The "Administrative Measures for the Circulation of Rural Land Management Rights" will come into force on March 1st-
How to Circulate Reasonably and Orderly of 1.5 billion Mu of Contracted Land
Our reporter Qiao Jinliang
A few days ago, the "Administrative Measures for the Circulation of Rural Land Management Rights" was formally promulgated and came into effect on March 1.
This is a major event that concerns the vital interests of farmers and guarantees national food security.
The "Measures" clarified specific regulations on the review and review of land management rights acquired by industrial and commercial enterprises and other social capital through circulation, and strengthened the protection of cultivated land and the promotion of food production.
How to prevent the "non-graining" of the transferred land?
How to solve the problem of "running off the road" of circulation default?
How to regulate the circulation of industrial and commercial capital and land?
On these hot issues, our reporter interviewed relevant departments and experts.
Not one-sided pursuit of speed and scale
Right now, land circulation is accelerating.
Up to now, the country has basically completed the registration and issuance of rights to rural contracted land, involving more than 200 million farmers, and about 1.5 billion mu of contracted land has been confirmed to farmers.
On the basis of confirmation of rights, various localities will improve the land transfer market, standardize the market operation mechanism, and guide the transfer parties to sign a written transfer contract.
There have been 1,239 counties (cities, districts) and 18,731 townships in the country that have established rural land management rights transfer service centers. The transfer area of farmland contracted by households nationwide exceeds 555 million mu, which is more than 30% of the contracted land.
Confirmation and registration have established a foundation for promoting land circulation.
With the completion of land right confirmation, in Nanxun Town, Nanxun District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the rural land contract relationship has become increasingly stable, which has improved the fragmentation of cultivated land distribution and the disorder of spatial layout.
Nanxun Town is listed as a pilot site for comprehensive land consolidation. Through comprehensive land consolidation and land transfer, cultivated land can be contiguous.
New business entities are more confident to invest in land for a long time, and farmers can rest assured that they can outflow land to collect rent, which stimulates the momentum of rural development.
In Heilongjiang, the largest province in grain production, the land transfer area of the province exceeds 130 million mu, accounting for 54% of the cultivated land area.
The relevant person in charge of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Heilongjiang Province introduced that through the establishment of a four-level land transfer information network platform at the provincial, city, county and township levels, it promotes land transfer information and network management services, and promotes appropriate scale operation of agriculture.
At present, Heilongjiang has established a provincial-level rural property rights trading center, and all 73 counties and districts have established rural property rights trading markets, with a cumulative transaction volume of 260 million yuan. Relying on land rights confirmation data, it cooperates with financial institutions to provide farmers with low-cost credit loans. A total of nearly 20 billion yuan of loans have been granted.
"The development of land circulation and scale management is an objective trend and a gradual historical process. It is necessary to see the inevitability of the development direction and the long-term nature of the advancing process. It cannot be separated from the agricultural conditions and one-sided pursuit of the speed of circulation and super-large scale. Otherwise Haste is not fast.” Zhang Hongyu, deputy dean of the China Rural Research Institute of Tsinghua University, said that the transfer of land management rights should be adapted to local conditions, step by step, and grasp the degree of transfer, concentration, and scale of operations. The transfer scale should be in line with the process of urbanization and the transfer of rural labor. The scale is compatible with the improvement of agricultural socialized service level.
Prevent abandoning farmland from breaking contracts
At present, my country is in a period of rapid industrialization and urbanization, and the pressure to protect cultivated land is increasing, and the task of ensuring national food security is becoming more and more difficult.
The reporter learned that due to market fluctuations, natural disasters and other factors, especially in recent years, the relative efficiency of agricultural production such as grain has declined, causing some business entities that circulate land to break contracts or even "run away" due to losses.
How to give priority to the transfer of land for food production?
How to protect the interests of farmers who are out of land?
A recent survey conducted by the Nanjing Forestry University's "Chinese Village Economy" teacher and student research team in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province found that land rents have remained high for a long time, which has become a "tightening curse" on large-scale grain growing accounts.
