Science and technology support strong motivation for poverty alleviation (fighting for a hundred years and setting sail for a new journey·Poverty alleviation answer sheet)
“I didn’t know what Yunrong was before, but did experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences say so well? Later, I saw that the folks planted well, so I decided to give it a try.” Yang Chaolun, a villager in Yuanba Village, Panlong Town, Shuicheng County, Guizhou Province, said of his poverty alleviation Experience, "Now that I can see that it is more cost-effective to grow Yunrong, you can sell it for several thousand yuan per acre, which is many times over."
Peasants get rid of poverty and become rich, supported by science and technology.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the work of poverty alleviation through science and technology has been steadily advanced. The national science and technology system has built 1,290 innovation and entrepreneurship platforms in poverty-stricken areas, established 77,000 science and technology assistance pairs, selected 289,800 science and technology commissioners, and invested more than 20 billion yuan , Implemented 37,600 scientific and technological projects at various levels and promoted the application of more than 50,000 advanced practical technologies and new varieties.
With the help of technology, the income of the people has increased, and the motivation to get rid of poverty has become stronger.
Send technology to accurately solve planting difficulties
The conditions in poor areas are different, and each has its needs for poverty alleviation and development.
In recent years, science and technology workers from the national science and technology system have stepped out of the high-wall compound to go deep into the front line of poverty alleviation, and the seeds of science and technology have blossomed on the ground.
Find the right target and send farmers the most needed varieties and technologies.
"When I was young, I used to carry some wild products to the county to sell it. I didn't believe that planting fungus could get rich." Xiao Chao, a villager in Xiaotai Village, Xingping Town, Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province, recalled.
It turns out that Zhashui County has a long history of planting fungus, but it has not brought prosperity to the people. One of the major problems is that traditional planting methods are time-consuming, low yield, poor efficiency, and lack of technical support in key links.
Since 2017, the team led by academician Li Yu of the Chinese Academy of Engineering has brought to Zhashui County 5 high-quality black fungus demonstrative strains with strong viability, high planting yield and good promotion prospects, and successfully cultivated jade fungus, golden fungus, Edible fungi such as morels and bamboo fungus.
These varieties not only enhance the value of the product, but also make the zhashui fungus become famous.
Good varieties and technologies bring real benefits to the poor.
In order to realize "a tree of navel oranges are red to spring", Deng Xiuxin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, demonstrated the cultivation technology of "leave trees and keep fresh" in Zigui County, Hubei Province. It has become one of the producing areas with the longest supply period of fresh citrus fruits in the country.
This alone will increase farmers' income by more than 30%.
In Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, Cai Weiming, a researcher at the Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, led a team to establish a demonstration base for concentrated production of fungus sticks, "show them to farmers, and lead them to work", and drive more than 20 new production lines with annual production of bacteria. There are more than 38 million sticks, benefiting more than 90% of the mushroom farmers in the county, and accumulative savings and income increase of over 100 million yuan.
Nowadays in Wuyi, growing mushrooms is no longer a chore of suffering and not making money.
A local mushroom farmer said: "Here we can grow mushrooms and make a lot of money in suits and shoes."
Helping the industry, the effect of poverty alleviation is more lasting
Giving technology can solve the immediate problems, while supporting the industry can make the effect more lasting.
Poverty alleviation through science and technology has given vitality to old industries.
"Zizania spp. grows for a long time, it will degenerate. Not only does the color and shape become more and more unsightly, the output is only half of the previous, and the price can't go up." The memory of the difficulties in the past is still fresh.
At the critical moment, Zhang Qi'an, the chief expert of the vegetable industry technology system in Anhui Province, and his team sent new technologies and new varieties, and the rice whites that grew were both good-looking and delicious.
However, new problems also followed.
The quality of Zizania sibiricum has been improved. Everyone still wants to go to the market on a staggered peak to further improve efficiency. What about the construction of cold storage?
Different vegetable varieties have different fresh-keeping conditions and require different refrigeration temperatures.
For this reason, the experts explored while experimenting and finally found the most suitable refrigeration temperature for the fresh-keeping of Zizania.
