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10-year ban on catching in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin

10-year fishing ban to protect the mother river

　　In 2007, the baiji dolphins, known as "water giant pandas", were declared functionally extinct. This unique Chinese freshwater cetacean was only produced in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; the "ecology living fossil" Yangtze finless porpoise only had 1012 in 2017; since After 2003, scientific researchers have not discovered white sturgeon.

　　In addition to these rare creatures, the fishermen found that there were fewer and fewer fish in the nets that were cast and recovered.

　　The aquatic biological resources in the Yangtze River are seriously declining, and it is urgent to protect the mother river.

　　In January 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued a notice on the scope and timing of the ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin, announcing that a tentative 10-year annual ban will be implemented from 0:00 on January 1, 2021, during which natural fishery resources are prohibited. Productive fishing.

This 10 years will become a cycle for the Yangtze River to build a cradle and breed biological reproduction.

cost

Crazy fishing the Yangtze River

Or "no fish to catch"

　　The Yangtze River is one of the rivers with the richest aquatic biodiversity in the world. The Haohao River nurtures 424 species of fish, including 183 species of unique fishes. It is one of the seven rivers with rich biodiversity in the world.

According to the results of the Yangtze River freshwater porpoise scientific investigation in 2018, the population of the only mammalian finless porpoise in the Yangtze River today is only 1,012 (the 2006 survey data was 1,800).

　　Why is this happening?

Under the rapid and extensive economic development model in the past few decades, the Yangtze River has paid a heavy environmental price.

Many people adopt illegal operations such as "electrical poison bombing" and "extreme household nets", and eventually form a vicious circle of "the less resources are caught, the worse the ecology is, and the poorer the fishermen are". The Yangtze River's biological integrity index has reached its maximum Poor "no fish" rating.

　　Studies have shown that years of high-intensity development and extensive utilization have overwhelmed the Yangtze River, the ecological function of the basin has degraded, and the rare and endemic fish have been greatly attenuated. The rare species at the top of the Yangtze River's biological chain-the Chinese sturgeon and the Yangtze finless porpoise are at risk, economic fish Such resources are on the verge of exhaustion.

　　In order to protect the fishery resources of the Yangtze River, since 2003, the Yangtze River Basin has implemented a fishing ban of 3-4 months per year.

The short fishing moratorium can be described as a drop in the bucket. After the start of fishing on July 1 every year, the reproductive results of that year are quickly exhausted, and the fish population is difficult to multiply and grow.

　　Why is it important to protect wild fishery resources?

Fish genes will continue to degenerate in the process of artificial breeding. Wild fish play the role of fish gene pool. Therefore, the reduction of wild fish will bring long-term hidden dangers, resulting in no fish to eat in the future.

The main economic fishes in the Yangtze River have a sexual maturity period of 3-4 years, and a 10-year ban on fishing will secure a 2-3 generation period for most fish, alleviating the current shortage of fish in the Yangtze River. It is also a flagship species of the Yangtze finless porpoise The protection of the Yangtze River brings hope and is an important measure of historical significance for the protection of the Yangtze River ecosystem.

Program

The Yangtze River, first-level tributaries, etc.

Simultaneously included in the 10-year ban

　　Sichuan is an important ecological barrier on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, an important water conservation area and a core area for ecological construction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 96.6% of the province’s water systems belong to the Yangtze River system, and surface water resources account for 1/3 of the Yangtze River’s runoff. The drainage area is close to the Yangtze River Economic Zone. 1/4 of the total area has an important strategic position in the ecological security of the Yangtze River Basin.

　　There are more than 230 species of fish in Sichuan, including more than 80 species of unique fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, more than 100 species of main economic fish, 10 species of national key protected aquatic wildlife, 45 species of key protected aquatic wildlife in Sichuan Province, and fishery resources in Sichuan Province Its rarity and economic value are of great importance in the country.

　　On December 15, 2020, the Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the Provincial Procuratorate, Public Security Department, Ecological Environment Department, Transportation Department, Water Conservancy Department, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, and Provincial Forestry and Grass Administration, jointly issued the "Prohibition of Key Waters in the Yangtze River Basin in Sichuan Province" Notice on the Scope and Time of Arrest, which clearly specifies the time and scope of arrest.

　　In accordance with the requirements of the "Announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture on the first comprehensive ban on the list of aquatic life reserves in the Yangtze River Basin" (Ministry of Agriculture Notice [2017] No. 6), 45 aquatic life reserves in Sichuan in the Yangtze River Basin have been released on January 1, 2020 Productive fishing will be completely prohibited from 0:00.

According to the "Announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on the Scope and Time of Prohibition of Fishing in Key Waters of the Yangtze River Basin" (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Notice [2019] No. 4), in addition to 45 aquatic biological reserves, the main stream of the Yangtze River and The main stream of the Minjiang River, Tuojiang River, Chishui River, Jialing River and Dadu River will be temporarily banned for a period of 10 years from 0:00 on January 1, 2021, during which the productive fishing of natural fishery resources is prohibited.

In accordance with the “Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Sichuan Province on Doing a Good Job in Relevant Work on Prohibition of Fishing in the Yangtze River Basin of the Province” (Chuanbanhan [2020] No. 42), the rivers and their first-level tributaries where 45 aquatic life reserves are located, Sichuan The primary tributaries of the mainstream of the Yangtze River and the primary tributaries of the Minjiang, Tuojiang, Chishui River, Jialing River, and Dadu River are included in the 10-year ban on catching.

The ban on fishing in other natural waters shall be determined by the municipal (prefecture) and county (city) fishery administrative departments in accordance with the actual situation.

Expert interpretation

10-year ban is in line with the incubation time of organisms

　　In 2016, the former Ministry of Agriculture launched a pilot project for banning and retreating arrests in the Chishui River section of the Yangtze River in Sichuan. Starting in 2017, the Chishui River Basin in Sichuan has implemented a perennial ban; in 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Under the unified deployment of the Sichuan Yangtze River Basin, the ban on catching and retreating in the key waters of the Yangtze River in Sichuan has been fully promoted. Starting from January 1, 2020, the province’s aquatic biological reserves have achieved a comprehensive ban on catching; starting on January 1, 2021, the Sichuan Yangtze River Basin will A total ban on arrests.

　　Du Jun, director of the Fisheries Research Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the reason for choosing the 10-year period is related to the reproductive biology of fish.

"Generally, the sexual maturity of small fishes is 1-3 years, such as scorpionfish, wheat ear fish, and broad-body loach. The reproduction cycle is short. After the ban, these fish resources will not only recover, but also provide other fish. They provide abundant feed resources.” He said that it usually takes 3-4 years for medium-sized fish to reach sexual maturity. For example, the endemic fishes of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are long-snout fish, round-mouth copper fish, rock carp, longfin snout, etc. Under environmental conditions, it takes 3 years or more to become sexually mature, and a 10-year ban period allows them to reproduce for 2-3 generations; for large fish, such as the national first-level protected animal Yangtze River sturgeon and the national second-level protected animal mullet, grow up The cycle is very long, and it takes more than 6 years to reach the first sexual maturity from an early age. It takes longer to ensure that their numbers are effectively picked up.

　　West China Metropolis Daily-Cover News Reporter Tian Lulu