From a shared teacher model to a full range of arts and sports teachers need to make systematic changes, experts point out
The root of the shortage of art and sports teachers lies in the education evaluation system
□ Trainee reporter Zhang Shoukun
□ reporter Wang Yang
The inclusion of aesthetic education and physical education in the high school entrance examination is undoubtedly "big news" for China's basic education.
Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Aesthetic Education in the New Era" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), clarifying that China will fully implement the assessment of the artistic quality of primary and secondary school students and incorporate the assessment results into the preliminary , Evaluation of the comprehensive quality of high school students, while exploring the inclusion of art subjects in the scope of the junior and high school level examinations, the inclusion of art subjects in the pilot reform of the high school entrance examination, and the admission scoring subjects for the high school entrance examination.
By 2022, the entrance examination for aesthetic education will be fully implemented.
Prior to this, on October 16, 2020, the Ministry of Education held a press conference stating that the school's physical education entrance examination should increase the score year by year, reaching the same level as the number of foreign languages.
However, for many rural and suburban schools, how to break the "bottleneck" of the shortage of art and sports teachers and ensure that the physical education courses are well opened is a difficult problem that cannot be avoided.
According to reports, there is a serious shortage of music, sports, and art teachers in some rural or remote areas. Although some schools are equipped with classrooms with complete functions, they do not even have a full-time teacher. Many places have music, sports, and beauty subjects. Phenomenon of concurrent teachers of language, mathematics and English.
Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that the shortage of art and sports teachers is a long-standing phenomenon and problem. The current shared teacher system explored in many places can alleviate the shortage of art and sports teachers, but the effect is limited.
The shortage of art and sports teachers is a systemic problem, and it requires systematic measures to solve it in depth.
Lack of benefits and guarantees are difficult to implement
There is a long-standing shortage of art teachers
Pan, a villager in Hai'an County, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, has recently felt a little anxious.
He told the reporter of the "Rules of Law Daily" that starting from the 2023 junior high school graduates, the Nantong art subject assessment results will be officially included in the total scores of the high school entrance examination, and his child happens to graduate that year.
"Music, art, and physical education courses are not taken seriously in the countryside. Some courses have not yet been opened, and there are no teachers. I am worried that my children will affect the grades of the high school entrance examination because of poor art courses." Pan said.
According to reports, in some rural schools, art education courses are indeed under-appreciated and not fully opened.
Coupled with the shortage of art education teachers in rural areas, some schools simply do not open these courses. "Music is taught by Chinese teachers" and "Physical education is taught by mathematics teachers" are extremely common.
The 2019 National Compulsory Education Balanced Development Supervision and Evaluation Work Report shows that among the 35 basic and balanced on-site verification counties, 25 counties lack teachers in subjects such as music, sports, art, English, science, and information technology to varying degrees, and a total of 2,095 teachers are missing This problem is more prominent in rural schools.
Cheng Fangping, a professor at the School of Education of Renmin University of China, told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that the problem of uneven education resources in urban and rural areas and the shortage of art and sports teachers have long existed. There are many reasons for this phenomenon.
Although many provinces and cities have included the sports and aesthetics scores in the total scores of the senior high school entrance examination before the "Opinions" was released, their proportion is still very low in the context of the college entrance examination system, and the arts and sports subjects are not taken seriously, and they are still regarded as " The existence of "sub-classes" affects art and sports teachers from the source.
Chu Zhaohui said that the main reason for the shortage of art and sports teachers is the small number of training. Compared with subjects such as language and mathematics, art and sports teachers often suffer from the lack of guarantees for their salaries and difficulties in implementing teacher establishment indicators in schools. At the same time, it is related to the neglect of the disciplines of art and sports teachers in the entire education evaluation system, which is a systemic problem.
According to the "National Trial Basic Standards for School Sports and Hygiene Conditions", elementary and junior high schools are equipped with one physical education teacher for every six classes, and rural primary and secondary schools (with more than 200 students) are equipped with at least one full-time physical education teacher.
But the reality is far from these standards.
It is understood that Hetian Middle School in Longhui County, Hunan Province is a rural junior middle school with a total of 768 students, and currently does not even have a full-time physical education teacher; in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, there is an investment of 1.5 million yuan in the construction of the central elementary school in Bianyuan Township The "Country Children's Palace" in Beijing has an art room, a music room, a science and technology activity room, etc., but the entire school does not have a full-time music or art teacher.
Cheng Pingyuan, a professor at the School of Social Development of Nanjing Normal University, believes that even though some schools seem to be fully equipped with art and sports teachers, due to the existence of the weather vane of the college entrance examination, they actually rarely or do not attend classes, basically just furnishings.
Explore the establishment of a shared teacher system
As a transitional policy to complement shortcomings
Li Zhiyin is a music teacher and head of teaching and research group at Guiyang Road Primary School in Baohe District, Hefei, and an excellent backbone teacher in Baohe District.
In 2020, Li Zhiyin joined the Baohe Arts and Sports Teacher Activity Service Center and became a "shared teacher".
As a music teacher, Li Zhiyin travels to and from the Arts and Sports Center, Jindoulu Primary School and his own Guiyanglu Primary School every week to give free music lessons to the children.
Xu Li, director of the Art and Sports Center in Baohe District, Hefei, told the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that for a long time, the insufficient number of art and sports teachers has been a common problem that has plagued schools in rural and remote areas in cities to carry out arts and sports education.
