On June 25, with the opening of the Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway, the Fuxing Plateau dual-source EMUs entered Tibet, historically achieving full coverage of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) by Fuxing.
High-speed rail, the constant refresher of China's speed, the witness and recorder of China's development, is also a shining business card for China to go global.
As of the end of last year, China's railway operating mileage has reached 146,000 kilometers, of which high-speed railways reached 38,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. "Sitting on high-speed rail to see China" has become the epitome of the good life of the Chinese people in the new era.
From 35 kilometers per hour to 350 kilometers per hour, "a thousand miles of Beijing and Shanghai in one day" has become a reality
In October 1909, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, the first railway independently designed and constructed by the Chinese, opened to traffic; in December 2019, the world's first intelligent high-speed rail with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway, opened to traffic, opening the world's first intelligent high-speed rail.
From the breakthrough of independent design and construction to the world's most advanced level, from 35 kilometers per hour to 350 kilometers per hour, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou line has witnessed the development of China's railways and the leap in China's comprehensive national strength.
The quantity is small, the layout is partial, the standards are mixed, and the quality is poor. The huge northwest and southwest are almost blank... At the beginning of New China, there were only 22,000 kilometers of railways in the country, and the per capita length was only "half a cigarette".
Not only the railway mileage is low, the standards are low, and nearly half of them are in a state of paralysis. China does not yet have its own locomotives, and workers can only assemble and repair locomotives using old foreign parts.
As of 1949, there were 4,069 locomotives that can be counted in China, and there are as many as 198 types of locomotives, which is called the "World Locomotive Museum".
The Communists do not believe in evil and are not afraid of evil, so they are determined to throw this hat out.
In 1952, when Zhu De inspected Qingdao Sifang Railway Locomotive Factory, he proposed that "the workers of Sifang Locomotive Factory should stand up for the Chinese people and build their own domestic locomotives." This started the journey of my country's self-manufacturing of steam locomotives.
Don't know what to do?
You can only learn, explore, experiment, and improve yourself against the clock.
Workers forget to sleep and eat, eat and live in the factory, do middle school, and do middle school. After countless failures and countless repetitions, they have independently developed and produced more than 10,000 large and small parts, finally turning their dream of manufacturing Chinese locomotives into a dream. Reality.
On the evening of July 26, 1952, in the south square of Qingdao Sifang Railway Machinery Factory (now CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd.), people's long-awaited siren sound accompanied by the sound of rumbling wheels from far to near declared to the world: The history that the Chinese cannot build their own locomotives is over!
This is the first steam locomotive made in New China and was named "August One".
In the decades that followed, the "August One" traveled to almost every corner of the country, and it was not until 1992 that it was honorably "retired."
In the 1960s, in the face of the increasingly prominent contradiction between transportation capacity and transportation volume, a large number of railway science and technology workers put forward the idea of increasing the tonnage of trains and increasing the speed of operation. The "internal combustion era" has come, and there have been several issues such as Dongfeng. Various models of diesel locomotives were put into mass production.
In the 1980s, the speed of foreign high-speed trains reached 300 kilometers per hour, while the travel speed of Chinese passenger trains was only 43 kilometers per hour.
"To get rich, build roads first", China's railway transformation and speed-up has kicked off.
After long-term struggle, my country has successively built a large number of main railway lines such as Daqin and Beijing-Kowloon, and a large number of double-track railways and main line electrification projects such as Hengguang and Lanxin.
In April 1996, China's first fast passenger train "Xianxing" was launched from Shanghai Station at a speed of 140 kilometers per hour, and the journey from Shanghai to Nanjing was 2 hours and 48 minutes, creating a precedent for speeding up China's existing railway lines.
Even so, China's railways still cannot meet the needs of China's rapid economic development.
my country's exploration of high-speed rail began in the 1990s. At the end of 1990, the former Ministry of Railways issued the "Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Line Plan Concept Report", followed by the development of domestic high-speed trains such as "Pioneer", "Blue Sword" and "China Star".
On October 11, 2003, my country's first self-built high-speed railway, the Qin-Shen Passenger Dedicated Line, was completed and put into operation.
When entering the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", China's "iron and steel dragon" finally saw the hope of catching up with the world.
