China News Service, Beijing, January 22 (Reporter Zhang Ziyang) Recently, the Fire and Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Emergency Management released the situation of national fire and fire rescue teams in 2020, and made a detailed analysis of the fire and rescue situation from "eight aspects". .
In the whole year of last year, the national fire rescue team received a total of 252,000 fires. No particularly serious fires occurred. Larger fires steadily declined. The general fire situation is generally good.
The fires continued to maintain a steady overall trend throughout the year.
In terms of the basic situation of fires, preliminary statistics show that a total of 252,000 fires were reported nationwide, with 1183 deaths, 775 injuries, and direct property losses of 4.009 billion yuan. Compared with 2019, the four fire indexes dropped by 1.4% and 13.6 respectively. %, 12.8% and 0.5%. When the total number of fires was close to the previous year, the number of casualties decreased significantly.
In terms of fire levels, there were 65 major fires throughout the year, a decrease of 10 from the previous year, a decrease of 13.3%, and the lowest number of major fires in the past eight years; 1 major fire occurred, which was lower than the previous year. For the second consecutive year, the number of major fires was controlled to a single one, which is one of the few years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. No particularly major fires have occurred, and no serious fire accidents have occurred for five consecutive years.
The fire occurrence rate and death rate in the western region are relatively high.
Fires are closely related to economic and social development. The western region has a wide area and large differences between urban and rural areas. However, in recent years, the economic development has been rapid and the pressure on fire prevention and control has increased.
In terms of fire distribution, fires in the western region accounted for 29.8% of the total, second only to 36.2% in the east, higher than the central and northeastern regions, but the fire incidence rate of 100,000 people was “19.7”, which was 17% higher than the “16.8” in the eastern region. Percentage points, indicating that the foundation of fire prevention and control in the western region is still relatively weak.
From the perspective of the deaths, the total number of fire deaths across the country fell by 13.6%. Among them, the number of deaths in the northeast, east, and central regions fell by 33.3%, 16.2%, and 10.5%, respectively. The number of deaths in the western region fell the least, down 4.7%, only This is equivalent to about one-third of the national decline; the national fire death rate of 100,000 people is "0.08", the eastern, central and northeastern regions are respectively "0.08", "0.06" and "0.10", while the western region is "0.08". 0.11", which is 37% higher than the national average.
In terms of the distribution of large fires, there were 25 large fires in the west, accounting for 38.5% of the total, which was higher than other areas, especially in Guizhou and Sichuan, where there were 8 and 5 respectively, with “three in one” and self-built houses. Such places account for a relatively large proportion.
In addition, there were 9 major fires in Guangdong, 1 major and 2 major fires in Shanxi, which were also more prominent.
The proportion of fires in rural areas is relatively large, and the probability of large fires is relatively high.
Since the proportion of the rural population was lower than that of the urban population for the first time in 2008, the proportion of the rural population has been declining year by year. However, due to the large rural area, low building fire resistance levels, weak fire protection infrastructure, and the outflow of young and middle-aged people, rural fires are still prevention and control difficulty.
In terms of the distribution of urban and rural fires, 124,000 fires occurred in rural areas throughout the year, accounting for 49.3% of the total number, 6.1 percentage points higher than that in urban areas, causing a loss of 1.92 billion yuan, accounting for 48.1% of the total loss, which was higher than that in urban areas. With an increase of 12.2 percentage points, the fire base is still relatively large; especially in rural areas, 39 large fires occurred, accounting for 60% of the total, which is nearly 70% higher than that in urban areas.
From the perspective of fire deaths, people who died on the spot in rural areas accounted for 84.7% of the total number of deaths, which is 7.3 percentage points higher than that in cities.
The main reasons for this situation are the low ability of rural residents to escape, self-rescue and mutual rescue, and the relatively weak fire-fighting infrastructure and rescue force.
Residential fire prevention will face severe challenges for a long time.
There are 1.4 billion people and more than 300 million families in our country. The family is the smallest unit of society, and the residential house where the family lives is also the place most affected by the fire.
From the perspective of the distribution of fire victims, a total of 109,000 residential fires occurred throughout the year, accounting for 43.4% of the total number of fires, resulting in 917 deaths and 499 injuries, accounting for 77.5% and 64.4% of the total, especially when the There were 38 major fires, accounting for 58.5% of the total. Most of them were casualties in the fire, which became an important part of the overall fire situation.
From the perspective of residential deaths, among the 917 dead, 156 were minors under 18 and 379 were elderly over 60, accounting for 17% and 41.3% of the total respectively.
In addition, 40.9% of the dead were vulnerable groups such as disabled, paralyzed, and mentally ill.
The proportion of the elderly population in my country is still increasing year by year, and the safety precautions and self-rescue capabilities of the elderly population are obviously insufficient. The prevention and control of residential fires, especially the casualties, should be given high priority.
From the perspective of the building classification of residential fires, there were 6,987 residential fires that occurred in high-rise buildings (83.7% of the total number of high-rise building fires), a sharp increase of 13.6% over the previous year (the number of casualties and losses decreased year-on-year).
