Representatives and committee members look forward to the "14th Five-Year Plan" with confidence
In the next five years, we will build such a China
On February 25, 2021, Pan Lanlan, the "three generations of fisherman" fisherwoman Pan Lanlan, Yanhu Village, Fangxiang Town, Fangxiang Town, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, turned into a fashion maker, and was exhibiting cultural and creative works of pendants with ecological elements of the fishing village.
Photo by Zhuang Wenbin (People's Picture)
On December 25, 2020, at the Smart Elderly Care Comprehensive Service Center in Chengxi Community, Quannan County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, the staff happily cut cakes with the birthday star.
Photo by Yin Qiqi (People's Picture)
On March 3, 2021, at the People's Square in Zixing City, Hunan Province, medical staff are measuring blood pressure for citizens for free.
Li Keshe (People's Vision)
On March 1, 2021, Wang Xiaoqin (first from right), the inheritor of Qiang embroidery in Ningqiang County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, is exchanging techniques such as Qiang embroidery stitches and patterns with Xiuniang.
Photo by Wu Tiantian (People's Picture)
Chart source: People's Daily client
This is the National Two Sessions at an important historical node.
This is the National Two Sessions carrying a major historical mission.
Standing at the historical intersection of the "two centenary" goals, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly defined the road map and task map for China's development in the next 5 and 15 years. The construction plans will be determined at the National Two Sessions this year. And schedule.
How to understand the "14th Five-Year Plan"?
What do the mission objectives of the new development stage mean to us?
This newspaper interviewed a number of representatives and members who attended the National Two Sessions this year, and gave you detailed explanations on some of the important tasks and objectives listed in the draft of the "14th Five-Year Plan".
Value added of strategic emerging industries
Over 17% of GDP
Our reporter Ye Xiaonan
[Blueprint] Focus on seizing opportunities for future industrial development, cultivating leading and pillar industries, and promoting the integration, clustering, and ecological development of strategic emerging industries. The added value of strategic emerging industries accounts for more than 17% of GDP.
[Prospect] Wang Jiguang, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and member of the Central Democratic National Construction Association:
The draft outline of the "14th Five-Year Plan" puts "advancing the advancement of the industrial base and modernization of the industrial chain" as an important indicator of new achievements in economic development, puts forward the goal and task of accelerating the development of a modern industrial system, and proposes the development and expansion of strategic emerging industries.
This will help ensure the integrity, safety and controllability of China’s industrial system in an increasingly uncertain international environment, enhance the shock resistance and comprehensive competitiveness of the national economic system, and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and promote Provide solid support for high-quality development.
At present, efforts should be made to improve the modernization level of the industrial chain supply chain from the following aspects:
Aiming at independent controllability, open cooperation, safety and efficiency as the goal, we will strive to build a functional platform that promotes the mutual promotion of domestic and international double cycles, and lay a solid foundation for giving full play to China's super-large-scale market advantages and domestic demand potential.
To strengthen key common technology cooperation as a breakthrough point, focus on promoting collaborative innovation among market players in all links of the industrial chain, strengthen technological innovation and technological breakthroughs, and promote the modernization of the industrial chain with the industrialization of key technologies.
Focus on all-round participation in the formulation of international technical standards and industry rules in important industrial fields, focus on improving the level of opening up and international cooperation, attract more foreign investment to advanced manufacturing, and promote industrial technology standards to the world, in order to enhance the international competitiveness and direction of the industry. The high-end industry chain creates conditions.
Investment in research and development expenditures
An average annual growth rate of more than 7%
Our reporter Qiu Haifeng
[Blueprint] Enhance the technological innovation capabilities of enterprises, stimulate the vitality of talent innovation, improve the technological innovation system and mechanism, and increase the investment in R&D expenditures of the whole society by more than 7% annually, and strive to invest more than the actual intensity of the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.
[Prospect] Li Yan, representative of the National People's Congress and President of Qilu Pharmaceutical Group:
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China has deeply implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, and has achieved landmark achievements in scientific and technological innovation.
"Chang'e" moon exploration, "Beidou" networking, "Jiaolong" entering the sea... New achievements, new technologies, and new products have come out one after another.
In the past five years, the contribution rate of China's scientific and technological progress has increased from 55.3% to 59.5%; the total social R&D expenditure has increased from 1.42 trillion yuan in 2015 to 2.44 trillion yuan in 2020, and basic research funding has more than doubled, which strongly supports the industry Upgrade, effectively promote high-quality development.
The "14th Five-Year Plan" is the first five years of the new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and the importance of innovation is self-evident.
