieve the goal, and what difficulties will it face?

The reporter interviewed relevant departments and experts.

　　The number of national control sections assessed has increased to 3641, and the failure to meet the standards has been analyzed one by one

　　It needs to be increased by 1.6 percentage points in 5 years. Is this goal easy to achieve?

　　In 2019, among the 1940 national surface water assessment sections, the proportion of sections with good water quality was 74.9%, and this proportion rose to 83.4% within one year.

Wang Dong, deputy chief engineer of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that according to estimates, even if the impact of the epidemic is deducted, the proportion of "good water" at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" is still around 80%.

In addition, the effect of water pollution treatment has a certain lag, and the jump in water quality is a concentrated manifestation of long-term treatment results.

　　According to Zhang Bo, chief engineer of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and director of the Department of Water Ecology and Environment, there are two considerations in setting the 85% indicator: one is to seek progress while maintaining stability.

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, we will not simply pursue the proportion of good water bodies based on the evaluation of physical and chemical indicators of the water environment, and discourage localities from setting excessively high water quality targets. Localities can focus on consolidating achievements and improving quality to promote realization. Continue to improve the water ecological environment, and strive to achieve breakthroughs in the overall promotion of system governance of water resources, water ecology, water environment and other river basin elements.

The second is to seek truth from facts.

The setting of water quality goals insists on proceeding from reality, scientifically and rationally considering the actual conditions such as the connection of rivers and lakes and the influence of natural background, and fully absorbing the reasonable opinions of the locality.

　　The difference is not only reflected in the water quality indicators. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the number of national control sections evaluated increased from 1940 to 3641, which means that the local area is facing greater pressure for evaluation.

　　“From the perspective of target accessibility, the Environmental Planning Institute conducted an in-depth analysis of the current water quality categories, over-standard index items, over-standard frequencies, and over-standard multiples of the 3641 nationally controlled sections that did not reach Class III.” Wang Dong said, Natural. Sections that exceed the standards due to background are uncontrollable, and sections that exceed the standards due to human factors should be the focus of work during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.

　　Transition from pollution control to basin element system control

　　Large-scale construction of sewage treatment plants to improve treatment capacity; strengthen the construction of pipe networks and strive to increase the sewage collection rate; rely on special water projects to promote the improvement of water environment quality with the application of science and technology... In the past few five years, my country's water pollution prevention and control The path is clear, and good results have been achieved.

However, recently, due to lagging pipeline network construction and poor sludge disposal and other water-related environmental problems, many places have been notified by the Central Ecological Environmental Protection Inspectorate, which also reflects the current problems in water environmental governance.

　　Wang Dong said that although the clear water defense war has achieved remarkable results and laid a solid foundation for the realization of the "14th Five-Year Plan" goal, the structural, root, and trend pressures of my country's water ecological environment protection have not been fundamentally relieved. First, the task of water environment governance Still arduous, the second is that the problem of water ecological damage is more common.

　　In the next five years, how to face the problem, make up for the shortcomings, and use rigidity indicators as the starting point to promote the continuous improvement of surface water quality?

　　"We will continue to adhere to the management of landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, grasses and sands, adhere to accurate, scientific, and legal pollution control, with water ecological protection and restoration as the core, coordinate water resources, water ecology, water environment and other factors, and consolidate and deepen the results of the defense of clear water." Zhang Bo said that in the future, in accordance with the thinking of "river and lake leadership, three waters overall planning", we will guide local governments to clarify the problems, crux, countermeasures, and implementation of "where are the four", and clarify key tasks and projects in a targeted manner and advance them steadily. .

　　It is very meaningful to take water ecological protection and restoration as the center.

"A good water ecosystem is not only the high-level goal of water environmental governance, but also a powerful means to improve water quality." Wang Dong said that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment recently issued the "Technical Guidelines for Water Purification of Constructed Wetlands", which well reflects the improvement of water by ecological methods. The concept of environment also shows that the governance thinking is shifting from pollution control to the systematic control and overall promotion of water resources, water ecology, water environment and other basin elements.

　　The good news is that the work of making up for shortcomings is speeding up.

The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Urban Sewage Treatment and Resource Utilization Development Plan" issued a few days ago clarified that 80,000 kilometers of sewage collection pipeline network will be added and transformed.

In Shanghai, Kunming and other places, pilot rainwater primary treatment has been launched; in Zhejiang, the ecological buffer zone of rivers and lakes is helping to restore water ecology; in key water areas such as Jialing River and Fenhe, long-term observation of agricultural non-point source pollution has begun...

　　Efforts to solve the outstanding water ecological environment problems around the people

　　In the early morning, on the east bank of Nanming River in Nanming District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, many citizens practice morning exercises in the Waterfront Leisure Park.

"The clear water of childhood is back!" Citizen Yan Chunyan was very emotional about the changes in Nanming River.

　　"We have built 16 sinking and reclaimed water plants in the Nanming River Basin, and provide 450 million tons of ecological water to the Nanming River every year, completely eliminating black and odorous water bodies, and the quality of Class III water in 2020 will reach more than 5 months." Director of China Water Environment Group Chang Hou Feng said.

　　Living near the water and playing in the water has always been the expectation of the people, and it is also one of the goals of water ecological environment management.

Zhang Bo said that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment should inherit and carry forward the good experience and practices of the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, in-depth fight for the treatment of urban black and odorous water bodies and the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River, and strive to solve the prominent water ecological environment problems around the people.

“Consolidate and improve the effectiveness of governance, promote the governance of black and odorous water bodies in the county, and promote the protection and construction of'beautiful rivers and lakes' to create more and better water spaces and experiences for the people.”

　　The "14th Five-Year Plan" did not set specific indicators for water bodies inferior to Category V.

How to ensure that the results already achieved do not rebound?

　　Wang Dong said that in the "14th Five-Year Plan" technical outline for water ecological and environmental protection in key river basins, the proportion control index for water bodies inferior to Category V was designed, which is in line with the task of basically eliminating the nationally controlled sections inferior to Category V in the "14th Five-Year Plan". echo.

Not only that, the special plan also specially designed "people-friendly indicators", paying more attention to the water bodies around the people, making the people more susceptible to changes in water quality, easier to monitor, and thus have more sense of acquisition.

　　"Water governance" not only has the baton of binding indicators, it transmits pressure in a timely manner, compacts the main responsibility of local governments, and promotes the continuous improvement of the national water ecological environment quality. It also guarantees the working mechanism.

　　According to reports, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment is constantly improving the mechanism for problem discovery and resolution. Through analysis of early warning, dispatch notification, independent investigation, follow-up and supervision, etc., it analyzes the water ecological environment situation month by month, and accurately identifies outstanding problems and lagging areas. Early warning is issued in time. Carry out scheduling consultations in areas where water environment standards are lagging behind, and urge relevant places to analyze the reasons for the lag and implement rectification measures; to organize independent investigations, implement inventory management, and cancel numbers one by one in response to long-delayed problems.