On April 18, 2007, the nation implemented the sixth major speed increase, with the "Harmony" EMU train running at a speed of more than 200 kilometers per hour. The maximum speed of some sections of the Shanghai-Nanjing section reached 250 kilometers per hour, surpassing the wind speed of the 12th typhoon.
On June 26, 2017, the Fuxing EMU train independently developed by my country and with completely independent intellectual property rights was officially launched in both directions on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail that day. It ran at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, and the Beijing-Shanghai operation time was shortened to 4 hours and 28 minutes. , "A thousand miles of Beijing and Shanghai will return in one day" has become a reality.
"This indicates that China's high-speed rail EMU technology has entered a new stage of autonomy, standardization, and serialization, and has realized China's historic transformation from a chaser of advanced high-speed rail technology to a leader." China Railway Science Research Institute Group Co., Ltd. Locomotive Zhang Bo, deputy director of the Vehicle Research Institute, said that of the 254 important standards for Fuxing, 213 are Chinese standards.
Today, my country's high-speed, high-altitude, high-cold, and heavy-haul railway technologies have reached the world's leading level, and the intelligent high-speed railway technology has been fully autonomous. Fuxing has formed a series of EMUs covering speeds of 160 kilometers to 350 kilometers per hour.
From Qianjin, Dongfeng, Shaoshan, to Harmony and Fuxing, from steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, electric locomotives to EMUs... Generations of railway people have dared to take the lead, climb the peak, and create the speed of China.
19 models adapt to different operating environments in the -40℃ high-cold area and the plateau area at an altitude of 5,100 meters. The "Steel Dragon" is flying across the land of China
At 10:30 on June 25th, the D2021 Fuxing train sounded its bagpipes, starting from Lhasa and heading for Nyingchi, marking the official opening of the Lalin Railway and the first appearance of the Fuxing Highland dual-source EMU.
The Lalin Railway is located in the valley of southeastern Tibet between the Gangdis Mountains and the Himalayas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. More than 90% of the lines are above 3000 meters above sea level. It crosses the Yarlung Zangbo River 16 times. The mountains along the line are high and deep, with a relative elevation difference of 2500 meters. The construction is difficult. great.
The reporter learned that not only in the construction of the Lalin railway, the demonstration and leading role of scientific and technological innovation has been fully brought into play, but also in the development of locomotives, there is also a sense of science and technology.
This type of EMU has a green body of Guohuai, belongs to the "Hulk" family, and can reach a maximum speed of 160 kilometers per hour.
But unlike other "Hulks", this high-altitude dual-source EMU is capable of stunts.
"This is an EMU tailor-made for the Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway by China National Railway Group Co., Ltd." Huang Jin, director of the Traction and Brake Research Office of the Locomotive and Rolling Stock Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co., Ltd., said that for the plateau railway Operating conditions, the EMU has dual power sources of internal combustion and electric power. It adopts an integrated design. The two ends of the train are equipped with electric power vehicles and internal combustion power vehicles. The middle trailer is composed of 12 vehicles, which can adapt to high altitudes and grow up. tunnel.
It is precisely because of the two power sources that this EMU can switch the internal electricity mode without stopping during operation, realizing that the electrified section adopts internal combustion emergency traction self-rescue and emergency train power supply.
At the same time, the diesel engine equipped with this EMU is the highest altitude and most powerful highland unit in the world, which can meet the operating needs of the altitude span within 5100 meters.
In view of the plateau operating environment and passenger comfort, the insulation, sealing, and UV resistance of components have also been improved; the innovative use of an independent suspended cab structure can effectively reduce vibration and improve driving comfort.
Not only that, the EMU also has a powerful oxygen production system-the "dispersion + distributed" dual-mode oxygen production system. The oxygen production unit and the air conditioning unit are interconnected and mutually controlled to adapt to the application in high altitude areas.
"During normal operation, a diffuse mode is used to continuously provide oxygen with a suitable concentration; in an emergency, a distributed mode is used to provide high-concentration emergency oxygen." The relevant person in charge of China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. told reporters that this is the first time that a complete train has been realized in the world. Group of diffuse oxygen supply.