The draft outline of the "14th Five-Year Plan" proposes to insist on the core position of innovation in the overall modernization drive of our country, take scientific and technological independence and self-reliance as the strategic support of national development, with special emphasis on improving the technological innovation capabilities of enterprises and the average annual growth of investment in research and development of the whole society7 Above% makes me feel excited.
In fact, this is exactly what our company has worked hard to do in recent years, and it is also our biggest goal and direction in the future.
In the past year, Qilu Pharmaceutical's technological innovation has been accelerating. The group invested 2.65 billion yuan in research and development, and a total of 20 drugs were listed throughout the year.
Next, we will continue to adhere to the path of innovation-driven development, strengthen scientific research, accelerate the launch of new drugs for major diseases under research, meet social needs, and play a role in strengthening national strategic scientific and technological forces.
Basic pension insurance participation rate
Up to 95%
Our reporter Yin Peng
[Blueprint] Improve the multi-level social security system, increase the basic pension insurance participation rate to 95%, and optimize the social assistance and charity system.
[Prospect] Zheng Gongcheng, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of the Chinese Society of Social Security:
Constructing a multi-level social security system is the established goal of China's social security reform, and it is also the mainstream trend of social security development in the world today.
This is not only the only way to meet the diverse and personalized security needs of different groups of people, but also the only way to adapt to the requirements of aging and social development and progress, and the only way to continue to strengthen the material foundation of the social security system.
At present, China's social security reform and development have achieved great results, the coverage of pension insurance has continued to expand, and the statutory social security system has become a basic way and institutional guarantee for all people to share the fruits of national development.
However, it should also be noted that the development of other levels of security dominated by the market and social forces is still lagging behind.
Entering the "14th Five-Year Plan", there is an urgent need to make substantial progress in the construction of a multi-level social security system.
The first is to adhere to the basic positioning of statutory social security and speed up the finalization to further increase the insurance participation rate.
Second, take corporate annuities as a breakthrough to accelerate the construction of a multi-level pension system.
The third is to drive market entities and individual investment with more precise policies, including the implementation of precise tax reduction and exemption policies, to stimulate the endogenous motivation of market entities and guide middle and high-income groups to obtain more comprehensive protection through the market mechanism; use the government to purchase services, etc., Guide social forces to develop elderly care services and welfare services for children and the disabled; encourage employers to improve employee welfare.
The fourth is to vigorously develop charity, actively promote the organic integration of charity, social assistance, and social welfare, and create a better environment for the development of various charitable organizations.
Forest cover rate
Reached 24.1%
Our reporter Yan Bing
[Blueprint] Accelerate the construction of important ecological barriers, build a system of natural protection areas with national parks as the main body, and achieve a forest coverage rate of 24.1%.
[Prospect] Guan Zhiou, deputy to the National People's Congress, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the National Forestry and Grass Administration:
Forests and grasslands are important natural ecosystems, which play a fundamental and strategic role in maintaining national ecological security and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the country has completed afforestation of 545 million mu, 637 million mu of forest tending, and construction of 48.05 million mu of national reserve forest. The forest coverage rate has increased to 23.04%, and the forest stock volume has exceeded 17.5 billion cubic meters, which has been maintained for 30 consecutive years. "Double growth" has become the country with the largest increase in forest resources.
This has laid a solid foundation for the realization of new progress in the "14th Five-Year" ecological civilization and the construction of a beautiful China, the fundamental improvement of the ecological environment in 2035, and the basic realization of the goal of the construction of a beautiful China.
The draft of the "14th Five-Year Plan" outlines that the forest coverage rate will reach 24.1%.
We must firmly establish the concept that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains, mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and sand system. We should fully implement the forest head system as the starting point, and accelerate the integration and development of forestry, grassland, and national parks as the main line, focusing on the key points. , Work together to tackle tough problems, work hard and work hard, comprehensively promote the high-quality development of forestry and grass work, make new contributions to building an ecological safety barrier, building a beautiful China, and continue to strive for the modernization of the harmonious symbiosis of man and nature.
The "Opinions on the Full Implementation of the Forest Head System" proposes to ensure that the forest head system will be fully established by June 2022.
This means that all our forests and grasslands will have their own guardians.
At present and for a period in the future, the National Forestry and Grass System will fully promote the implementation of the forest head system, and strive to complete the task of establishing forest heads at all levels in advance.
Formulate the outline of the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the protection and development of forestry and grassland, and implement a regional landscape, forest, field, lake, and sand system control project.
Scientifically carry out the greening of the country to ensure the completion of the target task of "the forest stock volume by 2030 will increase by 6 billion cubic meters compared with 2005" on schedule, and strive to paint a new picture of the construction of a beautiful China with the brush of woods and grass.
