China’s grain stocks are sufficient, of which stocks of wheat and rice are roughly equivalent to the annual consumption of the people of the whole country-the


　　“granary of the big country” is managed like this

　　143 million tons, a record high!

This year, there is another bumper harvest in summer grain.

　　Food is safe in the world.

China’s grain has not only been harvested year after year, but also has maintained sufficient stocks for a long time, especially the two major rations of wheat and rice. The stocks are roughly equivalent to the consumption of the people of the whole country in one year, which is the most abundant period in history.

　　So, what does China's grain depot look like?

How is the food stored?

A few days ago, the reporter walked into the Central Grain Reserve Beijing Shunyi Depot Co., Ltd. to find out.

　　Let good grain into the warehouse

　　——From the place of production to the reservoir area, the grain quality management must "pass the five barriers", and the entire process of purchase and storage is informationized

　　After the beginning of autumn, the purchase process of Xialiang came to an end.

In the Central Grain Reserve Beijing Shunyi Depot Co., Ltd., the acquisition has been initiated since mid-June.

　　Where does the purchased food exist?

　　Walking into the huge warehouse area, rows of white bungalow warehouses shaped like huge containers come into view. These big men are granaries for storing grain.

"What we are in front of are tall and large warehouses. Most of the inland warehouses are dominated by such warehouses. These modern warehouses have been built by the country since 1998. From the storage facilities to the warehouse capacity, there was no way to compare!" Introduction by the person in charge of the warehouse management department of China Grain Reserve Management Group Co., Ltd. Beijing Branch.

　　At present, there are mainly three types of granary silos in China: tall flat warehouses, shallow round silos and vertical silos. The first two are mainly used in inland areas, and the third is mostly in coastal areas.

There are a total of 32 tall single-storey warehouses, 8 oil tanks, and a total capacity of 300,000 tons of warehouses (tanks) in this area at the foot of the reservoir area, which undertakes the mission of ensuring food security in Beijing.

　　So, where does the food come from?

How to store it?

　　According to reports, because the Central Reserve Grain Beijing Shunyi Direct Depot Co., Ltd. is not in the main grain production area, but faces the large-market area of ​​Beijing, it generally reserves grain by contract purchase.

A purchase contract of 100,000 tons has been signed this year, and 50,000 tons are currently in storage.

　　There is a standardized and unified process from the food sellers sending the food to the successful storage of the food.

　　In response to farmers’ complaints about the long waiting time during the peak period of grain sales, China Grain Storage used “Internet+” to transform the traditional grain purchase model last year, and independently developed the “Benefit Sannong” grain sales appointment app to help farmers reduce queues, sell grain quickly, and sell more grain. Increase income.

　　Li Haijie, deputy chief of the warehousing department of Beijing Shunyi Depot Co., Ltd. of Central Grain Reserve, introduced that grain sellers can select nearby grain depots and make appointments for grain sales through the mobile app.

From entering the storage area to register and make a card, take samples, inspect the samples, check the catty, and unload the grain, receive the catty check sheet, register and return the card, the entire process is information-based. It takes about 40 minutes to complete.

　　From producing areas and storage areas to unloading, storing and sampling, grain quality management has to "pass five barriers."

"In the inspection process, the grain will be tested for quality indicators such as moisture, impurities and food safety indicators such as heavy metals, mycotoxins, etc., and only qualified grain can enter the warehouse." Li Haijie said.

　　Let good grain into the granary.

It is understood that the "Hui San Nong" APP has also fully integrated with the China Grain Storage "One Card" acquisition system to ensure timely, full, and safe allocation of funds to avoid "whitening".

According to data from China Grain Reserves, as of August 14 this year, the cumulative number of registered users of the "Bei Sannong" app for grain sales has reached 650,000, and a total of 19 million tons of grain has been booked for sales, of which 6.1 million have been booked for grain sales during the summer grain purchase in 2020 Ton.

　　Technology "Fresh"

　　——Electronic temperature measurement, mechanical ventilation, internal circulation temperature control, the coverage rate of scientific and technological grain storage has reached more than 98%, and the rate of quality compliance has stabilized at more than 95%

　　"This warehouse currently stores 6,337 tons of central reserve wheat, the place of production is Hebei, the second-class grade, the harvest year is 2018, and the storage time is September 2018...The quantity of stored grain is real and the quality is good." In front of a tall and large wheat storage warehouse , The custodian Li Changliang’s grain situation report was "clear."

　　How to keep the grain in storage?

Follow his footsteps into the granary to find answers.

　　Along the side ladder outside of the tall bungalow, you climbed up to the warehouse door and entered the warehouse, where a mellow aroma and coolness pungent by grains.

On that day, the outdoor temperature in Beijing was close to 30 degrees Celsius, but the inside of the granary looked like a "large refrigerator" with cool air.

　　What's spread out in the huge warehouse in front of you is the protagonist here-wheat.

　　At first glance, the surface of the huge storage volume seems to be only a thin layer of wheat, but it is actually 6 meters deep and the total storage volume exceeds 6000 tons.

　　Why is the granary so cool?

According to reports, the long-term low-temperature environment of grain can effectively delay the "aging" of quality and ensure that the stored grain is green and fresh.

The technology behind achieving low temperature is not simple.

"We now mainly adopt scientific grain storage technologies such as electronic temperature measurement, mechanical ventilation, and internal circulation temperature control, combined with daily grain condition inspections to ensure the safety of grain storage." Li Changliang said.