The series of “stunning skills” of the dual-source EMU of the Fuxing Plateau are just a microcosm of the continuous exploration and innovation in the development of China's high-speed rail, and the realization of scientific and technological self-reliance.
Riding over the lofty mountains and ridges, galloping across the snowy plateaus, traveling through the southern water towns... The "steel dragon" is flying across the vast land of China. In order to adapt to the complex and diverse geographical and climatic environment, the Fuxing EMU has continued to innovate and develop, forming a "super sky group" ".
Since the Chinese standard EMU was officially named "Fuxing" on June 25, 2017, for four years, 19 models have been put into use, with speeds ranging from 160 kilometers to 350 kilometers per hour, including 8 to 18 vehicles. The marshalling type can be adapted to different operating environments in the -40 degrees Celsius and high-cold areas and plateau areas with an altitude of 5,100 meters.
According to different driving environments in different regions, it is equipped with corresponding standard EMUs.
At the beginning of this year, the Beijing-Harbin high-speed rail line was completed, and the high-cold version of "Red Dragon" (CR400AF-G) and "Jinfeng" (CR400BF-G) Fuxing EMUs were unveiled at the same time.
According to Ma Kai, the vehicle design manager and senior engineer of CRRC Changchun, the CR400BF-G high-cold EMU is based on the standard version of Fuxing EMU to improve the high-cold adaptability technology. It will start on the Beijing-Zhangzhou, Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail lines in 2019. The trains have been put into use one after another. By adopting measures such as a sealed snow-proof structure, low-temperature anti-freezing, and condensate prevention, the train can run at minus 40°C and 350km/h.
"The first addition of the'basic brake anti-freezing function'. When the train is parked, the bicycle brake pads and brake discs are released for 55 seconds each time, and held for 5 seconds. Each car will cycle in turn to prevent low temperature ice and snow conditions. The brake caliper freezes."
The aerodynamic drag is reduced by 7.9%, the energy consumption is reduced by 10%, and the entire train of WiFi coverage smart high-speed rail dresses up the "Chinese name card"
At 8:50 on June 25th, Mr. Li embarked on the G5 high-speed train from Beijing to Shanghai Hongqiao.
After seated, he found that unlike the previous Fuxing, a USB charging port was added to the back of the second-class seat in front of him, making it more convenient to use a mobile phone and charge.
The changes are more than these. A 29-inch widescreen TV is installed on the top of the carriage, which can display train operation and entertainment program information at the same time on the left and right split screens; the toilet is equipped with intelligent lighting, when someone enters, it can automatically adjust the brightness of the light, and add "No smoking "Voice prompt; add a vending machine to the dining car...
It turned out that the train he was riding was a Fuxing intelligent EMU.
"The facilities are more complete and the service is more user-friendly." Mr. Li said.
On the same day, with the implementation of the national railway train operation chart for the third quarter, the Fuxing Intelligent EMU was expanded to Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Harbin, Xulan and Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed rails, covering Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liao, Kyrgyzstan, and Heilongjiang. 18 provincial-level administrative regions such as, Shanghai, etc., radiate areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin City Economic Circle.
Compared with the Fuxing Intelligent EMU put into use on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway, the Fuxing Intelligent EMU, which has been expanded and put into use this time, has once again been optimized and upgraded.
In recent years, the new concept of "green, smart, safe, and humanistic" has been fully integrated into the construction process of China's high-speed rail, and new technologies have continued to lead new developments.
At the end of 2019, my country's first intelligent high-speed rail line, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed rail, was officially opened.
The Fuxing Intelligent EMU with completely independent intellectual property rights was the first to be put into use on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway. Compared with the standard Fuxing EMU, it has added intelligent functions such as passenger service, train operation, and safety monitoring. Welcome from operation and maintenance personnel.
Based on the experience accumulated in the operation and service of the Fuxing Intelligent EMU over the past two years and the opinions and suggestions of passengers, the Fuxing Intelligent EMU, which has been expanded and put into use this time, has optimized and upgraded related equipment functions and services.
Take the Fuxing Intelligent EMU organized by China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. and developed by CRRC Changchun Rail Passenger Car Co., Ltd. as an example.
This series of EMUs achieves full WiFi coverage, which can not only provide intelligent passenger services, but also realize intelligent operation and maintenance and intelligent driving.
