Regarding the comprehensive food production capacity as a binding indicator——
Firmly hold on to the initiative of food security (new economic orientation · focus on the goals of the "14th Five-Year Plan")
The people regard food as their heaven.
In 2020, my country’s total grain output will reach 1,339 billion jin. Grain production capacity has stood at 1.3 trillion jin for six consecutive years, achieving the “17 consecutive harvests”, and the per capita share of grain will exceed 470 kilograms, which is significantly higher than the international food security standards. The line per capita is 400 kilograms.
my country uses 9% of the world's arable land and 6% of freshwater resources to solve the food problem of about 20% of the world's population. The Chinese people's rice bowl is firmly in their own hands.
Under the circumstances that the grain production has been harvested year after year and the grain production situation continues to improve, why does the "14th Five-Year Plan" still attach great importance to grain production and set the comprehensive grain production capacity as a binding indicator for economic and social development?
Why is the grain production capacity greater than 650 million tons during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period?
How to ensure the realization of this binding target?
Ensure food security is placed in a prominent position, so that grains are basically self-sufficient and food rations are absolutely safe
“We are busy cutting wheat and planting rice seedlings, and planting rice seedlings at night.” The farmers of the Yanfei Nuomi Specialty Cooperative in Fengtai County, Anhui Province are busy drying the newly harvested wheat and planting rice seedlings in the whole field.
"The minimum purchase prices for rice and wheat have increased in the past two years. We can grow grain without worry!" Chen Hongbin, the chairman of the cooperative, has become more confident in growing grain. This year the cooperative has planted more than 3,800 mu of high-quality wheat, and the land transfer area has increased over the previous year. Over a thousand acres.
The food is safe in the world, and the farm is stable.
Establishing the comprehensive grain production capacity as a binding indicator for economic and social development is a need to consolidate the foundation of a big country and an inevitable requirement for the overall strategy of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Zhang Hongyu, deputy dean of the China Rural Research Institute of Tsinghua University, said that historical experience has repeatedly proved that food security must be placed in a prominent position, so that grains are basically self-sufficient and food rations are absolutely safe.
Chen Mengshan, director of the National Food and Nutrition Advisory Committee, said that in the historical process of the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", at the historical juncture of marching towards the second centenary goal, we must clearly understand that we must fully build a modern socialist country. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the most arduous and arduous task still lies in the countryside, and the most extensive and deepest foundation still lies in the countryside.
Without the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, there would be no modernization of the entire country.
From the perspective of major changes in the world that have not been seen in a century, maintaining the fundamentals of agriculture and maintaining the foundation of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" is the "ballast stone" for responding to the situation and opening a new game.
"Establishing a binding index for comprehensive food production capacity is an important task in advancing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas." said Ye Xingqing, director of the Rural Economic Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council.
The establishment of comprehensive grain production capacity as a binding indicator for economic and social development is based on a profound understanding of the world’s national conditions and agricultural conditions and a strategic vision for future development.
On the one hand, the situation of tight world food supply has not changed. The restrictive pressure to increase food production capacity has long existed, and the gap in total production and demand will continue to expand.
According to the "State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World" issued by the International Food and Agriculture Organization in July 2020, nearly 690 million people worldwide suffered from hunger in 2019, an increase of 10 million compared with 2018 and an increase of nearly 60 million compared with 5 years ago.
Chen Mengshan believes that due to the global pandemic of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the risk of global food production reduction or supply chain disruption still exists, and food security is closely linked to the national movement and people's livelihood.
On the other hand, my country's medium and long-term grain production and demand will still maintain a tight balance, and there is a certain pressure for stable development of grain.
Wei Houkai, director of the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that we must deeply grasp the situation of the world, national conditions and agricultural conditions, continue to lay a solid foundation for food security, and use the certainty of stable domestic production and supply to deal with the uncertainty of the external environment and consolidate the foundation for food security.
The indicators are in line with my country's actual productivity level, but also can hold the responsibility for food security
The ridges are full of gold, and the wheat harvest season is welcome again.
"Look at the heavy grains, gratifying! The 100,000 mu of land that our cooperative has circulated are all planted with wheat, and this year is another bumper harvest!" Li Jie, chairman of the Xintiandi Plantation Cooperative in Xingyang City, Henan Province, smiled very happily. The cooperative has 203 members, and it radiates 12,000 farmers in 5 surrounding towns to plant 40,000 mu of strong gluten wheat. It has also set up branches in 6 nearby counties and cities to plant 60,000 mu of strong gluten wheat.
Positioning the grain production capacity at more than 650 million tons is determined by my country's total grain consumption demand.
Although my country's grain crops have been harvested year after year and grain output has been operating at a high level, grain consumption is still in a tight balance.
Food consumption, in a broad sense, includes the total amount of food consumed by all residents and the sum of the demand for food by the processing industry.
Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, analyzed that 650 million tons of grain production capacity can meet my country's total grain consumption demand during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and stabilize the economic and social development of the ballast.
According to the "National Food Production Development Plan (2006-2020)" issued by the former Ministry of Agriculture in 2006, by 2020, my country's total domestic food demand will reach about 1,130 billion catties.
