Recently, the pilot work of "Aesthetic Education Entrance Examination" has been implemented in many provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in my country, which has caused heated discussions.

Teachers, students and parents are paying attention to——

How to teach aesthetic education and how to test it

　　【Q&A Think Tank】

　　Editor's note

　　"Building a country strong in culture, education, talent, sports, and healthy China. The quality of the people and the level of social civilization have reached new heights, and the country's cultural soft power has been significantly enhanced." The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that socialism should be basically realized by 2035 The long-term goal of modernization is as stated above.

　　Aesthetic education is an important means to improve the quality of the people.

In October this year, the Central Office and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Aesthetic Education Work in the New Era" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), emphasizing the use of The whole process of training talents in various schools at all levels, runs through all stages of school education, and cultivates socialist builders and successors with comprehensive development of moral, intellectual, physical, and artistic.

At present, many places in our country have implemented reforms in the entrance examination for aesthetic education, and the scope of trials for entrance examination for aesthetic education has gradually expanded.

In the future, how should aesthetic education be taught and how should it be tested?

Can rural aesthetic education take a distinctive path?

What misunderstandings should be avoided between the good policy and the reality?

Guangzhili Library brings together the voices of all parties and discusses with you in order to resolve doubts and embrace aesthetic education.

　　Guests of this issue

　　Zhao Lingli, Dean and Professor of the Institute of Aesthetic Education, Southwest University

　　Xiao Xiangrong, Professor, School of Art and Media, Beijing Normal University

　　Xu Hongshuai, Director of the Art and National Defense Education Research Office, Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences

　　How to test aesthetic education?

　　"Let students express beauty in the way they are good at"

　　Guangmingzhiku: Recently, the relevant department of the Ministry of Education stated that 8 provinces across the country have started the work of art entrance examination points, and the scope of the future aesthetic education entrance examination will gradually expand.

As far as you know, how effective is the pilot?

According to online surveys, some people worry that the entrance of the Aesthetic Education Entrance Examination will increase the study burden and bring adverse effects. What do you think?

　　Xu Hongshuai: From a pilot point of view, although there is room for improvement and perfection in test content, evaluation strategies, technical support, and scoring options, the overall feedback and implementation effects are good.

The "Opinions" show that whether students' aesthetic and humanistic qualities meet the graduation standards and national expectations is the basic requirement for evaluating the effectiveness of aesthetic education.

If we can clarify the development idea of ​​the integration of "art basic literacy + art aesthetic experience + art special expertise", continuous care and practical support for students' art learning, school aesthetic education improvement, and cooperation between multiple subjects will naturally achieve the effect of maturity and smoothness. .

　　Zhao Lingli: Why do aesthetic education have to take an exam?

The aesthetic education examination for everyone is to test whether students' aesthetic ability and humanistic quality have developed.

This obviously refers not only to artistic quality, but also to aesthetic and humanistic qualities in nature, society, life, culture, science and technology.

Students' pursuit, understanding and experience level of beauty will be restricted by their own conditions, and the school's aesthetic education will also be restricted by the quality of the school, the level of teachers, historical accumulation, and local resources.

Therefore, only restricting the aesthetic education examination to a fixed subject can easily turn it into a distress of "talking about beauty".

The Aesthetic Education Examination should be an examination to promote "the beauty of each, and the beauty of each other".

　　What to test?

I don’t think there should be any limitations on the test subjects.

In addition to the nationally regulated art subjects such as music, fine arts, and calligraphy (compulsory), many schools have set up school-based aesthetic education courses (optional) such as dance, drama, cross talk, local art, natural beauty, social beauty, and scientific beauty.

Allow students to choose two aesthetic education subjects from a wide range of compulsory and elective courses for examination.

　　How to test?

The examination method cannot be single.

Students can choose a written test, and on the basis of mastering certain aesthetic knowledge, use written language to express their aesthetic understanding, aesthetic experience and aesthetic evaluation; they can also choose artistic performances; they can also participate in natural aesthetic, social aesthetic, and scientific aesthetic activities to show themselves Aesthetic ability.

Let students express beauty in the way they are good at, which is in line with the principle of "beauty in each one", and can also fully mobilize students' enthusiasm for taking the aesthetic education examination.

　　Who will take the test?

It is recommended that the teacher or the teacher group of the aesthetic education curriculum of the same grade be the tester and examiner.

It is also possible to form an observation and grading group by class teachers, subject teachers, parents, etc. during the school's Aesthetic Education Day or Art Festival activities to conduct grade evaluation for students.

Curriculum examination and activity level evaluation together constitute the academic examination results of aesthetic education.

　　Xiao Xiangrong: Aesthetic education is aesthetic education, emotional education, spiritual education, and it is an education that cultivates rich imagination and innovative thinking.

We should pay attention to what all students gain from aesthetic education?

