The central ecological and environmental protection inspector unveiled the tip of the polluted iceberg in Dianchi Lake. The
development and construction of the real estate project around the lake is lined up and at least 100 million tons of sewage is directly discharged into the inner lake every year.
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● In addition to poor local pollution interception, Dianchi Lake is being completely enclosed by real estate projects, "competing with the lake for land, space, and ecology with the lake", even to the point where "nothing is allowed".
Changyao Mountain on the south bank of Dianchi Lake turned into a "cement mountain"
● Due to the prominent problem of scoring sideballs due to "thread development", the protection of Dianchi Lake by the "Regulations on the Protection of Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province" has been greatly reduced
● Pollution control of Dianchi Lake is a systematic project. A large number of real estate developments around the lake have artificially cut off the natural ecosystem of Dianchi Lake, and the landscape, forest, field, lake and grass system of Dianchi Lake is also difficult to maintain intact.
□ Newspaper reporter Jianrong Yan/Picture
The Dianchi Lake in Kunming, Yunnan is one of the earliest treatment projects launched in the history of pollution prevention in my country. It has spanned at least five 5-year plans, but monitoring shows that the water quality of Dianchi Lake is still slightly polluted.
Why is the pollution of Dianchi Lake still not cured after 25 years?
In April of this year, the Eighth Central Ecological and Environmental Protection Supervision Group (hereinafter referred to as the Supervisory Group) revealed the tip of the iceberg when it inspected the sinking of Kunming.
The inspection team investigated a number of real estate projects around Dianchi Lake and found that in addition to poor local pollution interception, Dianchi Lake is being completely enclosed by real estate projects, "competing land, space, and ecology with the lake", and even reached an inch of land. Not to the point of.
Changyao Mountain on the south bank of Dianchi Lake turned into a "cement mountain".
Due to the "sticky development" and the prominent problem of scoring the sideball, the protective effect of the Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") on the protection of Dianchi Lake has been greatly reduced.
A large number of real estate projects launched in violation of laws and regulations have not only severely damaged the integrity of the ecosystem of Dianchi Lake, but also caused the integration of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass in Dianchi Lake to be artificially cut off.
The inspection team pointed out that Kunming’s delay in formulating and issuing Dianchi protection plans in accordance with the "Regulations" has resulted in long-term no "regulations" for the protection of Dianchi. The phenomenon of "development around the lake" and "tracking development" has intensified.
A reporter from the Rule of Law Daily followed the inspection team in Kunming and discovered that the disorderly development of the Dianchi real estate project exposed only the tip of the iceberg of the "long-term cure" of pollution control in Dianchi.
Rain and sewage diversion is not complete, and the urban sewage collection pipeline network is in long-term debt. More than 100 million tons of sewage is directly discharged into Dianchi Lake every year. To maintain the water quality of Dianchi Lake, hundreds of millions of tons of "ecological" replenishment are still needed... The reason.
The number of residents has doubled
The pollution load has increased significantly
The inspection team stationed in Yunnan will definitely look at the improvement of the water quality of Dianchi Lake.
Without exception, as soon as Zhai Qing, deputy leader of the inspection team, and his entourage arrived in Kunming, they focused on improving the water quality of Dianchi Lake.
In the early morning of April 14, the inspection team came to Plot No. 5 (hereinafter referred to as Plot No. 5) in Caohai of Dianchi Lake in the Xishan District of Kunming City.
Plot No. 5 is a large-scale real estate project. There are 7 real estate companies in the plot that are under construction at the same time.
"The No. 5 block project was approved by planning and is being developed in strict accordance with the "Regulations." In front of a display board next to the sales office of block 5, the deputy head of Xishan District introduced the development of the project to the inspection team. It has been repeatedly emphasized that Lot 5 was developed and constructed in accordance with the law.
While listening and asking, the inspection team entered the Caohai Class I protected area tens of meters away from the project through the Internet.
Standing in the Caohai Grade I Reserve, you can clearly see that many buildings are rising from the ground on the No. 5 plot.
"What is this land used for? What is it going to build? Is it a shopping mall or something?" To the question raised by Zhai Qing, the deputy head of Xishan District of Kunming City answered inconsistently.
Later the inspection team was informed that the construction area of Lot 5 was 900,000 square meters, of which 400,000 square meters was to solve the housing problem of more than 5,000 aborigines in Lot 5.