　　Electronic temperature measurement technology is like the eyes of a custodian, and the grasp of grain conditions is mainly achieved through temperature.

In the granary, there are more than 300 temperature measuring points distributed, and the keeper can judge whether the grain condition is stable through the change of grain temperature.

Faced with more than 6000 tons of grain in this warehouse, Li Changliang knows: “The current warehouse temperature is 25.5 degrees, the highest grain temperature is 25 degrees, the lowest grain temperature is 4.7 degrees Celsius, and the average grain temperature is 15 degrees Celsius. The grain conditions are stable and safe storage."

　　The internal circulation temperature control grain storage technology mainly uses the low temperature brought by the cold air in winter to ventilate and store the cold, and perform circulation in the warehouse during the high temperature period in summer to ensure that the warehouse temperature reaches a low level.

Generally, the average grain temperature of the whole warehouse is below 20 degrees Celsius throughout the year to realize quasi-low temperature grain storage.

　　In addition to temperature-controlled storage, real-time monitoring of grain conditions cannot be sloppy.

There are also many "black technologies" hidden here.

What is the condition of every grain in any warehouse?

The intelligent integrated control platform of the reservoir area can be seen clearly.

　　It turns out that each warehouse is equipped with a comprehensive monitoring system, and the high-definition camera can magnify the image in the warehouse up to 23 times.

Close and close again, as the staff demonstrated, full of corn kernels and wheat kernels appeared on the screen.

　　"Through remote real-time monitoring, you can view the actual conditions inside and outside the granary for 24 hours. At the same time, with the help of big data analysis and comparison, you can intelligently predict and warn the changing trend of the grain situation, and truly realize that the grain is'visible and manageable. 'To achieve scientific and technological grain storage and green grain storage." Staff introduced.

　　It is understood that at present, the coverage rate of grain storage in China Grain Storage has reached more than 98%, and the quality compliance rate and the suitable storage rate have stabilized at more than 95%, which can ensure that the stored grain is green, fresh and nutritious.

　　Chang Chu Chang Xin

　　—— "Purchase, store, adjust and sell" to prevent "low grains hurting farmers" and "rice expensive to hurt people"; inventory consumption ratio is much higher than the 17%-18% proposed by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization

　　It is said that it is difficult to store grain, but the difficulty lies in the fact that grain is a living body.

Many people are curious, how to deal with food after a period of storage?

　　This involves rotation.

It is understood that China Grain Storage has established a relatively stable rotation mechanism, that is, every year the grain that is close to or reaching the storage period is sold out, while the grain that meets the quality and food safety standards is purchased. Through this perennial purchase and sale rotation, it is guaranteed that the grain is always stored and stored. new.

　　According to the person in charge of the Central Grain Reserve Beijing Shunyi Depot Co., Ltd., the general rotation cycle of wheat is 4-5 years, corn is 2-3 years, and oil reserves are 1-2 years.

According to the central grain reserve rotation plan issued by the superior, the annual rotation reserve accounts for 20% to 30% of the total inventory scale.

　　Some people may wonder, can the quality of "chen" grain work?

　　In fact, China’s annual grain production is not all digested that year. A considerable part of it has to enter the storage link, and then be processed and put on the end market.

Some grain varieties, such as wheat, have an after-maturing period, and new grains just harvested are not particularly suitable for processing.

After a period of storage of well-kept wheat, the processing quality and eating quality are better.

　　At the Central Grain Reserve Beijing Shunyi Direct Depot Co., Ltd., many employees can be heard telling about such past events.

For the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the company guarantees the supply of flour raw materials needed for the event, and then processes them in designated flour mills.

　　"Ensure that the quantity and quality of central grain reserves are real, and ensure that the country can mobilize and use them when they are urgently needed." In the production area of ​​the central grain reserves Beijing Shunyi Depot Co., Ltd., the red sign is very eye-catching.

This is a responsibility and a mission for the food keeper.

　　"To be rich is expensive, but to apologize is cheap."

In recent years, China has given full play to the macro-control functions of grain reserves. On the one hand, it has initiated acquisitions at the lowest purchase price to prevent “low grain prices from hurting farmers”; on the other hand, it has continuously put grains on the market through auctions of policy grains and the release of reserve grains. , To prevent "Migui hurts the people."

"Buy, store, adjust, and sell", China Grain Storage is protecting the jobs of 1.4 billion people in this "four-character formula".

　　The Central Grain Reserve Beijing Shunyi Depot Co., Ltd. is just one of the "granary" of large and small.

From the highest-altitude Lhasa Depot, to the westernmost Kashgar Depot, the northernmost Nenjiang Depot, the Easternmost Zhoushan Depot, and the southernmost Sanya Depot. At present, China Grain Stores has more than 980 directly affiliated depots across the country. Depots and sub-depots, together with some local grain depots operated by other enterprises, build a huge grain control network system.

　　Such a huge reserve is not easy to manage.

China Grain Reserves is increasing scientific research and development, using the Internet of Things, big data and other means to ensure that the central reserve grain is well managed and of high quality.

　　In the past 10 years, China's per capita food consumption has continued to be higher than the world average, and the current inventory consumption ratio is much higher than the 17%-18% level proposed by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.

"Big country granary" witnesses and guards food security.

Li Jie