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Eight presidents have had the V French Republic.

Four were never prosecuted by the Justice: Charles de Gaulle (1959-69), Georges Pompidou (1969-74), François Hollande (2012-17) and Emmanuel Macron (since 2017).

Two, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974-81) and François Mitterrand (1981-95) were splashed with several 'affairs' but they did not have to sit on the bench.

Finally, two have been convicted:

Jacques Chirac

(1995-2007) and Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-12). To Chirac the action of the Jus

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