Zhong Yu, a food expert from the Institute of Agricultural Economic Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that based on the total food consumption in 2019 and the 2006 plan, the "14th Five-Year" grain production capacity is positioned at more than 650 million tons, or 1.3 trillion catties. The above is in line with the national conditions of my country's grain consumption and matches the economic and social development.
Cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production. The grain production capacity is positioned at more than 650 million tons, which is determined by my country's land output capacity.
"The output capacity of arable land lies not only in the amount of cultivated land, but also in the output capacity per unit of arable land." said Liu Yansui, a researcher at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
From the perspective of the guaranteed output capacity of the arable land area, the grain sown area in 2020 will be 1.75 billion mu, of which the grain sown area will reach 1.469 billion mu.
The use of cultivated land area has approached the extreme value of cultivated land retention.
Judging from the actual level of output capacity per unit of arable land, my country's grain production capacity per unit area in 2020 will be 382 kg per mu.
In terms of grains, the production capacity per unit area is 420 kg per mu.
The output capacity of grain units is a comprehensive manifestation of the development level of social productivity. At present, the scientific and technological contribution rate of my country's agriculture has reached 60%.
Kong Xiangzhi, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, said that from the perspective of the national conditions of my country’s arable land and the level of productivity development, the 14th Five-Year Plan has positioned the grain production capacity at more than 650 million tons, which is in line with my country’s actual productivity level and can carry Responsibility for stabilizing food security.
The comprehensive grain production capacity is complete to ensure that the output, supply, and supply are excellent
In the Northeast, the promotion of conservation farming models has given the black soil a new lease of life.
"Using straws as a quilt for the soil makes the land more vigorous." Chang Yabin, the head of the Yabin Planting Cooperative in Sangang Township, Nong'an County, Jilin Province, calculated an account and used this technology to reduce the application of 200 kilograms of fertilizer per hectare of land. About 500 kilograms of grain production increased.
With a grain production capacity of more than 650 million tons, how can this plan be achieved?
First, the policy of strengthening farmers, benefiting farmers and rich peasants should be implemented steadily, with stable policies, stable areas, and stable production, and the supply of grain production systems must be continuously strengthened.
Professor Zeng Yesong, an expert on agricultural issues at the Central Party School, said that the "three stability" stabilizes grain production capacity.
To stabilize the policy, it is necessary to strengthen the institutional supply of grain production.
Stabilize and improve policies and measures to support grain production, give full play to the advantages of major grain production areas, improve the benefit compensation mechanism for major grain production areas, and improve the reward and subsidy policy for major grain producing counties.
To stabilize the area, it is necessary to stabilize the permanent basic farmland, stabilize the construction of high-standard farmland, stabilize the sown area of grain, and strictly adhere to the red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land.
To stabilize production, it is necessary to consolidate the agricultural foundation, ensure the effective supply of important agricultural products, implement important agricultural product protection strategies, and strengthen top-level design and system planning.
Second, from the "rice bag" governor responsibility system to "grain security, the party and government are equally responsible", from the "synchronization of the four modernizations" to insisting on prioritizing the development of agriculture and rural areas, the responsibility system and mechanism for stabilizing food security must be continuously improved.
This year’s Central Document No. 1 pointed out that local party committees and governments at all levels must earnestly shoulder the political responsibility for food security and implement the same responsibility for food security.
Pan Wenbo, director of the Department of Planting Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, stated that following the establishment of the provincial governor responsibility system for food security at the end of 2014, this year my country will promote the implementation of "the party and government for food security," and "through better use of the'baton' of food security assessment. To optimize and improve the assessment and scoring standards, strengthen the hard constraints on stable grain production, and promote the formation of a joint force for the party committee and government to work together to ensure national food security."
Insist on giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, and continuously improve the mechanism for increasing grain production capacity.
Zhang Hongyu said that the “four priorities” will benefit the development of agriculture and rural areas, rural industries, and the increase in food production capacity.
Third, the development strategy of "hiding grain in the ground and storing grain in technology" continues to advance, structural reforms on the agricultural supply side continue to deepen, and the comprehensive grain production capacity needs to be transformed and upgraded.
"Two Tibet" means the comprehensive grain production capacity to ensure that the grain is produced, supplied, and well supplied.
In the next two years, my country will ensure that 100 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built every year, and 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland will be built by 2022.
my country has fully completed the delineation of 1.058 billion mu of grain production functional areas and important agricultural production protection areas, and high-standard farmland construction projects are prioritized to the "two districts".
To store food in technology, it is necessary to accelerate breakthroughs in key agricultural technologies, organize and implement joint research on rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and improved varieties of livestock and poultry, speed up the selection and promotion of high-quality grass seeds, and accelerate the integrated innovation and popularization of advanced practical technologies.
To strengthen consumption reduction technology.
Vigorously promote advanced technologies such as soil testing and formula fertilization, unified prevention and control, green prevention and control, and mulching to reduce the total amount of agricultural water use. The utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been continuously improved, soil pollution has been effectively controlled, and sustainable development has been achieved.
Food production basically lies in arable land, the lifeline lies in water conservancy, the way out lies in science and technology, and the driving force lies in policy.
These key points must be continuously deepened through the "14th Five-Year Plan" period to continuously deepen the structural reforms of the agricultural supply side, one by one, to implement them, grasp them in place, and strive to achieve new breakthroughs in food production on a high basis.