Does it stimulate the "sense of gain" and "happiness" of parents and children?

If not, it violates the original intention of aesthetic education.

Exams are not the purpose, what is important is the examination process and the "initial intention" behind it.

When setting evaluation criteria, there should be more evaluation indicators related to creativity and imagination.

After all, the "Aesthetic Education Entrance Examination" is an artistic enlightenment for Chinese young people and help them grow into a new era Chinese with aesthetics, quality and confidence.

　　The countryside is full of natural beauty

　　Rural schools should implement aesthetic education according to local conditions

　　Guangmingzhiku: Internet surveys show that netizens generally believe that there is a certain gap between rural aesthetic education and urban aesthetic education.

Will rural candidates be affected as a result of being admitted to the senior high school entrance examination?

How should rural aesthetic education be carried out, and must it be "the same face" as urban aesthetic education?

　　Xiao Xiangrong: First of all, it must be clear that there is no absolute difference in the aesthetic level of urban and rural students.

In today's Internet of Everything, the aesthetic gap is mostly artificial and psychological.

According to the "Survey and Research on the Aesthetics of Chinese Netizens" from the Dance Department of Beijing Normal University, people with weak aesthetics abound in cities, and there are also many people with strong aesthetics in the countryside.

Therefore, on the starting line of the new aesthetic education, teachers should adapt to local conditions to open up the world of truth, goodness and beauty for students, so that young people can be nourished by traditional culture, contemporary culture and world culture, instead of sticking to the standards of professional art education and blindly pursuing Refined and skilled.

　　Zhao Lingli: At present, many rural schools have made full use of local resources to offer courses such as clay sculpture, root carving, stone art, and straw weaving, which are very creative and aesthetic.

If you can clarify the goals of the aesthetic education examination, relax the subjects of the aesthetic education examination, and agree with a variety of examination methods, that is to support and recognize the implementation of aesthetic education in rural schools according to local conditions and effectively alleviate the contradiction of the shortage of rural art teachers.

　　Xu Hongshuai: There is indeed a certain gap between rural and urban areas in the allocation of high-quality resources for aesthetic education.

In fact, the improvement of aesthetic education in rural schools in recent years has made historic progress.

We must see that the efforts to comprehensively strengthen and improve the aesthetic education of schools in the new era are constantly increasing. The "Opinions" also clarify the timetable and mandate. We should believe in the reform resolve of the party committees and governments at all levels and the school education front.

Of course, we must mobilize social forces to actively participate, based on the guidance, focusing on key points, making up for shortcomings according to local conditions, concentrating strengths and weaknesses, strengthening strengths and solid foundations, and promoting the development of quality education to the greatest extent, and implementing the goals of aesthetic education.

　　Transform exam pressure into motivation to show personality beauty

　　Guangmingzhiku: To achieve the goal of opening full foot aesthetic education courses in 2022, how should schools teach, how students should learn, and how should the curriculum system be standardized?

　　Zhao Lingli: As long as we insist on "improving students' aesthetic and humanistic literacy" as the goal, we offer regulated courses of aesthetic education and rich aesthetic education courses (optional), and flexibly set examination methods, and exam pressure can be transformed into motivation to show individual beauty and stimulate Show the enthusiasm and creativity of students, teachers, and parents.

　　Aesthetic education in colleges and universities should be richer, more advanced and in-depth, and closely related to professional education and professional courses.

For example, courses such as scientific aesthetic education, bridge aesthetics, medical aesthetics, sightseeing agriculture, and computer interface art are offered.

Students must choose at least 2 credits to graduate, and encourage multiple selections to get more credits.

　　Xu Hongshuai: To achieve the goal of opening full-length aesthetic education courses in 2022, the government should give full play to the participation of scientific research, think tanks and society, boldly reform, and stimulate vitality; schools should continue to expand on the basis of following the characteristics of aesthetic education and students’ learning rules Aesthetic education courses, gradually increase the class hours, and establish a normalized art performance mechanism for all staff; students should actively participate in art learning, find their interests, and actively participate in the aesthetic education practice activities of schools, families, and society; all sectors of society should uphold benevolence and do Promote the quality and efficiency of aesthetic education and create conditions.

　　Xiao Xiangrong: The first is to raise awareness, cultivate high-quality talents to meet the needs of the country, society and culture, and consolidate the "tower base" of national humanities; the second is to go deep into tradition and awaken people's aesthetic genes through excellent traditional culture; the third is to broaden their horizons and use The Internet and other means effectively absorb the essence of world culture, conform to the trend of the times, based on the local, dialogue with the world, and spread the beauty of Chinese culture.

　　project team:

　　Our reporters Li Xiao, Zhang Guosheng, Jin Haotian, Yan Shenghe, Wang Simin

　　Correspondents Zhang Yun, Lin Xiaochu, Xia Xia