In September 2011, the Baohe District Education and Sports Bureau of Hefei City explored the establishment of an arts and sports center. 15 famous and key teachers from music, fine arts, sports and other disciplines were selected first, and regularly went to remote, weak schools and rural children’s palaces to open Qi Yi sports courses, forming special interest clubs, and using the "shared teacher" path to solve the problem of insufficient teachers.
In order to encourage more teachers to join the "shared teachers" team, Baohe District provides corresponding policy support. After the district arts and sports center teachers complete the "walking teaching" class assessment, they can be recognized as the "support teaching" experience required for the evaluation of professional titles.
In the past 9 years, the number of permanent teachers in the art and sports center has increased from 15 at the beginning to 79 today. A total of nearly 500 art and sports teachers have served in the art and sports center successively, and the number of art and sports courses offered by the center has increased from more than 20 to 60. Multiple doors.
"At present, the arts and sports center can complement any elementary and middle school in the region in terms of curriculum promotion and teacher construction of arts and sports education." Xu Li introduced.
Cheng Pingyuan said that according to the "Opinions" and other relevant regulations, the Aesthetic Education Entrance Examination will be fully implemented in 2022.
For urban students, even if the school does not have art teachers, they can still make up for it through cram school, but rural students are more helpless.
From a practical point of view, it is difficult to improve the shortage of art and sports teachers in rural areas in the short term. The "shared teacher" model can allow more children to receive relatively good art training and alleviate the urgent needs of students in remote areas such as rural areas. .
Since 2018, in view of the shortage of key teachers in rural schools and the unbalanced allocation, and the shortage of professional teachers in subjects such as art, sports, science and information, Zhuzhou Central Primary School in Leidashi Town, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province has selected 4 art, music, and reading Professional teachers in science, science and other subjects stationed in different rural schools every day to achieve "teaching by class". Due to the long distance between rural schools, teaching can only be carried out on a daily basis.
One school a day turns, and the school that has art and sports classes will have classes on this day.
In Chu Zhaohui's view, "sharing teachers" is a measure that is only effective within a certain range.
In some places, teachers are being recruited by county-managed schools. In this way, the relationship between teachers is in the county, but the specific school to go to must be determined according to the needs of the school.
Affected by time and distance, "shared teachers" can only flow in a small area, and the problems that can be solved are limited.
If the total number of teachers is not enough, "shared teachers" still cannot solve the problem fundamentally.
The "shared teacher" model can be seen as a transitional policy to make up for the shortcomings of art and sports teachers, but it cannot be over-relied on. It also needs ideas to solve the shortage of art and sports teachers.
Strengthen supervision and play local role
Eradicate the shortage of art teachers
Chu Zhaohui said that the shortage of art and sports teachers is not just a problem of teachers. In order to solve the shortage of art and sports teachers at a deeper level, it is necessary to solve the problem of guaranteeing the rights of students in compulsory education in rural or remote areas. Equipped with adequate educational resources.
"Schools that do not lack art and sports teachers are because they have enjoyed relatively abundant public resources. If the distribution of public resources can be more balanced, the training, management and employment of art and sports teachers can all be solved." Chu Zhaohui Say.
Cheng Fangping pointed out that the most urgent thing to be solved at present is the standardization of schooling.
“The number of art and sports teachers required by relevant national standards is difficult to reach right away, but at least one school should have an art education or physical education teacher. In order to achieve better results, art and sports teachers should be used as training teachers. One type of standard equipment. For example, dance teachers, who themselves include two courses of art and physical education, are completely achievable in practice."
It is understood that Ganzhou District of Gansu Province launched the "Three-Year Training Program for Improving Young Teachers' Artistic Literacy" in 2014, striving to enable 2,000 young teachers under the age of 35 to master a skill within three years. Teachers and rural or remote areas Of students have been greatly improved.
"The implementation of standards, the training of art and sports teachers, etc., all require the supervision system of the Ministry of Education to take responsibility for them and effectively play a good role." Cheng Fangping said.
On January 15 this year, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Employment of Public-funded Normal Graduates from Normal Universities Directly Under the Ministry of Education in 2021", requiring all localities and relevant primary and secondary schools to effectively formulate incentives for teacher introduction and improve treatment Guarantee and attract publicly funded normal students to return to the province to teach and teach for life.
Chu Zhaohui believes that many publicly funded teacher students come from remote areas such as villages where teachers are in short supply. These places need such qualified teachers to supplement them in order to improve the quality of children's education.
Cheng Pingyuan said that after the arts and sports subjects enter the high school entrance examination, the status of the corresponding arts and sports subjects will be improved, and arts and sports teachers will be more valued.
On this basis, in order to make up for the shortage of art and sports teachers, first of all, it is necessary to ensure that art and sports teachers can obtain normal staffing and treatment; secondly, it is necessary to make use of the initiative of the grass-roots education department to promote a similar education sharing model, such as Baohe District, Hefei City. The Education and Sports Bureau fully demonstrates autonomy and innovation; finally, it is necessary to actively use existing resources in various aspects. For example, some parents have expertise in art, sports, etc., and schools can organize and utilize them, and finally realize the transition from a shared teacher model to a complete system The perfect transition for art and sports teachers.