The sales office of Lot 5 is 50 meters away from Caohai Class I Protection Zone.
In the sales office, the lie that Xishan District claimed that "400,000 square meters were reserved for the aborigines" was dismantled on the spot by the inspection team.
Under the supervision of the inspection team, the deputy head of Xishan District of Kunming had to admit that the planned 900,000 square meters are all commercial buildings, excluding the 400,000 square meters with indigenous people, and the 900,000 square meters can accommodate after completion. 50,000 people live.
The publicity brochure of Lot 5 in the sales office is even more blunt. Lot 5 is a "Kunming Ding-class Rich People's District".
"The inspection team focuses on the scale of the project and the number of people it can accommodate. It depends on how much pollution load the project adds to Caohai." In the view of the inspection team, the population of Plot No. 5, which originally only accommodated 5,000 people, increased by 10 times. The regional water pollution load may increase exponentially, which is bound to have a serious impact on the improvement of the water quality of Dianchi Lake.
The Caohai of Dianchi Lake is an important part of Dianchi Lake, and it is also one of the important habitats for the red-headed gulls that come to Kunming to overwinter.
Public information shows that at present, the quality of Caohai Sea is still inferior to Class V.
A reporter from the Rule of Law Daily saw in the wetland of the Caohai Grade 1 Protection Zone that dead fish of about 20 centimeters were "lying" by the lake.
Disorderly development of real estate projects
Basic loss of ecological function
From Lot No. 5 to the south bank of Dianchi Lake, from the "Ding-class wealthy district in Kunming" to the Changyao Mountain "Dianchi International Health and Elderly Resort", real estate projects around Dianchi have been developed and constructed one after another.
On the afternoon of April 14, the inspection team came to the Changyao Mountain "Dianchi International Health Care Resort" developed by Kunming Nostar Enterprise (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Nostar Group) built on the south bank of Dianchi Lake.
The Changyao Mountain that appeared in front of the inspection team, or a large amount of exposed loess covered by a sparse green net, or residential buildings were being built in the mountains.
At the bottom of Changyao Mountain is a pond of Dianchi Lake.
At the scene, the main person in charge of the Jinning District Government of Kunming City and the relevant person in charge of the Nuostar Group told the inspection team that the Changyaoshan project was in compliance with the planning requirements.
The inspection team found that a large number of projects in the “Dianchi International Health Care and Elderly Resort” developed by Nuostar Group were built in the Dianchi second-level protection zone. These projects accounted for about 92% of the total area of Changyao Mountain and planned to build 813 villas. , There are 294 multi-storey and middle-high-rise buildings with a construction area of 2.252 million square meters.
Among them, 390 villas and 25 multi-storey and mid-high-rise buildings are planned to be built in the Dianchi Lake area.
After comparing the previous remote sensing images, the inspection team found that the original lush Changyao Mountain has now become a "cement mountain"-"the waist of Dianchi Lake is gone."
The 2013 edition of the "Regulations on the Protection of Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province" clearly stipulates: "The first-level protection area of Dianchi Lake prohibits new, reconstruction, and expansion of buildings and structures; the second-level protection area restricts the construction of areas to only develop and construct eco-tourism, cultural and other construction projects. Develop and construct other real estate projects."
In July 2016, the first round of central ecological and environmental protection inspectors pointed out that related projects constructed by Nuo Shida Group invaded the Dianchi first-level protected area.
"But Jinning District and Nuostar Group not only failed to learn their lessons seriously, but intensified their efforts. They destroyed the ecological forest and built an asphalt road in the Dianchi first-level protection area, and successively developed and constructed real estate projects in the restricted construction area of the second-level Dianchi Lake protection area. "The inspection team pointed out that by the time the first round of central ecological and environmental protection inspectors "looked back" in July 2018, Nuostar Group had built 167 villas in the secondary protection zone, covering an area of 293 acres and a construction area of 108,000 square meters. Meter.
According to the inspection team, from 2017 to 2020, Nuostar Group has successively built 209 villas, 294 multi-storey and mid-to-high-rise real estate projects in the Changyaoshan third-level protection zone, covering a total area of 1,891 acres and a construction area of 1.744 million square meters. .
The inspection team pointed out that the entire Changyao Mountain was exhausted and its ecological function was basically lost.
