Aesthetic education is "expanding"
Not long ago, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Aesthetic Education in the New Era", emphasizing the improvement of students' aesthetic and humanistic qualities through aesthetic education.
Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of Sports, Health and Art Education of the Ministry of Education, described the future of school aesthetic education in the media: students should be taught the basic knowledge of aesthetic education, taught them to appreciate and experience beauty, appreciate and experience artistic works; at the same time, teach them special , Specialized artistic expertise.
What is the current situation of middle school aesthetic education?
How to guide middle school students to cultivate artistic hobbies, learn to appreciate and experience beauty?
With these questions, reporters from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily visited some middle schools.
Zhang Yulin, a special-grade teacher with more than 20 years of high school teaching experience and an art teacher in Shanghai Jincai Middle School, told reporters that from the current national curriculum standards, the current period is the richest and most diverse period of primary and secondary school art courses, and the future of the country It will also pay more attention to art education, and advocate rich art content and comprehensive art learning.
How art classes become interesting
Because he learned piano and singing as a child, Shi Zhongyu, a senior high school student in Shanghai Jincai Middle School, loves music lessons very much.
This semester’s music class talked about film soundtracks, and the teacher played clips from the movie "Pirates of the Caribbean".
"The first time I played it, the music was removed, which made me think that Captain Jack's actions were a bit funny, like a clown-like character; and with the background music, he appeared to be impassioned and brave. This comparison shows that music plays an important role in the plot of the movie. , And I watched this movie for the first time when I was a child, but I didn’t feel so deeply.”
Shi Zhongyu’s classmate Wang Xiping likes the school’s art classes and art clubs very much.
She told reporters that there is one art class every week in the first and second grades of high school, and the art class every two weeks in the third year. Although there are not many class hours, the content is diverse.
She learned about musicals in the music class in the first year of high school. She also liked the art because she watched the variety show "Sound into the Heart" in class; students will rehearse and perform collective dance shows and participate in the October song meeting; high school art The class was combined with the school’s "Clothing Show" activity. The students learned about the costume culture of various countries and worked together to design, produce and display costumes. There was "The Phantom of the Opera" in the English text, and she and her classmates were in the "Textbook Play" activity. I arranged and performed this play and it was very popular.
The status quo of art classes in Jincai Middle School is an example of the improvement of art education in primary and secondary schools in my country in recent years.
Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of Sports, Health and Art Education of the Ministry of Education, introduced at a recent press conference held by the Ministry of Education that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, most provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China will be able to follow the national curriculum plan during the compulsory education period. The total amount of music and art courses is not less than 9% of the total class hours; 93.2% of the schools nationwide can offer 6-credit art compulsory courses in the high school education stage; nearly 87% of the students in the country have received art education in primary and secondary schools, 65 % Of students participated in art clubs or interest groups and learned to master artistic expertise.
Over 80% of students like art classes and art teachers.
How does the art classroom become interesting?
According to Zhang Yulin, the school found that students were interested in a new type of fusion art that was less accessible in junior high school, but more relevant to life.
The art class of Jincai Middle School integrates dance, drama, film and television, calligraphy, costume design and other content. "Considering the interests of students and providing more choices, this is a very important point for opening up the situation of art education."
Luodian Middle School affiliated to Shanghai Normal University (hereinafter referred to as "Luodian Middle School") is located in Baoshan District, Shanghai. This suburban middle school has been characterized by "excellent arts and beautiful adults" for decades. It not only has a well-known student symphony in Shanghai, In recent years, 18 "big art courses" have been opened for students to choose in addition to basic art courses.
Most of these courses are related to Luodian local folk customs, including prints, lanterns, colored clay, opera, calligraphy, seal cutting, wind music, etc.
The schools offer these courses neither for entrance exams nor for evaluation by scores. They only hope to cultivate students' aesthetic ability and comprehensive qualities.
Offering such a variety of art classes depends on the school's hardware equipment and the "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" teacher group.
According to Wang Yating, secretary of the Youth League Committee and music teacher of Luodian Middle School, the school’s calligraphy teacher Jin Aihua used to be a political teacher in the junior high school. He taught hard and soft calligraphy part-time, and recently turned to a full-time art teacher; chemistry teacher is good at seal cutting; physics teacher is woodworking Very good; while she herself teaches music classes, she also offers an elective course of electronic piano.
In addition, the school also invites outside experts to teach in the school.
“There are many types of art, and many classes can be taken into art classes. For example, using the knowledge of chemistry class to make handmade soap, which is also a work of art.” Wang Yating said that the school’s consideration is to allow students to do their best in various fields. Development, the "big art class" is combined with other subjects to embody the concept of art.
Zhang Yulin believes that "diversified learning" and "project-based learning" are worthy of reference in art teaching ideas, and advocating interdisciplinary learning and training students' ability to solve problems in connection with reality is the general direction of art curriculum reform in my country.
Art classes can start from zero foundation
After entering high school, Chen Yan from Luodian Middle School affiliated to Shanghai Normal University took the engraving course in the school's "big art class" for three consecutive semesters.
She has been interested in art since she was a child. Although she had never studied painting outside of class in the past, she immediately fell in love with the “niche” art of printmaking.
"The entire production process of printmaking is very interesting." Chen Yan said, "First draw the draft, then engrave and print the plate. Each step requires patience. If you make a mistake, you cannot proceed to the next step."