Average years of education of working-age population
To 11.3 years
Our reporter Li Jiabao
[Blueprint] Build a high-quality education system, deepen education reforms, implement education quality and capacity expansion projects, and increase the average number of years of education of the working-age population to 11.3 years.
[Prospect] Liu Xiya, deputy to the National People's Congress and principal of Xiejiawan Primary School in Jiulongpo, Chongqing:
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China's educational undertakings achieved outstanding achievements, with leaps and bounds in education at all levels and types, the construction of the teaching team has reached a new level, and new breakthroughs have been made in the construction of education law.
In the field of basic education, the universal level of nine-year compulsory education has been greatly improved, and the consolidation rate reached 94.8% by the end of 2019.
The central and local fiscal funds have been invested in compulsory education in poor areas on a large scale, and efforts have been made to improve the basic conditions for running schools in weak schools.
The draft of the "14th Five-Year Plan" on the deployment of education embodies the concept and determination to promote high-quality and balanced development of education, timely responds to the call for talents in the development of the new era, and also responds to the people's urgent demand for high-quality educational resources. It is helpful to further complement the shortcomings of education development, and promote China to move from a big education country to a strong education country.
At the same time, related goals and tasks also put forward higher requirements for the development of basic education.
The key to implementation is to enhance the ability of basic-level schools to implement quality education and the vitality of self-sponsored learning, and to enhance the educational and teaching capabilities of the basic-level teachers and their attractiveness to talents.
In my opinion, to promote the high-quality development of basic education, we must start from the following three aspects:
Persist in the implementation of the party’s educational policy, implement the fundamental task of Lide’s cultivation of people, guide students to cultivate and practice socialist core values in practice, and run education that is satisfactory to the party and the people; continue to deepen the reform of education and teaching, focusing on “teaching” "What to learn with harmony", adhere to quality education, simultaneously focus on "how to teach and how to learn", and focus on "how to teach and how to learn", play the role of the main position in the classroom, and effectively improve the quality of classroom teaching; actively explore the reform of education evaluation in running schools Implementation in practice.
Energy consumption per unit of GDP
13.5% reduction
Our reporter Yang Junfeng
[Blueprint] Accelerate the green transformation of development methods, coordinate high-quality economic development and high-level protection of the ecological environment, and reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 13.5% and 18%, respectively.
[Prospect] Song Xin, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Party Secretary and Chairman of China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd.:
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to accelerate high-quality development and promote green transformation of development methods.
As an important support for green development, the energy-saving and environmental protection industry will play a key role.
Specifically, in the emerging clean energy field, energy utilization technologies such as biomass energy and geothermal energy will develop rapidly, and future energy technologies such as hydrogen energy and energy storage will gradually mature.
The traditional energy-saving service sector will enter a period of model transformation, and the emerging energy-saving service sector is accelerating the transition to digitalization, electrification and cleanliness. The development of integrated energy, especially green energy, is unstoppable and has a trillion-level market potential.
In the new development stage, through the organization and implementation of relevant key projects, forging the consulting planning and resource coordinating ability to promote the realization of the national "carbon peak and carbon neutral" goal, and the ability to provide comprehensive solutions for the development of energy and environment in the country's green areas, which will help boost The high-quality development of green economy and energy-saving and environmental protection industries is of great significance.
Urban survey unemployment rate
Control within 5.5%
Our reporter He Xinyu
[Blueprint] Implement the employment priority strategy and expand employment capacity.
The urban surveyed unemployment rate is controlled within 5.5%.
[Prospect] Dai Hongbing, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy chairman of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee of Jiu San Society:
Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood.
To expand employment capacity during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, we should vigorously develop service industries and small and medium-sized enterprises that are conducive to employment promotion, and create more jobs.
In implementing the employment priority strategy and expanding the employment capacity, flexible employment cannot be ignored.
Flexible employment has now become one of the important ways of social employment.
In the fight against the new crown pneumonia epidemic, flexible employment personnel such as takeaways, online ride-hailing drivers, and couriers have all made outstanding contributions.
With the continuous advancement of economic informatization and new forms of employment continue to emerge, people's employment methods will become more and more autonomous, individualized and even family-oriented, and the number of flexible employment will continue to increase.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to improve the multi-channel flexible employment security system, support and standardize the development of new employment forms, and protect the benefits and rights of flexible employees. This is also in line with the expectations of the public.
