Not counting the total score, focusing on multi-dimensional indicators, not ranking, but survival of the fittest
"Double first-rate", so comment
Students participate in the opening ceremony of Peking University in 2020.
Xinhua News Agency reporter Ren Chao photo
Since its implementation in 2016, China's first round of "Double First Class" construction has entered the final stage.
According to requirements, the "double first-class" construction colleges and universities implement total volume control, open competition, and dynamic adjustments.
And how to evaluate the effectiveness of the "double first-class" construction has attracted people's attention.
Recently, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "Measures for the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of "Double First-Class" Construction (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Evaluation Measures"), releasing a clear signal: "Double First-Class" evaluation is not counted as a total score , Do not engage in ranking, highlight the cultivation of first-class talents, produce first-class results, take the initiative to serve the needs of the country, overcome the stubborn disease of the "five wei", and guide universities and disciplines to strive for world-class results with a Chinese-featured effectiveness evaluation system.
Pay attention to connotation construction
Focus on service contribution
In 2017, China integrated key construction projects such as the "211 Project", "985 Project" and "Advanced Discipline Innovation Platform" into the construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines, that is, the construction of "double first-class".
The first round of "double first-class" construction confirmed the construction of 137 universities and 465 disciplines, with a five-year cycle, and it will be implemented in 2016.
The "Evaluation Method" points out that the evaluation of the effectiveness of "double first-class" construction is a multi-dimensional evaluation of the achievement of university functions, connotation development and characteristic development of universities and their discipline construction, comprehensively presenting the results of university self-evaluation, expert evaluation and third-party evaluation.
Not only ranking, not only quantitative indicators, adhere to the first-class goal, pay attention to connotation construction, is one of the important principles of the evaluation of the "double first-class" construction.
In this regard, Qiu Yong, president of Tsinghua University and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that first-class universities must not only perform well in comparability indicators, but also work hard on connotation construction.
“The more projects are not the better, the more funding is not the better, and the more papers are not the better. Colleges and universities can only make tastes if they choose connotative development.” Qiu Yong said that the long cycle of education determines that universities should pay more attention. Long-term goals, to do work that is truly valuable and meaningful in the long-term, we cannot rush for quick success.
At the same time, the "Evaluation Measures" clearly demand-oriented, focused on service contributions, and inspected and constructed universities to actively face the frontiers of world science and technology, face the main economic battlefield, face the major needs of the country, face the people's life and health, and make breakthroughs in key core technologies and explore cutting-edge scientific issues. It has made important contributions to solving major social and practical problems, especially in the case of basic research that has made major original innovations "from 0 to 1".
Xu Ningsheng, president of Fudan University and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that my country is currently facing a "stuck neck" problem in many fields, and basic research and basic discipline talent training are lacking. Universities must comprehensively improve the ability to transform basic research results into practical problems.
Therefore, colleges and universities must downplay indicators such as the number of papers included and citation rate, and emphasize proactively serving the country's major strategies and industry development and regional development needs.
"To promote the continuous emergence of original innovation results, we need to guide the discipline to condense development characteristics in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the'double first-class' construction, and encourage original research layout, rather than blindly seeking comprehensiveness in discipline construction." Xu Ningsheng said.
Adopt advanced concepts
Stimulate endogenous power
According to the "Evaluation Measures", the effectiveness evaluation consists of two parts: the evaluation of the overall construction of the university and the evaluation of the discipline construction.
Among them, the overall construction evaluation of the university is divided into six aspects: talent training, faculty construction, scientific research, social services, cultural inheritance and innovation, and international exchanges and cooperation. The discipline construction evaluation examines the construction disciplines in personnel training, scientific research, social services, and teachers. Comprehensive results in four aspects of team building.
Qu Zhenyuan, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee and the former president of the Chinese Higher Education Association, said that due to the complexity of the education system and the diversity of evaluation perspectives, education evaluation is a very complicated matter, even a "world problem", but it also exists. A lot of consensus.
"Based on these consensuses, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the "Double First-Class" construction adopts advanced concepts and modern technologies to serve the purpose of the "Double First-Class" construction." Zhai Zhenyuan said.