Under their guidance, Yuexi County has built more than 3,000 cubic meters of water chestnut cold storage.
"With the support of advanced technology, the bottleneck problem of industrial poverty alleviation has been solved, the industrial chain has been extended, deep processing has been realized, and the market competitiveness has been greatly improved." Chen Zongyi said.
Poverty alleviation through science and technology has created new industries.
Bailang County is located in Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region, with an average altitude of more than 4,000 meters, sufficient sunshine and large temperature differences. The highland barley has been harvested for more than 10 years.
As the price of highland barley has not changed much over the long term, the pockets of the people of Bailang have not been bulged.
Zhang Jiming, who has extensive vegetable planting experience, came to Bailang County from Jinan City, Shandong Province as a technician for Tibet.
After on-site inspections, he led local farmers to grow fruits and vegetables, improve the soil, introduce new varieties of fruits and vegetables, and teach them how to raise seedlings, manage, and fertilize. After several years of development, there are now tens of thousands of vegetable greenhouses in Bailang County, and 140 fruits and vegetables are grown. More than species, the planting area exceeds 14,000 mu, and the annual output value is more than 200 million yuan.
Pando, 23, is now a technician in a vegetable company in Bai Lang.
In the past, she followed her mother to grow highland barley and do odd jobs. Now she has learned how to raise seedlings, cut flowers, thin fruits, and graft... and earn several thousand yuan a month.
In October 2018, Bailang County officially lifted out of poverty, in which more than 4,000 people were lifted out of poverty directly by fruit and vegetable cultivation.
Educate talents, with stronger endogenous motivation
It is fundamental to uproot the roots of poverty and stimulate the endogenous motivation of the poor.
In order to solve the persistent problem of insufficient endogenous motivation for farmers to get rid of poverty, the national science and technology system has implemented a number of education projects such as teaching training and popular science to benefit farmers in poor areas to stimulate the potential of the poor for self-development.
Change the concept of poor households and let them have the "ambition" to get rid of poverty.
"In the past, there was no direction in life and lack of energy to work. Now I have not only learned a lot of skills and scientific planting knowledge, but also feel that my life is getting more and more exciting." After the words and deeds of experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Panlong Township, Shuicheng County, Guizhou Province Zhao Yuhong, a villager in Ba Village, not only learned to plant special agricultural products to increase income and become rich, but also passed on to a junior college through self-study and embarked on a new life path.
Scientific research personnel have been stationed on the front line of poverty alleviation for a long time, eating and living with the farmer brothers, helping them to establish a new concept of technology to get rich, hard work to get rich, and take the lead in getting rich.
Like Zhao Yuhong, more and more impoverished households have abandoned the mentality of "leaning against the roots of the wall to bask in the sun and waiting for others to give you a well-off" mentality, and have realized the fundamental change from "I want to develop" to "I want to develop."
Cultivate local "technical understanding people" and let them get "wisdom" out of poverty.
It is better to teach people how to fish than to teach people how to fish.
In Lancang County, Yunnan Province, a team led by Zhu Youyong, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, set up a scientific and technological poverty alleviation instruction class to teach agricultural production skills to the poor with a new model of "township (town) agricultural technicians + trainees + farmers".
Local villager Ma Zhengfa took two courses in winter potato planting and fruit tree planting in the instruction class.
After graduating, relying on the new technology he learned, he not only increased his income, but also drove more than 10 poor households in the same village to set up files and get out of poverty.
Farmer technicians are not only a bridge and link between farmers and science and technology, but also a good example for local people to learn and apply new technologies. With a "understandable person", there will be more "understandable people."
According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Science and Technology, since 2014, the central government has invested a total of 2.14 billion yuan to implement the "Three Districts" (remote and poverty-stricken areas, frontier ethnic areas and revolutionary old areas) talent support program special plans for scientific and technical personnel, and have trained more than 20,000 people. Local talents who understand technology, know how to operate, and are good at management have cultivated a team of "retainable, capable of fighting and not taking away" for poor areas.
Our reporter Wu Yuehui Gu Yekai Liu Shiyao Yu Sinan