From this fall to winter, we must strengthen epidemic prevention. Don’t relax.
Influenza vaccine should be vaccinated with personal protection. Don’t relax (the 34th stop of the Health Through Train)
Autumn and winter are the seasons for the high incidence of respiratory diseases, and lower temperatures are conducive to the survival and spread of viruses such as the new crown and influenza.
Therefore, there is a risk of overlapping epidemics of respiratory infectious diseases such as new coronary pneumonia and influenza in this autumn and winter.
What harm will this risk bring?
How should the public guard against it?
What should I pay attention to when vaccinating?
Experts from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and other institutions interpreted the above issues.
Eliminate the interference of influenza on prevention and control
"If the new coronary pneumonia and influenza occur at the same time in China, it will pose a great challenge and pressure on the differential diagnosis of clinical patients, infection protection, patient management, and medical admissions capabilities, so we must prepare accordingly." China Feng Zijian, deputy director of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said, “At present, China’s new crown pneumonia epidemic is in a state of interruption. There is actually no local transmission. The possibility of a large-scale new crown pneumonia epidemic is not very high, but because the epidemic is global It is in the stage of large-scale and widespread transmission, so it should not be taken carelessly. It is recommended and recommended that key personnel should complete the influenza vaccination before the winter."
It is worth noting that the symptoms of influenza and new coronary pneumonia are relatively similar, with initial manifestations of fever, cough, fatigue, etc., which are difficult to distinguish through general clinical manifestations.
Once a similar situation occurs, it is difficult for the public to judge on their own.
For prevention and control personnel, for those with symptoms such as fever, cough, etc., if all suspected cases of new coronary pneumonia are tested, reported, and quarantined as soon as possible, and relevant close contacts are investigated, quarantined and other measures will be taken. Disrupt the highly efficient and sensitive monitoring response system that has been formed.
Frequent false alarms will cause fatigue and relaxation of prevention and control personnel and the public.
Therefore, in order to reduce the interference of seasonal influenza on the prevention and control of the normalized new crown pneumonia epidemic, flu prevention and control is of special and important significance, and flu vaccination has become a priority.
Vaccine prevention and control is an effective means
The flu vaccine is a long-term vaccine.
Feng Zijian said: "The country is already very mature in the production of influenza vaccines, and the safety is guaranteed. It is the most effective and economical means of preventing influenza." This has been shown by a large number of studies.
However, according to data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the vaccination rate for influenza vaccines in China is only 2%-3%.
Common infectious diseases in autumn and winter are not only influenza, but also scarlet fever and mumps. These respiratory infectious diseases have similarities in prevention and control methods.
In addition, infectious diarrhea such as Noro is also an infectious disease that needs to be prevented and controlled in autumn and winter.
Due to the dense population in schools, the chances of these infectious diseases are high, and prevention and control are necessary to maintain normal teaching order and protect the health of teachers and students.
“To prevent and control infectious diseases in autumn and winter, we must first maintain good personal hygiene habits.” said Guo Xin, chief physician of the School Health Institute of Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “During the epidemic prevention and control period, the health literacy of students, parents, teachers, etc. It has been greatly improved. In addition to wearing a good mask and doing hand hygiene when going out, we also advocate washing hands before meals, before and after defecation. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with your upper arms or tissues or towels. Or wash your hands after sneezing, and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth."
Secondly, keep the environment clean and ventilated.
In the case of good air, the family also needs to maintain ventilation, at least once a day, not less than 30 minutes each time, try to reduce activities in dense places.
If symptoms of respiratory tract infection occur, stay at home and seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Thirdly, on the way to and from school, students try their best to achieve the “two points and one line” of homeschooling to avoid unnecessary going out. It is best to walk, bicycle, and private car to and from school.
When taking public transportation or school buses, you should pay attention to personal protection and keep a reasonable distance from others. Avoid touching objects on public transportation with your hands on the way.
Finally, teachers and students should pay attention to the regular eating of three meals a day, and maintain a 3:2:1 ratio of staple food, fruits and vegetables, and poultry and eggs.
At the same time, it is necessary to increase or decrease clothing in time according to temperature changes, keep warm and strengthen exercise.
At the beginning of semester, students still need a process of adaptation, so they must arrange their schedules reasonably.
Take multiple measures to deal with the added risks
To deal with the superimposed risks of new coronary pneumonia and influenza, timely measures need to be taken. Experts suggest the following points.
Launch large-scale targeted publicity interventions.
Learn from the successful experience of the prevention and control of new coronary pneumonia, and carry out in-depth, comprehensive and detailed scientific publicity on influenza vaccine related knowledge through diversified methods and channels.
Let the public fully realize the special significance of actively carrying out influenza vaccination against the background of the global pandemic of the new crown pneumonia epidemic this year, forming a scientific attitude and awareness of influenza vaccines, and dispelling worries about vaccination.
Increase the safety review and quality assurance of influenza vaccine production, circulation and use.
Relevant departments should strictly follow the "Vaccine Management Law of the People's Republic of China" to further increase the supervision of vaccine production links and strictly implement the electronic traceability system to ensure the safety and quality of vaccines.
Prioritize vaccinations for special populations and prepare vaccine reserves.
Vaccination should be given priority to high-risk groups, especially those who work in risky places where larger groups of people gather, as well as vulnerable and susceptible groups such as the elderly, children, nursery and nursing facilities, and students in school.
Make arrangements in advance for the purchase, transportation and storage of multivalent influenza vaccines for the main influenza virus subtypes this winter.
Reduce the cost of influenza vaccination, or try to include vaccination in medical insurance reimbursement.
According to the affordability of medical insurance funds, formulate and introduce gradient reimbursement and appropriate fee reduction policies for high-risk groups, high-risk groups, key groups and general groups.
Analyze the cost of widespread vaccination and the reduction in infection rate brought about by vaccination, and the resulting cost-effectiveness of influenza testing, differential diagnosis, and hospitalization cost savings, and find the optimal compensation plan.
By including the cost of vaccination in medical insurance reimbursement, people's economic barriers to vaccination are reduced.
Improve the rapid detection capabilities of medical institutions at all levels for influenza and new coronaviruses, and try to start related testing costs included in medical insurance reimbursement.
Popularize the publicity of influenza and new coronary pneumonia related knowledge, especially the key knowledge points of the similarities and differences between the two and the key knowledge points of identification and judgment, guide the public to seek medical treatment reasonably, and avoid public anxiety and possible medical runs.
In particular, it is necessary to increase the ability of primary medical institutions to detect multiple influenza subtypes of mixed new crown infections and to efficiently and accurately diagnose and differentially diagnose, realize early identification of influenza and new crown suspected cases, and adopt differentiated prevention and control measures to eliminate The impact of the flu epidemic on the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic.
Experts remind that the elderly, especially those with chronic diseases, should try their best to reduce to crowded places during the cold season, which can also reduce the risk of infection and transmission.
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What is the difference between flu and cold?
The flu is different from the common cold, and its entire clinical process and consequences are heavier than the common cold.
The symptoms of most patients are not particularly severe after flu, and they are self-limiting. However, for some elderly people and patients with chronic diseases, it may aggravate the illness and even cause death in some cases. Therefore, we should pay more attention to flu.
From the perspective of personal protection, the first thing to do is to do hand hygiene: a six-step hand-washing method, using running water to ensure that the hands are washed for more than 20 seconds, and quick-drying hand disinfectants can also be used for disinfection.
Do the four key places: no gathering, no shifting, no sitting, no fighting, and maintain effective social and safe distance.
In addition, pay attention to wearing a mask and pay attention to the correct way when coughing.
Jue Xiao
Jue Xiao