Leverage Poxia Donkey Pasting Line Development
Protection regulations have little effect
During the inspection of the inspection team during the sinking of Kunming, the developers and the local government all stated that the project had undergone formal approval and did not violate the "Regulations."
However, the on-site investigation by the inspection team found that although some projects did not violate the "Regulations," the practice of "sticking to the line" was actually a sidestep of the law.
In November 2018, the seventh meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth People's Congress of Yunnan Province revised and passed the "Regulations on the Protection of Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province", stipulating that ecological tourism such as healthy elderly care, fitness and leisure can be built in the restricted construction area of Dianchi Lake's secondary protection zone. , Cultural projects.
The inspection team revealed that with the addition of this content in the regulations, "Norstar Group will continue to build 437 villas in the second-level protection restricted construction zone of Dianchi Lake under the guise of the health and elderly care industry by'borrowing the donkey'. It occupies a total area of 1242 mu, with a construction area of 400,000 square meters."
"The property rights of these villas are listed in the'Nature of Rights' column as'market-oriented commercial houses', and the price of a single set of online signing is between 2.18 million yuan and 29.92 million yuan, which is not a declared health and elderly care project." The inspection team checked and confirmed. , Nuo Shida Group is actually the real estate development in the name of the health and elderly care industry.
In Lot 5, the project developer told the reporter of "Rules of Law Daily" that the project is only about 50 meters away from the nearest Caohai Class I Reserve.
In the view of the deputy district head of Xishan District, Kunming, although it is a "took-on development", it does not violate the "Regulations."
The inspection team severely criticized the practice of "sticking-on development" under the guise of legality in Lot 5.
The inspection team pointed out that the problem of "tracking development" in the Caohai area of Dianchi Lake was prominent. A large number of real estate projects competed with the lake for land.
Since 2015, the Caohai area has developed and constructed 42 plots, covering an area of 2,463 mu, with a construction area of 4.759 million square meters.
"The'sticking line development' is actually playing the sideball of the law. The "Regulations" stipulates that 50 meters can not be developed, so I will develop at 50.01 meters." A member of the inspection team told a reporter from the "Rules of Law Daily" that the legal provisions were unsuccessful. The behavior of "not letting an inch of land" does not violate the "Regulations", but if all projects are engaged in "sticky development", it will inevitably seriously affect the integrity of the ecosystem of Dianchi Lake.
The inspector pointed out that it is more vigilant that some projects make use of the "Regulations" to make "legal" articles. The "Regulations" are in danger of being kidnapped by developers. If this continues, they will not be able to play the role of protecting Dianchi Lake.
On April 15th, Liu Jiachen, Mayor of Kunming, stated at a symposium jointly held by Kunming and the inspection team that Kunming will promote the revision of the “Regulations” and implement “top grid legislation, top grid preparation planning, top grid protection, and top grid protection” on Dianchi Lake. Top-level supervision and top-level law enforcement".
Whether the revision of the "Regulations" can finally curb the issue of "sticking-on development" is worthy of attention.
Artificially sever the ecosystem
Pollution in Dianchi Lake will not heal for a long time
As early as the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, my country initiated the pollution control of the "Three Lakes", "Three Rivers" and "Two Districts". This is the first time in my country's history that pollution control of key lakes, rivers and regions has been carried out.
Among them, the "three lakes" include Dianchi Lake.
Now that 25 years have passed, the water pollution problem of Dianchi Lake has not yet been completely solved.
The “Environmental Quality Status of National Surface Water in 2020” issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment shows that Dianchi Lake is still lightly polluted and moderately eutrophic. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus.
Compared with Lake Tai and Chao Lake in the "Three Lakes", although Dianchi Lake is slightly polluted, its eutrophication level is the highest among the "Three Lakes".
It must be mentioned that, in order to alleviate the degree of water pollution in Dianchi Lake, Kunming has continued to carry out ecological replenishment of Dianchi Lake for many years.
According to local personnel, the Niulan River-Dianchi Lake Water Replenishment Project has been in operation since 2013. As of the end of last year, 3.726 billion cubic meters of water has been supplied to the Dianchi Lake through the Niulan River, of which the annual water supply volume from 2015 to 2019 was between 530 million and 6 Between 100 million cubic meters.
When a reporter from the "Rules of Law Daily" accompanied the inspection team in Kunming, the relevant local person in charge revealed that "in the past few years, more than 1 billion yuan was spent on replenishing water each year."