The fire load of industrial, commercial and recreational places is high and large fires occur from time to time.
The gathering of people in industrial, commercial and recreational places, the concentration of production and operation facilities, the heavy load of electricity and oil and gas, and the accumulation of finished raw materials can easily spread and expand in the event of a fire, causing casualties.
Judging from the total number of fires, there were 9264 fires in manufacturing companies, accounting for 3.7% of the total, which was a relatively large type of fires other than residential fires. In addition, there were 6,779 fires in commercial places and 6,320 fires in entertainment hotels and restaurants. There were 4161 fires at storage sites and 2682 fires at construction sites, accounting for 7.9% of the total, but the dead accounted for 15.8% of the total and losses accounted for 45.9% of the total, which often caused greater social impact.
Judging from the distribution of large fires, fires in these types of places only accounted for 11.6% of the total, but fires with an area of over 1,000 square meters accounted for 26.4% of the total; 23 larger fires, accounting for 34.8% of the total, especially It is the only major fire that occurred in entertainment venues throughout the year.
Electrical reasons continue to strongly influence the fire trend.
According to data released by the National Energy Administration, my country's social power consumption has continued to rise in recent years, and the resulting security risks have continued to increase.
In terms of the proportion of electrical fires, there were 85,000 fires caused by violation of electrical installation and use regulations throughout the year, accounting for 33.6% of the total. Because there are still 10,000 fires that have not yet been identified, the proportion is expected to increase in the future ; Among them, 36 were large fires caused by electricity, accounting for 55.4% of the total.
From the perspective of the classification of electrical fires, circuit problems such as short circuit, overload, and poor contact accounted for 68.9% of the total; equipment problems such as faults and improper use accounted for 26.2% of the total, and other electrical causes accounted for 4.9% Among them, fires caused by electric bicycles should not be ignored, especially among the 36 large fires caused by electricity, 11 have been found to be caused by electric bicycles, accounting for 30.6% of the total.
At present, the total number of new energy vehicles in my country is approaching 5 million, and the risk of fire caused by this will continue to increase.
Fire prevention and control work at important nodes and key periods needs to be strengthened.
From the perspective of the distribution of fire roses, affected by the epidemic, economic and social activities in various regions stagnated from late January to mid-March, the risk of fires was reduced, and the number of fires was significantly reduced. This is in sharp contrast to the rapid climb before the Spring Festival. With the gradual control of the epidemic, the full resumption of production, work, and the resumption of the market, the fire has rebounded significantly. The fires in the remaining months except August and September have increased year-on-year. The major fire in the Taiyuan Ice Sculpture Hall in Shanxi on the National Day was also related to this.
From the perspective of the time distribution of fires, the night is the low point of the fire throughout the day, but due to late discovery, late alarm, and late disposal, it is often easy to cause casualties, especially the fires between 0:00 and 6:00, which only accounted for 13.7% of the whole day, but the number of deaths Accounted for 43.6%, and the number of larger fires accounted for 56.9%.
The annual number of firefighting and rescue teams handling police tasks exceeds 1.2 million.
Judging from the overall situation of receiving and disposing of police, fire rescue teams across the country received a total of 1.284 million police dispatches, exceeding 1.2 million for the second consecutive year. It was one of the years with the largest number of police dispatched since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, second only to 2019; firefighting was dispatched daily throughout the year. There were 34,400 commanders and fighters and 6,200 fire-fighting vehicles. A total of 163,000 people were rescued from the disaster site, and 424,000 people in distress were evacuated. They successfully dealt with the collapse of the "3•7" hotel in Quanzhou and the "8•29" hotel in Linfen. Collapse, Yichun "3•28" tailing sand leakage, Pudong Airport "7•22" plane fire, Taizhou "6•13" tanker explosion, Chenzhou "3•30" train rollover and other sudden disasters; A total of 12 fire commanders and fighters were killed in fire fighting and rescue operations, and 15 fire fighters were injured.
Judging from the classification of police officers, a total of 395,000 social rescues were involved, nearly 350,000 disaster accidents were handled, 251,000 fires were put out, 64,000 were on official duties, and 224,000 other types were dispatched.
Among them, the rescue missions were the most in July and August, with more than 37,000 per month, especially flood disasters, typhoons, mudslides and other rescue missions. The rescue missions were the most in July, August, and September, and the largest proportion was Eliminate the hornet's nest threat.
Judging from the changes in police handling data, fire fighting operations that took more than 20 minutes to exit the police accounted for 29.2% in 2018, 30% in 2019, and 30.6% in 2020. Among them, the existing road traffic conditions The impact of the deployment of the police also reflects that the problem of insufficient deployment of firefighting forces and incomplete coverage is still gradually increasing; the time of fighting after the arrival of the police is greater than 5 minutes from 47.6% in 2018 and 47.2% in 2019. 45.9% in 2020. This data change not only reflects the improvement of the technical and tactical level of the fire rescue team, but also shows that the impact of the blockage of the fire truck passage on the fire fighting is gradually reduced, and the fire "life passage" is opened up. The effect of rectification is gradually showing.