The average net income per mu of these business entities is only 34 yuan, and they will lose money if they are not careful.
Faced with the sharply narrowing of profit margins, some entities have taken the initiative to reduce the area or adjust the planting structure, which will not help stabilize grain production.
The research team stated that it is necessary to enhance the confidence of the business entities in the prospect of growing grain from two aspects.
On the one hand, it is necessary to explore a new mode of moderate-scale operation through the sharing of operating rights, and accelerate the improvement of policy systems such as subsidies, finance and taxation, credit, insurance, and electricity.
On the other hand, it is necessary to enhance the risk prevention capabilities of large-scale business households, improve the performance mechanism, and resolve land transfer disputes.
Qionglai City, Chengdu, Sichuan, pioneered land transfer performance guarantee insurance in the country.
"Land transfer performance guarantee insurance is an insurance company that provides insurance protection for farmers and other outflows. If the lessee breaches the contract, the loss suffered by the outflow will be paid by the insurance company, and the insurance company will recover from the lessee." Jintai Insurance Company Qionglai Zhizhi The person in charge of the company, Zhao Xu, told reporters that if the circulation rent of 1,000 yuan per mu of land is calculated, the insurance premium is 30 yuan. After half of the financial subsidy, the owner will bear 12 yuan and the farmers will bear 3 yuan.
"The "Measures" specifically added relevant content to strengthen the guarantee of circulation risks to deal with the phenomenon of business entities breaking contracts due to losses." The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that some places have established land management rights circulation risk guarantees through appropriate government subsidies. The golden system has achieved good results.
However, considering the large differences in different regions, it also avoids increasing the burden on the business entity. It is not required to set up a unified risk protection fund. It only stipulates that the entire village (group) of land management rights has a large transfer area, involves more farmers, and has higher operating risks. Risk protection funds can be set up.
Encourage insurance institutions to provide various forms of insurance services such as circulation performance guarantee insurance for the circulation of land management rights.
Regulate capital to rent land in the countryside
"Industrial and commercial enterprises entering the agricultural field and participating in production and operation activities are an important force in advancing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. However, in the production and operation links, the risks of enterprise renting land and the waste of land resources frequently occur. It is urgent to establish and improve Risk prevention system for business enterprises in renting land.” said Gao Qiang, director of the Rural Policy Research Center of Nanjing Forestry University.
The newly revised "Rural Land Contract Law" clearly requires the establishment of qualification review, project review and risk prevention systems for industrial and commercial enterprises and other social capital to obtain land management rights through circulation.
The "Measures" further clarify that local people's governments shall establish a hierarchical qualification review and project review system in accordance with the law.
"The biggest highlight of the "Measures" is to establish and improve the detailed regulations on the access supervision system for industrial and commercial enterprises and other social capital to obtain land management rights through circulation." Gao Qiang said that localities should speed up the improvement of corporate management capabilities, reputation files, social responsibility and Operational rules such as credit guarantees, and further improve the reward and punishment mechanism.
For example, companies that strictly abide by the contract, prepay land rents for farmers, increase investment in land consolidation, irrigation facilities, etc., and contribute to improving soil fertility and protecting the ecological environment, the government can give certain tax incentives and credit support.
Conversely, for non-compliance with the land transfer contract, illegal occupation of land, arrears of land rent to farmers, or damage to the ecological environment, a penalty mechanism for breach of contract should be established, and legal liabilities should be pursued if the circumstances are serious.
Will the new regulations raise the threshold for land transfer?
Will it cause the business entities to increase their concerns?
The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs stated that the new regulations provide stronger institutional guarantees for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of contract farmers and various new types of business entities, rather than restricting circulation and binding the hands and feet of law-abiding business entities.
While requiring localities to establish and improve access supervision systems, they also clearly require localities to establish land management rights circulation markets or rural property rights trading markets.
Our reporter Qiao Jinliang