China News Service, October 7th. According to the official Weibo news of the Ministry of Emergency Management, the Ministry of Emergency Management and relevant departments and units recently conducted a consultation and analysis of the national natural disasters in the first three quarters of 2020.
In the first three quarters, my country's climate year was generally deviated. Various natural disasters caused 130 million people to be affected, and 578 people were killed or missing.
Data map: August 17, Pengshan, Sichuan, aerial photographs of houses and farmland in Jinjiang Town submerged by floods.
Affected by the continuous heavy rainfall, Sichuan Chengdu, Meishan, Leshan and other places suffered floods, and roads, villages and farmland were flooded.
Photo by China News Agency reporter Liu Zhongjun
In the first three quarters, my country’s climate history was generally deviated, floods were more serious, and geological disasters, typhoons, wind and hail, drought, earthquakes, low temperature freezing, snow disasters and forest and grassland fires all occurred to varying degrees.
It has been approved that various natural disasters have caused 130 million people to be affected, 578 people died and disappeared, and 5.336 million people were relocated in emergency; 83,000 houses collapsed and 1.476 million houses were damaged to varying degrees; crops affected an area of 18,997 thousand hectares, of which no harvest was 2,555.4 1,000 hectares; direct economic loss of 313.55 billion yuan.
Compared with the same period last year, the number of people affected by the disaster increased by 12.8%, the number of missing persons due to the disaster fell by 33.5%, the number of collapsed houses fell by 33%, and the direct economic loss rose by 2.4%.
Compared with the average of the same period in the past five years, the number of people affected by the disaster has dropped by 11.8%, the number of dead and missing persons due to the disaster has dropped by 40.1%, the number of collapsed houses has dropped by 61.2%, and the direct economic loss has increased by 0.1%.
The main features are:
1. The national precipitation is higher than normal in the same period of the year, the heaviest flood situation has occurred since 1998
In the first three quarters, there were 45 heavy precipitation processes across the country, with an area precipitation of 622 mm, which was 13% more than the same period in normal years, and was the second most since 1961, causing severe floods.
The rainfall regime mainly presents the following characteristics: First, the total amount of rainfall is relatively large, the time and space are concentrated, and the extremes are strong.
Southern China entered the flood season 12 days earlier than the same period in normal years. The rainy season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River started early and ended late. The rainy season lasted for 62 days, with the largest amount of rain since 1961.
From June to July, there were 10 heavy rainfall processes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in succession, with a high degree of overlap.
In mid-August, extreme heavy rainfall occurred in the western part of the Sichuan Basin, with local rainfall exceeding 1,000 mm in Mianyang and Deyang.
Second, floods occur frequently in major rivers and the magnitude is large.
Major rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River have experienced 21 numbered floods.
A basin flood occurred in the Yangtze River, a basin flood with the third highest water level occurred in Taihu Lake, a large basin flood occurred in the Huaihe River and the Songhua River, and a catastrophic flood occurred in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges Reservoir experienced a maximum inflow of 75,000 cubic meters since the construction of the reservoir. Meters per second.
The third is the large number of super-alarm rivers and their duration.
836 rivers in 26 provinces in the seven major river basins across the country experienced over-warning floods, 80% more than usual, the most since 1998, of which 269 were over-guaranteed and 77 were over-historical.
The main stream of the Yangtze River and the two lakes were over-police for 26-67 days, Taihu Lake was over-police for 48 days, Chaohu, Anhui was over-police for 78 days, and over-police was over-police for 16 days, and the Songhua River was over-police for 8-22 days.
2. Flood disasters have a wide range of disasters, and collapsed houses and casualties have dropped significantly compared with the same period in recent years
In the first three quarters, the country was affected by floods and waterlogging disasters in a wide range, with the hardest hit areas concentrated.
The main disaster indicators showed the characteristics of "three rises and two drops": First, the number of people affected by disasters increased.
A total of 29 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), 290 prefecture-level cities, 1904 counties and districts were affected by floods, and 73.737 million people were affected, an increase of 19.1% from the average of the same period in the past five years.
The second is the increase in the number of transfers.
4.743 million people were urgently transferred and resettled nationwide, an increase of 46.6% from the average of the same period in the past five years, the highest in the same period in recent years.
The third is the increase in direct economic losses.