"From the perspective of the existing international university ranking system, its indicators generally include emphasis on science and engineering, and light on humanities and social subjects; emphasis on scientific research and light on morality and cultivation; emphasis on unified measurement and light on classification inspection; emphasis on international standards and light on Chinese characteristics; Emphasize explicit indicators and neglect service contributions." said Zhang Pingwen, vice president of Peking University and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. World-class higher education evaluation Chinese standards.
For example, in the evaluation of scientific research, the "Evaluation Method" emphasizes the need to comprehensively examine the major role of universities in the construction of the discipline system, academic system, and discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, as well as major practices in reform and development to promote ideological and theoretical innovation , The effectiveness of service management decision-making.
In terms of the evaluation of talent training and the evaluation of the construction of the teaching team, the "Evaluation Method" regards the effectiveness of Lide to cultivate people as the basic inspection standard, highlights the ideological and political quality of teachers and the construction of teacher ethics, and overcomes "only papers", "only hats", and "only". Professional titles, "only academic qualifications," "only awards," and "projects only" tendencies.
Cao Shumin, secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, stated that the "Evaluation Measures" guide universities to deploy scientific research systems around the country's needs, and promote the transformation of scientific research activities from the "Brown Movement" of free exploration to the "same direction coordination" driven by demand.
"The construction of national defense science and technology is different from conventional scientific research. It cannot be simply measured by economic benefits, let alone the number of papers and impact factors as the only judgement. It depends on whether universities can build a major tool for going abroad and whether they can write papers on the land of the motherland." Cao Shumin said.
"Achieving the goal of'double first-class' construction does not depend on administrative'announcement' or the school's self-declaration, nor does it depend on whether the school's scale and disciplinary structure are integrated." said Zhong Binglin, a member of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and a professor at Beijing Normal University The construction of "Double First Class" is a complex system engineering. The key is to stimulate the school's endogenous motivation. The school's talent training quality, superior discipline and professional construction level and school reputation have been widely recognized by the international academic community and society.
Present the "diagnostic report"
Emphasis on dynamic adjustment
The "Evaluation Method" pointed out that the "Double First-Class" effectiveness evaluation will include comprehensive objective data and subjective evaluation, which will be divided into different perspectives of overall development level, growth promotion level, and sustainable development capability, to inspect and present the construction effectiveness of universities and disciplines.
Zhai Zhenyuan pointed out that the three dimensions proposed in the effectiveness evaluation are important innovations.
"These three dimensions, just like describing the position, speed and acceleration of an object's motion state, can better reflect the state of development and give people a clearer image." Qu Zhenyuan said.
The "Evaluation Method" clarifies the overall development level, examining the level of achievement of universities and discipline construction; the degree of growth and improvement, examining the level changes of universities and disciplines during the construction cycle; sustainable development capabilities, examining the structural layout and characteristic advantages of universities and disciplines Conditions and levels that support development, such as resource input, platform construction, institutional reforms, institutional system innovation and perfection, and governance efficiency, reflecting development potential.
"The evaluation result is not a ranking list, but a'diagnostic report' that is comprehensively presented in the form of intervals and gradient distributions according to different dimensions and types, and does not calculate the total score." Zhai Zhenyuan said that this diagnostic evaluation can be better Comprehensively present the evaluation results, guide universities and disciplines to adhere to the goal-oriented unshakable, adhere to the problem-oriented to seek development, and steadily carry out construction.
Although the effectiveness evaluation does not calculate the total score and does not publish the ranking, the "Evaluation Method" is clear that the comprehensive evaluation result will be the main basis for the next round of dynamic adjustment of the construction scope.
Relevant departments will reduce their support for the construction of universities and disciplines that are poorly implemented, slow progress, and lack of effectiveness.
Zhong Binglin said that the construction of "double first-class" emphasizes dynamic adjustment, adheres to the value orientation of rolling competition, survival of the fittest, and continuous improvement, which helps to avoid the phenomenon of identity solidification and "labeling" that occurred during the implementation of previous construction projects.
"A first-class university is not an eternal title, and its connotation will change with the changes of the times." Qiu Yong said that the construction of a first-class university is a continuous process of pursuing excellence.
Historical experience shows that the map of world higher education is constantly being reshaped along with the evolution of the world's economic and social patterns.
First-class universities must keep abreast of the pulse of the times, seize historical opportunities, always maintain a self-improving attitude, change in inheritance, and grow in innovation.
Liu Yao