Today (25th) is the 35th "National Child Vaccination Promotion Day".
As we all know, vaccination is the most effective, simplest, and most economical means of controlling infectious diseases. Vaccination has provided a "protective umbrella" for the healthy growth of countless children.
Since the implementation of the immunization program in my country, the number of free vaccines for children has increased from 4 to 11 at this stage, and the number of preventive diseases has also increased from 6 to 12 at this stage.
However, parents still don’t know what vaccinations are needed for children aged 0 to 6 at different ages?
Is there a complete range of vaccinations for your child?
Let's take a look today ↓
What vaccines should children get?
Children from birth to preschool age are the most vulnerable stage of the immune system. Various countries and regions in the world have formulated different immunization planning strategies for children at this stage according to the local epidemic situation and economic conditions.
At present, my country divides vaccines into two categories:
A class of vaccine
is provided free of charge to citizens, citizens should be in accordance with government regulations by species vaccine, also known as free vaccine (the official name is "EPI vaccine").
Immigrant children and local children have the same vaccination rights.
As long as there are no contraindications, they should be vaccinated in time.
If this type of vaccine is not vaccinated, it may affect the baby's admission to nursery, kindergarten and school.
A type of vaccine that can be vaccinated for free for school-age children
BCG, polio vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine
DPT vaccine, DPT vaccine, leprosy vaccine
MMR vaccine, group A meningococcal vaccine
A group C group meningococcal vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine
Two types of vaccine
for citizens at their own expense and informed, voluntary vaccination by other species, the official name is "non-vaccine immunization program."
Although the second type of vaccine needs to be vaccinated at its own expense, it is equally important for protecting the health of the child.
There are two vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization for children's vaccination: pneumonia vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae vaccine (Hib vaccine).
Recommended Type 2 Vaccines
Influenza vaccine, chickenpox vaccine
Hand-foot-mouth vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, etc.
Children's vaccine immunization program has new adjustments
Vaccines are no trivial matter, and children
must be vaccinated
on time and
in sufficient doses
to form strong protection.
According to the "National Immunization Program Vaccine Children's Immunization Procedures and Instructions (2021 Edition)" issued by the National Health Commission in March this year, there are
five major changes
compared with the previous version
:
Change one
The replantable age for those who have not completed the required doses of the national immunization program is
adjusted
from
"<14 years old" to "<18 years old".
Change two
It is clear that the left and right thighs are optional inoculation sites.
When multiple vaccines need to be vaccinated at the same time, they can be vaccinated separately on the left and right upper arms and left and right thighs.
Change three
It is clear that the following conditions are not contraindications for vaccination:
A. Physiological and breast milk jaundice;
B. History of simple febrile convulsions;
C. Epilepsy control is in a stable phase;
D. Congenital genetic metabolic diseases (congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, trisomy 21, etc.);
E. Stable brain diseases, congenital heart disease, congenital infections (syphilis, cytomegalovirus and rubella virus), etc.
Change four
The immunization procedures of polio vaccine and measles and mumps vaccine have been adjusted.
The
target and dosage of
polio vaccination
were changed from “1 dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) at 2 months old, 1 dose of live attenuated polio vaccine at 3 months, 4 months, and 4 years of age.” "2 months of age and 3 months of age each received 1 dose of inactivated polio vaccine, 4 months of age, 4 years of age each received 1 dose of live attenuated polio vaccine (bOPV)".
If you have completed 4 doses of vaccination containing IPV components according to the immunization program (such as the five-part vaccine), you can no longer receive bOPV at the age of 4 years.
The vaccination schedule of
MMR vaccine
was adjusted from the previous 8 months of age vaccination (MR) to MMR vaccine.
That is to say, there are 2 doses of MMR vaccine, one for 8 months and one for 18 months.
Change five
The 2021 version of the immunization program recommends that newborns born to mothers with positive or unknown surface antigens should be vaccinated with the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine from
"within 24 hours after birth" to "within 12 hours after birth".
The “low birth weight” for hepatitis B vaccination is clearly defined as those whose birth weight is less than 2000 grams. It is recommended that they receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after birth, and re-press them at the age of 1 month, 2 months, and 7 months. The procedure completes 3 more doses of vaccination.
Don't ignore the problems of vaccinating children
As a child grows up, there are many vaccinations. Some problems seem inconspicuous, but in fact they should not be underestimated. Parents need to understand carefully.
1. Under what circumstances is a child not suitable for vaccination?
Body temperature exceeds 37.3℃;
Severe malnutrition, severe rickets, anemia, etc.;
In the acute phase of the disease, such as diarrhea, severe cough, etc.;
Have recently suffered trauma or surgery;
Allergic physique or suffering from asthma, urticaria, and in the period of allergic attack;
Suffering from severe dermatitis or skin infection, eczema;
Suffer from heart disease, hepatitis, nephritis, active tuberculosis;
Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit or neck;
Have encephalopathy or nervous system damage, such as encephalitis sequelae, epilepsy;
Neuropsychological developmental delay;
Defensive function is insufficiency, suffering from immunodeficiency disease, etc.
2. What should I pay attention to when taking a child to vaccinate?
Bring a vaccination certificate;
Keep the skin of the child's vaccination site clean;
Wear loose, easy-to-wear clothes for the child;
Tell the doctor truthfully about the child's recent health;
Listen carefully to the doctor's verbal informed notification or read the "Informed Consent".
3. What should children pay attention to after being vaccinated?
Stay at the vaccination site and observe for 30 minutes before leaving;
After oral administration of live attenuated vaccine, do not eat hot food or breastfeed within half an hour;
On the day of vaccination, do not bathe your child to avoid infection of the vaccination site;
For a few days before and after vaccination, do not give your children new food varieties or indigestible foods;
If the child has a suspicious serious abnormal reaction, he should go to the hospital in time.
4. What should I do if there is an adverse reaction after vaccination?
After vaccination, if the baby develops a low-grade fever below 38.5°C within 24 hours, or is accompanied by mild irritability, crying, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., it is a mild reaction after vaccination, which will disappear after one or two days, so don’t worry too much.
Parents should give their children plenty of water and rest. In terms of diet, we recommend easy-to-digest light foods such as porridge, noodles, and egg custard.
Go to the hospital if the following situations occur: the baby's body temperature is above 38.5℃, and the fever does not go away after more than 48 hours, especially the baby under 3 months or with a history of high febrile convulsions; or although the body temperature is below 38.5℃, but the mental state is poor; the baby appears mentally Poor, decreased urination, dehydration, abdominal pain, severe vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, severe cough, abnormal breathing, etc.
Although the vaccine can prevent the occurrence of diseases
But it’s not that the more vaccination, the better
Only reasonable arrangements
Follow the immunization schedule
In order to achieve the best prevention effect
(CCTV news client integrated WeChat public accounts "Jingyitong", "Erbaobao", "Tonight News", Upstream News, etc.)
Producer丨Lu Yi
Producer丨Xi Luoxi Wenfan
Editor丨Shao Xiwei