Fully compact the responsibility of arable land protection (hold firmly the initiative of food security)
Editor's note
"We must firmly hold on to the initiative in food security, and pay close attention to food production every year." Food security has always been a major concern in the heart of General Secretary Xi Jinping.
This year is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan". On the basis of achieving the "17 consecutive harvests" in grain production, it is of great significance to do a good job in grain and agricultural production.
How to implement the most stringent farmland protection system, how to implement a new round of high-standard farmland construction, how to strengthen the support of modern agricultural technology and material equipment, and how to further promote the construction of a modern agricultural management system?
With thinking and facing the spring breeze, reporters from this newspaper rushed to the north and south to conduct in-depth field surveys and interviews. From now on, we will launch a series of reports on "Sustaining the Initiative in Food Security", showing the practical exploration and progress of ensuring food security from a high starting point in various regions. Effectiveness.
"If we hadn't found it in time, it would not have been a wheat field." Standing on a ridge in Xijia Village, Xincheng Town, Huantai County, Shandong Province, Li Hongbo, the mayor of Xincheng Town, was quite relieved to see the green wheat seedlings.
One day at the end of last year, Hao Baoguo, the party branch secretary of Xijia Village, called: "Some villagers are building granaries on the farmland." Li Hongbo rushed to the scene immediately.
The granary was built by Hao Zikun, a large grain grower. He moved this thought to facilitate the storage of his own grain.
Hao Zikun chose to take the initiative to demolish it because of emotion and reason.
"This is due to the'field chief system'." Another title of Li Hongbo is the first-level "field chief".
In Huantai, the county head is the "general field chief", and the town chief, the secretary of the village party organization, and the villager group leader serve as the first, second, and third level "field chiefs" to ensure that every piece of cultivated land has a guardian.
Food production is basically cultivated land.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must carry on the important task of food security, steadily increase grain production capacity, fully consolidate arable land protection responsibilities, promote the construction of high-standard farmland, and resolutely curb all kinds of illegal and illegal occupation of arable land.” “We must strictly guard against 1.8 billion mu of farmland. For the red line of cultivated land, take hard measures to grow teeth and implement the strictest cultivated land protection system."
Improve the monitoring and supervision mechanism of the quantity and quality of cultivated land, standardize the balance of occupation and compensation, and coordinate the utilization of abandoned land... In the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", all localities thoroughly implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions, protected cultivated land like giant pandas, and fully implemented food The sown area lays a solid foundation for ensuring food security at a high starting point.
Strictly observe the red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land
The road in the field after the rain is quite muddy.
After walking less than one mile, I saw a fish pond piled up with construction materials.
This is the boundary of Paimen Village, Wangdun Township, Duchang County, Jiangxi Province.
More than 10 days ago, the villagers who contracted the fish pond started to build a simple house on the side of the pond, intending to use it to protect the fish pond.
1.1 mu of arable land, the occupied area is more than 40 square meters, I thought no one could see it, but as soon as the construction started, the village cadres came to the door.
"Illegal occupation of farmland must be demolished!" Early the next morning, machinery and equipment entered the site and demolished the illegal construction.
"From discovery to stop, to rectification, it only takes two or three days." said Wu Yuanfu, director of the Duchang County Natural Resources Bureau. The rapid discovery and disposal benefited from the monitoring equipment on an iron tower two kilometers away.
Last year, Duchang County Natural Resources Bureau cooperated with Jiujiang Branch of China Tower Co., Ltd. to install 117 sets of monitoring equipment on iron towers throughout the county, and to develop and build an intelligent resource monitoring platform, realizing natural resources including cultivated land. Online video surveillance, big data comparison, and automatic early warning of the entire resource.
“Some acts of encroachment on cultivated land are highly concealed.” said Gong Mingsheng, deputy head of the law enforcement detachment of the Natural Resources Bureau of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. The intelligent resource monitoring platform has solved the problems of difficulty in finding and obtaining evidence. “In the past, there has been encroachment in Duchang County for one year. There were nearly 300 natural resource cases, less than 100 last year."
Cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production.
Keeping the red line of arable land, strict protection and strict management is the key.
In Pengling Village, Lishi Town, Shayang County, Hubei Province, 70-year-old Luodeming now walks around the fields once a week.
"Whoever dares to illegally move the cultivated land, first ask if we can answer." He is a member of the Pengling Village Farmer's Farmland Protection Association.
Pengling Village has fertile land.
Ten years ago, a local company wanted to build a factory in the village. Not only did the villagers who cherish their land not give up the cultivated land, they also set up the cultivated land protection association, which has persisted to this day.
The association is composed of highly respected villager representatives and village cadres. It usually carries out policy propaganda and promptly reports and disposes of signs of infringement of cultivated land.
Today, the experience of the Cultivated Land Conservation Association has been replicated and promoted.
"The protection of arable land must increase the awareness of the whole people, and form a broad consensus in the whole society, and cannot rely on the natural resources department to fight alone." Said Cai Jianping, the first-level inspector of the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Natural Resources.
Starting in October last year, Binzhou City, Shandong Province has promoted the "field chief system" management system throughout the city, establishing a total of 5,410 "field chiefs".