The flood disaster has a wide range of impact, a long duration, and a deep disaster. Agriculture and fisheries, residential housing, urban and rural industrial and commercial households, and infrastructure have been severely damaged. The direct economic loss is 219.86 billion yuan, an increase of 27.6% from the average of the same period in the past five years.
The fourth is the decline in the number of dead or missing.
Localities strengthened monitoring and early warning, promptly and decisively transferred the threatened people, made every effort to do rescue and rescue efforts to minimize casualties. The number of people killed and missing due to floods across the country was 278, a decrease of 51.5% from the average of the same period in the past five years.
Fifth, the number of collapsed houses has fallen.
As the quality of rural houses has improved significantly in recent years and the ability to resist disasters has improved, the flood control engineering system has played a role, minimizing the number of damaged houses due to disasters.
The flood disaster caused 72,000 houses to collapse, a 57.4% drop from the average value of the same period in the past five years.
In addition, affected by continuous heavy rainfall, geological disasters occur frequently in the southwest, central south and northwest regions.
In the first three quarters, a total of 6,297 geological disasters occurred nationwide, mainly small and medium-sized, accounting for 98%. There was no single geological disaster that caused more than 10 people to die or disappear.
The number of occurrences of geological disasters, the number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters, and the direct economic losses are the highest in Southwest China, accounting for more than 50% of the country's total.
3. Drought disasters have obvious periodic and regional characteristics
In the first three quarters, the drought was significantly lighter than usual, with the following characteristics: First, the stage characteristics were obvious.
Since the beginning of the year, the country’s drought has mainly experienced winter and spring droughts in Southwest China, spring droughts in North China, and summer droughts in Northeast China. The drought in Yunnan Province lasted for half a year.
The second is obvious regional characteristics.
Except for Yunnan, the drought situation in northern China was relatively severe this year. The five provinces (regions) of Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Xinjiang accounted for 62% and 66% of the country's total drought losses, respectively.
The third is the alternating occurrence of droughts and floods.
The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall in some areas is obviously uneven, and staged droughts and floods occur simultaneously in many places. Sichuan, Chongqing, Liaoning, Jilin and other provinces (cities) have severe droughts in the early stage. After the flood season, they are affected by continuous heavy rainfall, causing droughts and floods to occur. turn.
Fourth, the local drought is severe.
Yunnan Province has been affected by the lack of precipitation for consecutive years, insufficient water storage in water conservancy projects, and the continued lack of precipitation this spring. The drought continued to develop. At the peak, 1.59 million people in the province needed assistance due to drought, and 786 thousand hectares of crops were affected.
From late June to the end of July, the rainfall in the northeast was 40% less. At the peak of the drought, the area affected by crops in Liaoning and Jilin reached 13.36 million hectares.
Since the beginning of August, the national cumulative area average precipitation has been higher than that in the same period of normal years, and the inflow of main rivers has generally been higher, and most of the country's drought has eased.
4. The number of typhoons landing is relatively small, and the temporal and spatial distribution is relatively concentrated
In the first three quarters, a total of 13 typhoons occurred in the Northwest Pacific and South China Sea, with an average decrease of 5.5 in the same period in many years. Among them, 4 typhoons landed in my country, and an average of 2 in the same period in many years.
No typhoon generated or made landfall in the South China Sea and the Western Pacific in July, marking the first July "empty moon" since 1949.
The typhoon was active in August, and the three typhoons, "Hagupit," "Mikra" and "Hygos", landed successively, and all landed at their peak intensity.
Among them, Typhoon No. 4 "Hagupit" landed in Zhejiang, which has the characteristics of fast movement, rapid development, large energy, and strong destructive power. Affected by it, 326,000 people in Zhejiang were urgently transferred and resettled, and the direct economic loss was 10.39 billion yuan.
From late August to early September, within half a month, three typhoons No. 8 "Bahwe", No. 9 Typhoon "Mesak" and No. 10 Typhoon "Poseidon" went northward and affected the northeast region. 3 The short interval between typhoons and the high overlap of affected areas resulted in an average precipitation of 170.1 millimeters in the northeast in half a month, three times more than the same period in normal years.
The continuous rainfall brought by the typhoon caused over-alerts on major rivers such as the Nenjiang, Songhuajiang and Heilongjiang rivers in the northeast. Gale caused large areas of crops to fall in Heilongjiang and Jilin, and agricultural losses reached tens of billions.
