The health condition is not optimistic, and the medical examination is afraid of spending money——
"Small illnesses are quite serious, but serious illnesses are delayed" How to solve the problem of migrant workers' health protection?
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"Small illnesses are quite serious, but serious illnesses are delayed." The poor health awareness is a problem for many migrant workers.
Experts suggest that in addition to strengthening the awareness of migrant workers' self-safety protection and legal rights protection, the government or other organizations should intervene to establish a bottom-line protection mechanism for the corresponding groups on issues such as occupational injury protection.
"I don't need a physical examination, I'm fine." Not long ago, Li Shuang (a pseudonym), a young man in Changchun, wanted to buy a personal check-up package for his old father who had been working in the city for more than ten years.
My father works odd jobs on a construction site. He has changed many jobs over the years, but he has never had a medical examination.
According to the physical examination data of 217 migrant workers by a construction company last year, there were about 60 hypertensive patients, accounting for about 27% of the total number of people examined, and some had blood pressure even reaching 220/140mmHg; about 20 people with hyperglycemia, accounting for about For 10% of the population, some had fasting blood glucose over 15mmol/L; 12 had abnormal ECG; 1 had abnormal abdominal ultrasound.
"Small illnesses are quite serious, but serious illnesses are delayed." The poor health awareness is a problem for many migrant workers.
In 2019, the total number of migrant workers in my country reached 290 million. This group is highly mobile, with low incomes and poor health.
How to find a way that can better protect the health rights and interests of migrant workers has strong operability and can be replicated and promoted.
Health becomes an untimely "bomb"
As the capital city of Changchun, there are about a million migrant workers entering the city to work in the city each year. Among them, there are about 300,000 construction sites from March to October, and 500,000 at the peak.
"From the data of free medical examinations for migrant workers in hospitals in the past two years, the health status of migrant workers is not optimistic." Tan Zhengrong, general manager of Changchun Jinhui Construction Company, also a migrant worker, said to reporters.
What Tan Zhengrong learned is that in reality, many migrant workers cannot receive effective treatment even if they find chronic diseases.
There are many reasons for this: some people think that "minor illnesses" don't need to be treated, some are busy with work, large hospitals are short of medical resources, and some are afraid of spending money.
"Some migrant workers think that the'minor illness' may lead to serious consequences." Tan Zhengrong gave an example. In a company, three migrant workers died due to high blood pressure accidents in 3 years.
In addition, in recent years, mass occupational hazards have also occurred from time to time.
In some places, the problems of migrant workers’ families causing poverty and returning to poverty due to illness are very prominent. The health problems of migrant workers have become public health and serious social problems that affect social stability and harmony.
Attempt of "Mobile Medical Service Station on Construction Site"
Jinhui Construction Company is a "Gold Medal Enterprise" caring for migrant workers in Changchun.
Recently, following the opening of a "mobile clinic" on the construction site, the company opened Poly Spring West Medical Internal Medicine Clinic specifically for migrant workers.
“At the beginning of last year, the company established a'mobile medical office', and went to various project sites for free consultations at regular and fixed points.” said Li Wenzhuo, the head of the Party Engineering Department of Jinhui Construction Company. Up to now, the "mobile medical office" has held more than 60 free consultations to serve farmers. There are about 2,000 workers.
Yang Chunliang, a steel bar worker from Dehui City, Changchun, is one of the beneficiaries of the mobile clinic.
"The doctor went directly to the construction site. We could check the body without going out and without spending money. After finding the problem, the doctor not only guided the medication, but also established a health record for me." Yang Chunliang said.
On November 3, the upgraded version of the "mobile medical office"-Poly Spring West Medical Internal Medicine Clinic officially opened.
In addition to providing physical examination and diagnosis and treatment services for migrant workers in the unit, the clinic will also provide semi-public welfare services to migrant workers in more industries such as sanitation, housekeeping and surrounding people at preferential prices.
In addition, under the background of the normalization of the epidemic situation, the clinic will also take on the task of guiding enterprises to improve the professional level of epidemic prevention work, and establish health records for migrant workers participating in voluntary consultations, and provide medical guidance, medical guidance and supervision of medication for migrant workers suffering from diseases. And other tracking services.
As a representative of the Changchun Municipal People’s Congress, Tan Zhengrong once proposed at the two sessions of the city that “policy support and support for construction companies to help build'mobile medical stations on construction sites'” and “free consultations (common diseases) for migrant workers in cities and establishment of institutionalized guarantees System” two proposals.
In the previous proposal, he proposed to allow enterprises with national special-grade, first-class, and second-class construction qualifications to establish “mobile medical stations on construction sites” to prevent and treat migrant workers on the construction sites daily, and establish a partnership with major hospitals in the area. Green channel to solve the problem of referral services for migrant workers in emergency and critical illness.
He also suggested that migrant workers’ health protection should be included in the “data files” shared by migrant workers entering the city, especially the establishment of post employment warning files, immediately isolation and treatment of infectious diseases, rapid heartbeat and hypertension and other diseases should also be brought to the hospital as soon as possible Review and treat illness.
“Nowadays, it is even more important to build enterprise-owned medical stations. Good health care for employees and migrant workers is of great significance to the prevention and control of the epidemic. It is also conducive to starting from the local area and further reducing the risks that enterprises may bring due to the epidemic.” Tan Zhengrong Say.
Breaking the problem on the system can "cure" more effectively
In practice, various localities and departments have made many useful attempts to protect the health rights of migrant workers.
However, due to funding and personnel constraints, the scope of benefit for migrant workers receiving "free medical examinations" is still narrow.
Tang Hongmiao, a researcher at the Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Law at Renmin University of China and associate professor of Liaoning University Law School, told reporters that medical insurance, as the “last line of defense” for migrant workers to maintain their own health, is not enough to maintain their needs for treatment.
She suggested that in addition to strengthening the awareness of migrant workers' self-safety protection and legal rights protection, the government or other organizations should intervene to establish a bottom-line protection mechanism for the corresponding groups on issues such as occupational injury protection.
"With the continuous rise of new forms of employment, the State Council has successively issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Standardized and Healthy Development of Platform Economy" and "Opinions on Supporting Multi-channel Flexible Employment", clearly proposing that "categorized tailor-made appropriate regulatory models, avoid "Use the old methods to manage new business formats', whether at the labor employment level or the social security level, will bring new opportunities for migrant workers' health rights protection." Tang Hongmiao said, exploring the special working hours, industry occupational protection and salary that adapt to the development of the new business model. Policies related to labor standards, such as standards, are the general trend.
Tang Hongmiao introduced that the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in the "Three Rural" Areas to Ensure a Comprehensive Well-off Society as Scheduled" has proposed the establishment of a "pilot for occupational injury protection for employees in new business forms" to resolve the original labor relationship. The lack of a guarantee system for employees in new forms of employment caused by unclear definitions.
Occupational injury insurance led by the government will not be linked to labor relations, but will refer to the principle of fixed income for work injury insurance, implement independent accounting, and redesign the top-level.
Tang Hongmiao believes that this means that the de-laboration of occupational injury insurance makes it possible for migrant workers to be included in the scope of work injury protection.
In the future, based on the characteristics of the industry, work style, and occupational risk characteristics of migrant workers, such as work injury insurance premium payment base and treatment level should be reasonably determined, so that migrant workers who are injured due to occupational diseases or occupations can receive due protection.
Reporter: Liu Shanshan