Among them, the first-level "field chief" is assumed by the heads of counties (cities, districts) and the directors of the high-tech zone management committees; the second-level "field chiefs" are assumed by the heads of townships (towns) and the directors of sub-district offices. The chief cadre of each village (residential) shall be the main cadre to realize the all-round, full coverage and seamless management of arable land and permanent basic farmland.
Shandong Province issued the "Opinions on the Implementation of the "Farmland Chief System" for the Protection of Cultivated Land", requiring the establishment of a daily management and protection mechanism for village collective economic organizations, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of rural collective economic organizations and farmers, and achieving "whoever owns the land". The responsibility of “horizontal to edge and vertical to bottom” cultivated land protection is fully covered, ensuring that the amount of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland in the province will not decrease.
From using "Internet +" to implement intelligent monitoring and management of cultivated land, to experimenting with new models of cultivated land protection such as the "field chief system", all localities are working hard to adopt hard measures to grow teeth and implement strict cultivated land protection systems.
Anhui Province adheres to the special protection of permanent basic farmland, decomposing the protection objectives of arable land and the tasks of protecting permanent basic farmland to counties (cities, districts), townships, and land parcels.
The province has 88.289 million mu of arable land and 73.93 million mu of permanent basic farmland protection. The balance of arable land has been achieved for 21 consecutive years. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the percentage of permanent basic farmland delineated protection increased from 38.75% to 55.28%.
Continue to stabilize the sown area of grain
"At this time next year, I invite you to see the rape blossoms again."
In Litai Village, Sanfutan Town, Xiantao City, Hubei Province, the village party branch secretary Deng Zaotang pointed to a newly flat cultivated land and enthusiastically sent out an invitation.
The management right of this 600 acres of land was transferred to Xiantao Forestry Development Center in 2017 for planting seedlings.
As a result, the village collective has an annual income of 40,000 yuan, and dozens of villagers have increased their income for nearby migrant workers.
In November last year, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Preventing the "De-grainization" of Cultivated Land and Stabilizing Grain Production", suggesting that we must adhere to the problem-oriented approach and resolutely prevent the tendency of "non-grainization" of arable land.
Clarify the priority of arable land utilization, and focus on permanent basic farmland for the development of food production, especially ensuring the planting area of the three major grains of rice, wheat and corn.
Generally arable land should be mainly used for the production of grain, cotton, oil, sugar, vegetables and other agricultural products and forage feed.
“We resolutely rectified and reformed and quickly carried out the reclamation work, and we have been watching and following up from winter to spring.” Wang Baoguo, director of the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Xiantao City, said that more than 600 acres of land have now been re-circulated to major grain growers. This has helped to protect the interests of the villagers as well as food production."
Prioritize limited arable land resources for food production, and resolutely prevent "non-grainization". All localities continue to exert efforts.
Shaanxi Province regards the prevention of "non-graining" of cultivated land as an important part of the assessment of the food security responsibility system, and increases the weight of assessment indicators such as grain planting area, output and high-standard farmland construction.
"In the past, the supervision of cultivated land resources was mainly concerned with illegal construction, but now it is more focused on stopping'non-agriculturalization' and preventing'non-graining'." said Jiao Yang, director of the Cultivated Land Protection Supervision Division of the Hubei Provincial Department of Natural Resources.
Various localities have also taken effective measures to coordinate the use of abandoned land to develop grain production.
The Chongqing Agriculture and Rural Committee recently issued a regulation: for the concentrated contiguous uncultivated land of more than 10 acres, the responsibility system of the township chief shall be implemented to guide the re-cultivation and replanting; for the abandoned land for more than one year, the township government shall issue a re-cultivation reminder to the farmers ; Suspension of subsidies for long-term abandonment, and will be included in the scope of subsidies after re-cultivation and replanting.
In order to reduce land abandonment from the source, Suining City, Sichuan Province requires land abandonment caused by migrant workers or doing business to resume farming within a time limit. If the farming is not possible, the village collective economic organization or land transfer cooperative must be entrusted in writing to the village collective economic organization or land transfer cooperative to carry out farming or unified transfer.
At present, there are dozens of professional farming teams active in the fields in Suining City.
Zhang Yu, chief agronomist of Suining Agriculture and Rural Bureau, said that this year Suining City will completely eliminate abandoned land along the highway.
In Beikeng Village, Sanyangji Township, Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, rape blossoms are blooming brightly.
Wu Guowen, the secretary of the village party branch, has a pale face and does not look like a farmer.
"Before last year, I really didn't farm." Wu Guowen said. There are many people working and doing business in the village, and many people have not farmed for many years.
According to a thorough investigation in 2019, there are more than 300 acres of arable land in the village that is not cultivated or planted for only one season.
Last year, with the support of the county and township party committees and the government, Wu Guowen and village clerical Wu Zhuping took the lead in farming.
Village cadres went from house to house to solicit opinions, and signed farmland transfer agreements with villagers who had no intention of farming.