"We adopt the Ethernet control technology maturely used in the intelligent EMU of the Fuxing Jingzhang high-speed railway, and the data transmission speed is increased by more than 60 times, which greatly improves the information transmission efficiency. On this basis, the train applies the on-board safety monitoring system and on-board fault prediction. And the health management system can not only monitor the status of each system of the vehicle in real time, but also realize the early warning and prediction of train failures, data collection and storage, and health status evaluation by constructing a big data analysis platform integrated with the vehicle and ground.” CRRC Changchun Railway The person in charge of the Bus Co., Ltd. told reporters that this is like taking a "doctor on board" to escort passengers.
The train monitoring room realizes multi-screen integration, which can monitor multiple train data at the same time. Through the linkage function of the train network and the carriage video, when fireworks, overcrowding, passengers trigger the emergency button, door abnormality, etc. alarms, the carriage video linkage alarm can be used Quickly confirm and deal with faults, and pre-warning and predicting fault information in advance.
Not only that, through the optimized design of the car shape, the aerodynamic resistance of this type of Fuxing Intelligent EMU is reduced by 7.9% compared with Fuxing CR400BF EMU, which can save energy consumption by 10% and further enhance the green and environmental attributes of the train.
Smart, green, and convenient, giving passengers a brand-new experience.
With the promotion and application of new technologies and new materials, China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. strictly implements the national innovation-driven development strategy, closely focusing on economic development and the needs of people's travel, and continues to increase scientific and technological innovation.
According to Lu Dongfu, Chairman of China Railway Group, the "CR450 Technology Innovation Project" has been launched, and will develop a new generation of higher-speed, safer, more environmentally friendly, more energy-saving, and smarter new products for the Fuxing EMU to achieve a higher level of high-speed rail in my country. The speed of commercial operation continued to consolidate my country's high-speed rail leading advantage.
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Family members of Fuxing
With the introduction of the Fuxing plateau internal electric dual-source EMUs into Tibet on June 25 and the expansion of the Fuxing intelligent EMUs, the Fuxing EMU family increased to 19 models, namely:
CR400AF, CR400AF-A
CR400AF-B, CR400AF-C
CR400AF-G, CR400AF-Z
CR400AF-BZ, CR400BF
CR400BF-A, CR400BF-B
CR400BF-C, CR400BF-G
CR400BF-Z, CR400BF-BZ
CR400BF-GZ, CR300AF
CR300BF, CR200J
Fuxing Plateau dual-source EMU
Among them, CR is the abbreviation of China Railway, that is, China Railway.
The numbers 400, 300, and 200 refer to the speed level, 400 refers to 350 kilometers per hour, 300 refers to 250 kilometers per hour, and 200 refers to 160 kilometers per hour.
"A" and "B" are the manufacturer's logos, A stands for Sifang shares, and B stands for Changke shares.
"F" and "J" are the technical type codes, "F" represents the power decentralized EMU, and "J" represents the power centralized EMU.
Because of their different body designs, they were nicknamed "Red Dragon", "Golden Phoenix", "Smurf", and "Hulk" by netizens.
Memorabilia of Fuxing
July 2016
Two Chinese standard EMUs successfully carried out a comprehensive test of 420 kilometers per hour rendezvous and reconnection on the Zhengzhou-Xujiang high-speed railway.
June 25, 2017
The Chinese standard EMU was officially named "Fuxing".
The first to arrive was the CR400 series of Fuxing, with CR400AF and CR400BF models.
September 2017
The Fuxing EMU has achieved commercial operation at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail, which is the world's highest speed for high-speed rail operations.
December 30, 2019
The Fuxing intelligent EMU is operated on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway. This is China's first intelligent EMU with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, and it is the first time in the world to realize automatic driving at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour.
Early 2021
CR400AF-G and CR400BF-G Gaohan Fuxing EMUs are running on the newly opened Beijing-Harbin high-speed rail.
The CR300AF and CR300BF two 250km/h EMUs have been put into operation on multiple high-speed rails.
June 25, 2021
The electric dual-source EMU of the Fuxing plateau entered Tibet, and the intelligent EMU of Fuxing expanded its operation range.
Our reporter Wang Zhen