Jin Yunhua, Chen Yan’s engraving class teacher, told reporters that most of the students who took this course had "zero foundation". "Engraving is different from many types of paintings. The process is complicated and time-consuming. Students can only complete one or two in a semester. Painting can exercise patience." After some zero-based children finished the course, their works won the first prize in the Shanghai Student Painting Competition.
Now, this course has also been filmed and made into a MOOC and teaching materials have been published. Every middle school student in Shanghai can learn online.
He Junyan, who was in the third grade of this year, felt that her body was not coordinated.
After entering Minhang Foreign Language Middle School of Shanghai International Studies University, she found that the dance classes offered by the school were not only easy, but also fun.
Before the first dance class, He Junyan was a little nervous. She imagined that she would be the worst performer in the class and criticized by the teacher.
But the fact is quite the opposite: the movements taught by the teacher are not difficult, and all students are treated equally. If you do not jump well, you will receive special care and guidance from the teacher. Once you make progress, the teacher will encourage you.
He Junyan feels that learning to dance has brought a lot of positive things to herself.
The most intuitive thing is that she found that her physical coordination skills have become stronger.
Shangmin Wai's dance class belongs to the "Dance to the Future" charity dance education popularization project.
In 2011, the China Welfare Association Youth Palace Chen Baihua Leading Talents Studio and Shanghai Minhang District Education Bureau jointly launched an art education experiment in ordinary primary and secondary schools in Minhang District. At present, more than 10,000 teachers and students have participated.
He Lin, a dance teacher from Shangmin Wai, is a dance professional. She said that the teaching method of "Dancing to the Future" is very different from traditional professional teaching: it does not depend on the appearance conditions of the students and whether they have basic skills; the teaching content involves many A kind of dance category; the "rotating classroom" mode allows every child to stand in the first row. Teachers should pay attention to each child’s name, habits, and personality; use a large number of random changes in piano accompaniment and gestures, high-five, etc. Ways, try to concentrate students’ attention, etc.
Ruan Chen, the executive of the "Dancing to the Future" project, introduced that "Dancing to the Future" is for all zero-based children, no matter how tall, short, fat or thin, they can gain confidence and happiness in dance learning, exercise imagination, creativity, and teamwork. Collaboration and other qualities to improve overall literacy.
"Using the useless, the best use"
He Lin teaches a lot of high school students and feels that some children are under greater psychological pressure due to family or academic reasons, but through the dance class, you can clearly feel that his (her) personality has become cheerful, outgoing, and their faces are bright. ; While gaining a sense of accomplishment in the dance class, I am also more motivated to work hard in the main class, and the whole person is more proactive.
"Our dance teaching philosophy is to pay attention to every child, let them have a successful experience and feeling in the classroom, and hope to change their performance in other aspects through dance education." She said.
Su Yifei, who was in the third grade of this year, used to be a relatively introverted person who was not very good at expressing.
After junior high school, he started to get in touch with dance. I feel that dance has helped him find confidence, become more expressive than before, and willing to take the initiative to communicate with others.
Practicing dance with classmates, from being unfamiliar with the movements to slowly practicing the process, and then performing on stage, let him "have a sense of accomplishment, pride, and the joy of overcoming difficulties with everyone."
Ms. Zhou, the parent of high school students, likes music and usually pays attention to art education.
She said that there is a perception that every child is an artist.
Through music and art education, children can find their own talents; if they go to study as an adult, they will miss this opportunity.
Even if only art is a hobby, singing and playing musical instruments are also good ways to soothe and express emotions.
Shi Zhongyu described the changes that art has brought to him: before, when he was sad, he might only beat the bed, but now he can sing a song; when he was happy before, he would only smile and walk over the steps, but now he can sing "I The Sun.
"The highest state of life is to treat life as an art to create. Every day we spend can also be the process of writing art. There may be no norms, but it must be an art worth shaping."
This is also the direction that Wang Yating and her colleagues are working hard: the purpose of our art class is to let students learn happily, get aesthetic experience, and let them know that there is beauty everywhere in life.
In an interview, a senior high school student who liked art classes told a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily: "Art is a very mysterious feeling. It is'useless and useful', it is something that is accompanied by people. Knowledge of other subjects can be acquired individually, but art is related to all aspects of life."
But there are also situations where students and parents don't pay attention to art classes.
Wang Xiping, a senior high school student from Jincai Middle School in Shanghai, conducted a survey of a small group of high school students and found that many parents lack the concept of art education for their children, or only require their children to participate in art training instead of actively guiding them to fall in love with art; some students do Disdainful of school art classes, thinking that "there are still these messy classes in the third year of high school."
"Focusing on aesthetic education will make individuals and society less utilitarian, and a little more pursuit of beauty; aesthetic education will allow young people to gain artistic edification and spiritual sublimation, allowing people to enjoy life." Teacher Zhang Yulin said.
As Wang Dengfeng said at the recent press conference: Music, art or comprehensive art courses in primary and secondary schools should truly enable students to experience beauty, understand beauty, display beauty, and master basic knowledge, artistic expertise, and specialized artistic expertise. At the same time, we will be able to create beauty in the future. "This is the goal that our teaching reform should achieve. A clear definition of this point is the great progress of our aesthetic education reform."
China Youth Daily · China Youth Daily reporter Wei Qimeng Source: China Youth Daily