"In the beginning, the villagers said that we would lose money. As a result, at the end of the year, not only did we have no losses, but we also made 50,000 to 60,000 yuan. With a good harvest, now everyone is more motivated, and there are already large grain farmers visiting and discussing the circulation. Thing."
In Jinxian County, abandoned land has been basically cleared through methods such as interplanting and rotation, village cadres taking the lead in planting, and transfer of large households.
Wang Jinhua, director of the Sichuan Agricultural Technology Extension Station, said that focusing on the goal of “only increase but not decrease”, Sichuan will strictly implement the responsibility of the party and government for food security this year, decompose and issue grain area and output indicators, consolidate and improve the results of abandoned land remediation, and strive for the province’s grain The sown area expanded to 95 million mu, an increase of 311,000 mu over last year.
Pay more attention to the construction of cultivated land quality and ecological improvement
Spring returns to the black earth.
Chang Yabin walked into Datian, leaving shallow footprints, "How sweet and dark you look at this place!"
Chang Yabin is the chairman of the Yabin Planting Cooperative in Nong'an County, Jilin Province.
Standing on the edge of the field, I saw that the straw layer covered last year was sparse, and the dark soil layer emerged, which became shiny and shiny in the sun.
This year, the cooperative has transferred 170 hectares of arable land and 560 hectares of arable land under trusteeship. It plans to adopt all conservation tillage techniques, and sowing without tillage on the basis of returning corn stalks to the fields.
"The full amount of straw is returned to the field, and the application of chemical fertilizers per hectare is about 200 kilograms less, which saves more than 600 yuan in cost and increases grain production by more than 500 kilograms." Chang Yabin said.
In early March, Jilin Province issued the implementation opinions on comprehensively strengthening the protection of black soil. It is proposed that by 2030, the area of black soil protection will reach 62 million mu, and the quality of arable land will be improved by one grade compared with the initial period of the "13th Five-Year Plan", and the ecological environment of the black soil area will be significantly improved. .
Zhang Fengchun, Director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province, introduced that while comprehensively promoting conservation farming, deep ploughing and deep plowing techniques should be promoted and applied according to local conditions. "It plans to invest 1.12 billion yuan in financial funds for the implementation of the black soil conservation farming action plan. Promote 34 major food production technologies, including soil testing and formula fertilization and mechanical subsoiling, to effectively protect the black soil."
The red line of arable land is not only quantitative but also qualitative.
While focusing on the control of the quantity of cultivated land, all localities pay more attention to quality improvement and ecological improvement, focus on strengthening the ecological protection of farmland, and implement actions to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land.
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has carried out the improvement of salinized cultivated land in an orderly manner, promoted the normalization of the cultivated land rotation system, promoted comprehensive measures such as the integration of water and fertilizer, and shallow-burial drip irrigation to improve food production capacity.
Last year, the autonomous region invested 248 million yuan in the implementation of demonstration projects for the improvement of saline-alkali cultivated land in 5 banner counties where saline-alkali land is relatively concentrated, providing technical support and demonstration models for the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land in the entire region of 15.853 million mu.
Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group has more than 40 million mu of black soil arable land and has a comprehensive food production capacity of more than 40 billion catties. In recent years, it has promoted the development of green and high-quality agriculture by implementing the "three reductions" actions of reducing fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. Protect the black land.
Last year, Beidahuang Group implemented the agricultural "three reductions" demonstration area of 15.92 million mu, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides were reduced by 30,585 tons and 669 tons compared with the previous year, and the utilization rate of straw returning to the field exceeded 95%.
"This year, the province's rice-oil rotation cropping area will increase to 2 million mu, which will not only help improve soil fertility, but also help ensure the national oilseed safety." Zhang Qionghua, deputy director of the Planting Division of the Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced in recent years, Hubei has vigorously promoted production models such as rice oil rotation and rice and shrimp co-cultivation to effectively improve the quality of cultivated land.
Henan Province proposed that by 2025, the coverage rate of soil testing and formula fertilization technology in the province will reach more than 90%, the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure will reach more than 85%, the comprehensive utilization rate of crop straw will reach more than 93%, and the soil organic matter content of the cultivated layer will be average. Increased by 0.2 percentage points, the thickness of the cultivated layer reached an average of 22 cm or more, and the inherent quality and output capacity of cultivated land was significantly improved.
In Guanghan City, Sichuan Province, an hour’s drive from Chengdu, the wheat has begun to head out in the tens of thousands of acres of grain fields, which looks like a sea of green from a distance.
In the past two years, the provincial government in Sichuan has allocated 130 million yuan for arable land quality survey, monitoring and grade evaluation. It has established 1,010 arable land quality monitoring points and 10,000 survey points, and the quality of arable land has been steadily improved.
Just after retiring from the post of chief agronomist in Guanghan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Wang Shaohua witnessed the changes in the agricultural development of the Western Sichuan Plain.
"Look at the wheat, how good it grows! Good real estate, good food. Ensure that the permanent basic farmland does not decrease in quantity and quality, and the Chinese people's rice bowl can be firmly in their own hands."
(Reporters Xiao Jiaxin, Wang Yongzhan, Li Jiading, and Wu Jun participated in the collection)