Urbanization rate of permanent population
Increased to 65%
Reporter leaves
[Blueprint] In-depth advancement of a new human-centered urbanization strategy, accelerate the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population, increase the urbanization rate of the permanent population to 65%, develop and expand urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas, implement urban renewal actions, and improve the housing market system and housing Guarantee system to improve the quality of urbanization development.
[Prospect] Cai Jiming, representative of the National People's Congress and member of the National New Urbanization Planning Expert Advisory Committee:
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the reform of the household registration system has become an "accelerator" for the construction of a new type of urbanization. More than 100 million people who have migrated from agriculture have become "new citizens". In 2019, the urbanization rate of the registered population will increase to 44.38%, and the urbanization rate of the permanent population will reach 60.6%.
On the whole, the urbanization rate of China's permanent population is higher than the world average, but there is still a gap compared with the urbanization rate of upper-middle-income countries.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the urbanization rate of China's permanent population will be increased to 65%, which requires the in-depth promotion of a new type of urbanization centered on people, so that the vast agricultural transfer population can better share the fruits of development.
Regarding the household registration system, most of the central and western regions except for the provincial capitals have achieved zero threshold for settlement, and the threshold for settlement in the eastern region has generally been lowered. In the future, restrictions on settlement except for individual megacities should be liberalized.
In terms of housing security, it is recommended to increase the supply of urban land by linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, increase residential land, etc., reduce the threshold for migrant workers to enter the city, and properly solve the problem of their housing.
In addition, industrialization and urbanization complement each other, and the private economy contributes more than 80% of urban labor employment, and the private economy must be unswervingly supported to move forward.
Comprehensive food production capacity
Keep it above 1.3 trillion catties
Our reporter Jia Pingfan
[Blueprint] Prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas, strictly observe the red line of 1.8 billion acres of arable land, implement high-standard farmland construction projects, black soil protection projects, ensure the safety of provenance, implement rural construction actions, and improve the urban-rural integration development system and mechanism.
The comprehensive grain production capacity remains above 1.3 trillion catties.
[Prospect] Wei Houkai, deputy to the National People's Congress and director of the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences:
At present, China's food supply can ensure "basically self-sufficiency in grains and absolute security of rations."
According to our calculations, China's grain self-sufficiency rate has been above 95% every year since 2005, meeting the basic self-sufficiency requirement of grains.
At the same time, the 2015-2019 self-sufficiency rate of rations calculated by rice and wheat is above 100%, which is within the range of absolute ration safety.
In order to ensure national food security, during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, on the basis of fully mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm in growing grain and local governments, and stabilizing the sown area of grain, the strategy of "hiding grain in the ground and storing grain in technology" should also be implemented. Put the focus on the seeds and cultivated land.
In terms of seeds, the key is to do a good job in the protection, development and utilization of germplasm resources, major scientific research joint research on improved varieties, and seed industry industrialization. Joint research on improved varieties should be the top priority of agricultural science and technology, and the start of seed source "stuck neck" technical research should be accelerated. , Fully fight a turnaround in the seed industry.
In terms of arable land, the focus is on the construction of high-standard farmland and farmland water conservancy facilities in accordance with higher standards and quality, intensifying the management of “non-agriculturalization” and “non-grainization” of arable land, and ensuring that limited arable land is prioritized for grain production. Ways to improve the overall grain production capacity and sustainable development capacity.
Life expectancy
Raise one more year
Our reporter Wang Meihua
[Blueprint] Comprehensively promote the construction of a healthy China, build a strong public health system, extensively carry out national fitness exercises, and increase the average life expectancy by one year.
[Prospect] Wu Hao, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center in Fengtai District, Beijing:
People's health is an important symbol of a country's prosperity and prosperity.
From 2015 to the end of 2019, the average life expectancy of Chinese residents has increased from 76.3 years to 77.3 years.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China's main health indicators are generally better than the average level of middle- and high-income countries, and China's health care has made great progress.
At the same time, we must also realize that with the change of lifestyle, the incidence of tumors and chronic diseases has risen, and the treatment of chronic diseases has become a long-term important task. In the future, health care must shift from "extending life span" to "extending healthy life span". Plan ahead for healthy aging, continue to adhere to prevention first, and shift from focusing on treating diseases to focusing on people's health.
To this end, it is recommended to make structural adjustments to medical insurance, increase the proportion of outpatient medical insurance reimbursement, and at the same time improve the capacity of primary medical and health services, increase technical training and capital investment for primary medical staff, and consolidate the primary medical network.
We must also vigorously popularize health knowledge, improve the health literacy of the whole people, guide the masses to establish the concept of general health and general health, and cultivate active and healthy living habits and methods.