How to scientifically prevent diseases in winter camping
Jiang Chenhui
I am Xiao Yang, a certain soldier, and have been on the plateau for a while.
The troops are camping out recently. I always feel windy on my shoulders when I sleep at night. After getting up, I often experience dizziness, headache, nasal congestion and runny nose, and body chills. It will be better after the activity. What happened to me?
How do the soldiers on the plateau camp scientifically in winter?
Tan Yanhong, Dean of the 950th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army: When officers and soldiers camp on the plateau, if they neglect health and disease prevention work, they can easily induce diseases. If they are not treated in time, they may also cause altitude sickness.
From the perspective of Xiao Yang’s symptoms, he should have a mild cold. According to the description, it was mainly caused by cold. Standardized treatment, cold protection and warm measures and appropriate rest can quickly heal, so there is no need to worry too much.
The plateau area has low winter temperatures, high wind speeds, heavy snowstorms, and large temperature differences between day and night.
Camping heating should take into account the balance of ventilation and airtightness, heating and oxygen supply.
The principles of health and disease prevention in highland winter camping are scientific site selection, reasonable layout, strict protection, and strengthened inspections.
Scientific site selection.
Winter camping needs to meet the hygiene requirements, and epidemiological reconnaissance should be carried out before camping, and first-hand information should be grasped through data inquiry, field inspection, visits and understanding.
From the perspective of hygiene, camping is better than camping in principle; from the perspective of thermal insulation effect, permanent buildings are better than temporary insulation board houses, insulation board houses are better than semi-underground deployment tents, and semi-underground deployment tents are better than ground deployment tents. Class cotton tents are better than individual tents, and individual tents are better than simple shacks or camping.
The camping site should be far away from easily collapsed mountains or snowy peaks, away from animal disease epidemic sources, such as caves, avoid mountain waterlines, close to water sources, ice sources and roads, leeward, sunny, and with a certain spread of land, and the geology is relatively easy to open Dig field fortifications.
When camping is necessary during the patrol maneuver, the small team can make full use of the natural terrain such as the concave surface of the mountain, the protruding rock leeward, and the cave to avoid the wind outlet, or use the snow layer to excavate, pile up the snow cave, igloo, etc.
Reasonable layout.
Camping areas should generally have places for accommodation, food processing, garbage storage, toilets, and drying yards.
Toilets and garbage dumps should be set up in the leeward direction of the accommodation area, with a straight line distance of no less than 50 meters, away from water sources and cooking processing areas; excavate along the axis of the camp layout or pile up wind-proof sand soil walls, and the height should not be lower than the tent or board house Clear height; the opening direction of the main tent or board house should be avoided as far as possible from the main wind direction; there should be traffic trenches in the camp tunnel. If conditions permit, the traffic trench can be connected with the board house or tent by using light-transmitting plastic panels or greenhouse films to form a closed "Sunshine room" or "transition room"; the camp door is hung with cotton curtains to improve the thermal insulation effect.
In areas with particularly heavy snow, the exit can be designed to be lost, or double curtains can be installed to reduce the wind speed and reduce heat loss.
When the squad patrols and camps, the individual tents should open the door facing away from the wind outlet, make full use of the terrain and features, connect each other and block the wind.
Strict protection.
Before the camp is built, disinfect the dormitory with quicklime, etc., and compact the soil. You can add ground cloth or graphene anti-radiation mats.
Places such as garbage dumps, swill pools, ditches, etc. are cleaned daily to prevent attracting wild animals to forage and cause disease transmission; field camps and surrounding areas are regularly eliminated; main and non-staple food warehouses and canteens are kept clean and tidy. No snacks are stored in the dormitory. Rodents, anti-rodent equipment and facilities should be filled in the surrounding rat holes in time to prevent the spread of animal epidemic diseases.
Improve the insulation effect of the camp.
The gaps in the tent or board room can be sealed with thermal insulation cotton strips and tape, the thermal insulation cotton liner is hung in the tent, and the plastic film is spread outside the tent.
When the outside temperature is below minus 20 degrees Celsius, the number of heating stoves can also be increased, or new energy heating facilities such as solar heating panels can be supplemented.
Install fireproof and anti-radiation mats on the ground, or install feet for board houses to increase the temperature of the camp.
It is best to use a camping bed when camping; if you use a bed plank, it should be raised by 20-30 cm.
Take off your coat as much as possible during the night, wear a cap, tighten the sleeping bag cap and shoulder guard to prevent air leakage from the bed.
Before going to bed, you can inhale low-flow oxygen for 30 minutes to improve sleep quality.
When camping is required for patrol maneuvers, the squad should use moisture-proof mats, sleeping bags in cold areas, and individual tents. The individual tents can be covered with cotton, and they can also warm each other by holding their heads and feet together.
If you need to use coal-fired heating stoves, it is best to use high-quality anthracite or coke for coal to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
If you use a heater for heating, you must frequently repair and maintain equipment, clean up carbon deposits, ensure that diesel fuel is fully burned, and prevent exhaust gas from causing poisoning.
Strengthen inspections.
Squad commanders and sentries must conscientiously implement systems such as investigations and sentries and midnight inspections.
After midnight, it is best to regularly inspect the camping situation and listen carefully to the soldiers' sleep breathing. When symptoms such as apnea, abnormal snoring, etc. occur, report to the health personnel promptly for on-site treatment.
Basic-level health personnel must implement a daily health inspection system, monitor blood oxygen, body temperature, and pulse rate for commanders, do a good job of registration, consultation and disposal, and check for altitude sickness and altitude sickness as soon as possible.
If officers and soldiers develop common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases that are easy to spread, such as influenza, they must be isolated and treated actively, and environmental sanitation should be rectified.
Such as fumigation and disinfection with white vinegar, wipe and disinfect the door handles, tabletops and other parts that are prone to cross-infection, and properly ventilate every day to keep the air fresh.
Sun Xingwei