5. Wind and hail disasters vary greatly from north to south, and lightning incidents occur frequently
In the first three quarters, there were 57 regional short-term strong rains, thunderstorms, gales and hail and other strong convective weather processes across the country, which were significantly higher than the average for the same period in the past five years.
In the north, strong convective weather such as strong winds and hail occurs mainly in May-June, causing large losses to crops.
The range and intensity of severe convective weather in Shandong in May was the highest in the past 10 years. Heilongjiang and Jilin were continuously affected by wind and hail in the first ten days of June and the instant thunderstorm and gale wind reached 12 levels or more. Hebei was hit by rare hail in late June.
The south is dominated by strong convective weather such as continuous and concentrated short-term heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. The maximum hourly rainfall in many places such as the Sichuan Basin and the Yangtze River Basin is 80-120 mm.
Lightning strikes killed 45 people, accounting for nearly 50% of the country’s death toll from wind and hail.
According to statistics, in the first three quarters, wind and hail disasters caused 15.116 million disasters in 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 92 people were killed and missing, 450,000 houses were damaged, and 2,764 thousand hectares of crops were affected, and the direct economic loss was 28.08 billion yuan.
Compared with the average of the same period in the past five years, the number of people affected by wind and hail disasters and the number of missing persons due to disasters in the first three quarters decreased by 26% and 34%, and the number of damaged houses and direct economic losses increased by 18% and 8% respectively.
6. There are too many moderate-strength earthquakes in the western region, causing no major losses
In the first three quarters, a total of 20 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or higher occurred in my country's mainland, which was higher than the historical level in the same period, mainly in Xinjiang, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan and other regions.
Among them, the magnitude 6.4 earthquake in Jiashi, Xinjiang on January 19 caused 1 death and more than 800 houses collapsed; the magnitude 5.0 earthquake in Qiaojia, Yunnan on May 18 caused 4 deaths and more than 1,100 houses were damaged to varying degrees; July 23 The Nima 6.6 earthquake in Tibet is the highest magnitude earthquake in mainland my country this year, but its epicenter is located in a high-altitude sparsely populated area, causing only a few damage to old houses and no injuries.
In addition, earthquakes of magnitude 3 and 4 in North China were active, and there were 19 earthquakes of magnitude 3 and above. The largest earthquake was the Tangshan magnitude 5.1 earthquake on July 12. Due to the generally good building quality and strong earthquake resistance in the earthquake area, only a few were old The house has cracked or shattered tiles.
7. Northwest and North China suffered low temperature and freezing disasters at the beginning of the year
In the first three quarters, there were a total of 17 cold air processes across the country, which was 1.6 times more than normal.
Among them, two cold air processes in early and mid-to-late April caused large-scale winds and snowfalls in the northwest, north China and Shandong. The minimum temperature in Weifang, Shandong, Zhangjiakou, Hebei and Chengde, and Datong in Shanxi fell below zero, resulting in fruits and vegetables. Large areas of crops were frozen. Six provinces (regions) of Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia were affected by 879.9 thousand hectares of crops, causing a direct economic loss of 10.92 billion yuan, accounting for 86% and 82% of the country’s total losses due to freezing and snow disasters. .
Compared with the average of the same period in the past five years, the national low-temperature freezing and snow disasters were relatively mild in the first three quarters, and the affected area of crops and direct economic losses decreased by 24% and 3% respectively.
8. Forest and grassland fires are distributed in time and space, and the overall situation is stable
In the first three quarters, a total of 961 forest fires occurred nationwide (including 7 major fires), and the affected forest area was 6,542 hectares, down 45.1% and 38.8% respectively from the same period last year; 11 grassland fires occurred and the affected grassland area was 4341 hectares.
The overall situation of forest and grassland fires is stable.
The main features are as follows: First, the spatial and temporal distribution is concentrated.
The number of forest fires in March-April accounted for 50.4% of the cumulative total. Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Shaanxi had more than 50 forest fires in total, accounting for the total number of forest fires. Of 67.5%.
The second is the concentrated outbreak of lightning fire.
The proportion of forest fires caused by lightning fires has increased, accounting for 17.2% of the total.
Third, the use of fire for farming and ceremonies is still the primary hidden danger.
Among the forest fires for which the cause of fire has been identified, there were 232 agricultural fires, accounting for 31%, and ceremonial fires 114, accounting for 15%.
In addition, forestry pests such as pine wood nematode disease and desert locusts occur frequently throughout the country, and local disasters are prominent.