What's more serious is that in recent years, the Niulan River has less and less replenishable water, especially in dry years.
Soon, Kunming may transfer water from the more distant Jinsha River to supplement Dianchi Lake.
It is understood that in 2020, 251 million cubic meters of water will be drawn from the Niulan River, which is significantly reduced by about 60% compared with previous years due to drought, resulting in a significant decline in water quality that year.
Obviously, it is an indisputable fact that “the part of pollution control in Dianchi Lake depends on diversion and replenishment”.
While relying on ecological water replenishment to alleviate the water pollution of Dianchi Lake, a large number of real estate projects are being launched in disorder.
According to the investigation of the inspection team, currently, the 125 kilometers off the coast of Dianchi Lake has been developed 36 kilometers; if the remaining two projects in the Caohai area are also completed, the 25 kilometers of grass coastline real estate development will achieve "full coverage" along the lake.
Inspectors pointed out that these real estate projects launched around Dianchi Lake will double the number of residents living around Dianchi Lake, "5,000 people have moved, and another 50,000 people have arrived."
"On the surface, the domestic sewage discharged into Dianchi Lake is treated water, but it is polluted water after all, which is completely different from the original ecological water." The inspector said that a large number of real estate projects will increase the water of Dianchi Lake. Pollution load.
Taking the Changyao Mountain project as an example, the inspection team revealed that a large number of retaining walls severely damaged the topography of Changyao Mountain. The original ditches and creeks were all hardened by cement, and the woodland, grassland, and arable land were all turned into cement.
Over 90% of Changyao Mountain is crowded with densely packed buildings, and the entire mountain is tightly wrapped by reinforced concrete, basically losing its ecological conservation function.
The aforementioned inspector told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that before the real estate was developed, Changyao Mountain had a complete ecosystem. Rainwater entered the Dianchi Lake through the densely forested ecosystem, which is completely different from the sewage treated by the sewage treatment plant entering the Dianchi Lake. .
Zhai Qing pointed out that the pollution control of Dianchi Lake is a systematic project. The large-scale development of real estate around the lake has artificially cut off the natural ecosystem of Dianchi Lake, and the landscape, forest, field, lake and grass system of Dianchi Lake is also difficult to maintain intact.
In addition to a large number of real estate projects launched in Kunming, the inspection team also discovered that Kunming's sewage collection and treatment "data" was seriously inconsistent with the actual situation during the inspection of the sinking in Kunming.
Documents from the Kunming Municipal Bureau of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and Kunming Dianchi Administration Bureau show that in 2020, the centralized collection rate of urban domestic sewage in Kunming is 92.78%, and the treatment rate is 97.37%.
The data actually verified by the inspection team shows that the sewage collection and treatment rate in Kunming is far from that high. Every year, at least 100 million tons of sewage in Kunming is directly discharged into Dianchi Lake without treatment.
The disorderly development of real estate projects has destroyed the ecological integrity of Dianchi Lake, the ecological space of Dianchi Lake has been squeezed, and the sewage collection pipeline network in Kunming is severely in short supply. There is a large amount of mixed rain and sewage, which causes hundreds of millions of tons of sewage to be discharged directly into Dianchi Lake every year.
These problems are undoubtedly one of the important reasons why the pollution of Dianchi Lake has not been cured after 25 years.
The inspection team pointed out that the political position of the local party committee and government of Dianchi Lake is not high, and its attitude towards the protection and governance of Dianchi Lake is not resolute, actions are discounted, standards are not high, and requirements are not strict. , It is not a long-term account, the relationship between development and protection has not been properly handled, and Dianchi Lake has not been protected like the eyes.
The relevant functional departments of Yunnan Province were also approved by the inspection team to “do not perform their duties in place and fail to promptly point out and stop the illegal development and construction of areas such as Changyao Mountain in Dianchi Lake”.
The inspection team revealed that recently, the main responsible comrades of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government conducted on-site supervision of the protection and management of Dianchi Lake, and proposed rectification measures for the excessive development of Changyao Mountain.
Cartography/Li Xiaojun
Figure ① In the project of Nuo Shida Group, there is a boundary pile of the Dianchi first-class protection zone.
Figure ② During the on-site investigation of the Changyaoshan project by the inspection team, local personnel introduced the project to the inspection team.
Figure ③ The Changyao Mountain project is connected to the water of Dianchi Lake. Below the project is the water of Dianchi Lake.