The Turks have never forgotten the treaties and agreements that caused the geography of the modern Turkish state to shrink and obligate it to give up the large areas that belonged to it.

The impact of these treaties has been evident recently in the conflict over gas in the eastern Mediterranean, where Greece and some parties are trying to lock Turkey and its rights in a very narrow coastal strip in order to grant the islands - even small ones - equal rights with the countries bordering the sea.

Therefore, it was not surprising that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan referred to those historic treaties when he stated that his country is ready to share rights according to just agreements.

But it is ready for all possibilities in all platforms and forums.

He said that everyone understands that Turkey is politically, economically and militarily capable of "tearing apart unfair documents and maps based on immorality and quibbling against it."

Al-Jazeera Net monitors the documents and maps that Erdogan promised to tear in the following report:

The O'Shea Treaty of 1912

In 1912, Italy occupied 16 Ottoman islands (south of the Aegean Sea), with the aim of cutting off the supply route for its forces during the Tripoli War (the Ottoman-Italian War).

Under the Oshi Agreement signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy in 1912, Italy was required to withdraw from the islands it occupied in the Aegean Sea, in exchange for the withdrawal of the Ottoman forces from Tripoli and Benghazi, but the Italians did not abide by the last clause.

London and Athens 1913

After the Balkan War ended, the Ottoman Empire submitted to the major powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary, France, Britain, Russia, Italy) in determining the fate of all the islands in the Aegean Sea, as the Treaty of London was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan countries in May 1913. , According to which the Ottoman Empire gave up all its sovereign rights in Crete, and the fate of the other islands was left to the decision of the Six Nations.

In November 1913, the Athens Agreement was signed between the Ottoman Empire and Greece, and the two parties pledged to abide by the provisions of the London Treaty.

Sever .. Punishment Treaty

On August 10, 1920, after months of negotiations between the victors of World War I, the Treaty of Sèvres was signed, paving the way for the formation of the modern Middle East, as the agreement imposed most punitive conditions on the defeated Ottomans at the time.

The treaty provides for the granting of the Turkish islands in the Aegean Sea to Greece, and to consider the Bosporus and the Dardanelles Straits as demilitarized areas under international administration, as well as the recognition of both Syria and Iraq as mandated areas, the independence of the Arabian Peninsula and the independence of Armenia.

The treaty included the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from all regions, which did not speak the Turkish language as a mother tongue, and the right of the Allied countries represented by France, Britain and Italy to seize the areas from which the Ottoman Empire withdrew.

The Turkish government refused at the time to accept this treaty and worked to expel the Greeks from Anatolia, and insisted on a new settlement.

Treaty of Lausanne, 1923

The agreement was signed on July 24, 1923, and included 143 articles distributed in major sections such as the borders of the Turkish Republic, its relations with other countries, the straits, the status of non-Muslim minorities, war compensation, the debts of the Ottoman Empire, and access to many internal provisions related to courts, health and the like.

According to the expert on Turkish affairs Saeed Hajj:

We have been unjustly attached to this agreement with Turkey, especially with regard to the Aegean and Mediterranean islands.

This is because it gave sovereignty over some Ottoman islands close to the Turkish mainland to Italy, which in turn ceded them to Greece after World War II.

Perhaps the small island of Messe - Castellarizzo in Greek - is the most prominent example of this, as it is about 2 km from Turkey and about 580 km from Greece, but it is a Greek island.

The first clash with Lausanne was over the issue of the sea straits supervised by Turkey, which are the Bosporus straits that connect the Black Sea with the Sea of ​​Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which in turn connects Marmara to the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean. And it was prevented from closing it or placing military defenses on its shores.

Ankara Agreement of 1926

The Ankara agreement in 1926 between Turkey, Britain and Iraq, which stipulated the subordination of Mosul to the sovereignty of Iraq, which was under the authority of the British Mandate, and perhaps this explains the Turkish insistence to participate in the battle to liberate Mosul from ISIS years ago, in the midst of a rival tone from Iraq, and a political crisis erupted between Baghdad and Ankara have reached the point of personal contact between Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the Iraqi Prime Minister, Haider al-Abadi, live.

Montreux Convention 1936

With the increase in tension that preceded the Second World War, Turkey called for the amendment of the Lausanne Agreement, and called for a conference to discuss amendments regarding the straits, and this conference resulted in the signing of the Montreux Agreement in 1936 that granted Turkey the right to administer the straits, and the agreement included of course the freedom of civil and military navigation for the Black Sea countries, in addition to a mechanism Regulating the movement of ships to other countries, according to an article by the former Turkish Naval Forces Commander Fateh Erbas.

The Treaty of Paris, 1947

During World War II, Germany used the Mech Islands controlled by its ally Italy to launch its attacks, and it also occupied the island of Crete in 1941, and with Italy's withdrawal from the war and the surrender of Germany after that, Germany handed over all the islands that it controlled in the Aegean Sea to Britain.

Under the Treaty of Paris in 1947, the islands that were under Italian occupation were transferred to the ownership of Greece, which is what Athena refers to in its claims to sovereignty over the islands in the Aegean region.

But the Turkish side rejects these allegations because it was not a party to that treaty, and did not accept the Italian occupation of those islands, until it accepted Greece’s right to the islands themselves.

In conclusion;

Turkey is currently calling for negotiations to determine the fate of many islands and small islands that have not transferred their dependency to any country under previous agreements, while Greece claims its right to all the Aegean islands, except for the islands that were returned to Turkey under the Treaty of Lausanne only.

According to experts;

Changing the current borders and sovereignty over the islands is a matter that may take place through a new agreement between Turkey and Greece, for example, or through international arbitration between the two sides, which are currently excluded, or by Turkey buying some of them, as happened previously between some countries, or as a result of a war that can change the maps and the balance of power.