- From this Wednesday, 14 people are tried by the special assize court suspected of having helped, to varying degrees, the terrorists of the January attacks.
- On January 9, 2015, Amédy Coulibaly burst into this mini-market shortly after 1 p.m. and executed four men.
- According to a recent poll, 34% of Jews feel threatened often or from time to time.
Monique loves her little habits. Every Friday at the end of the morning, this Parisian retiree leaves her apartment in the 12th arrondissement, climbs in her gray Clio towards the Porte de Vincennes. “I do my shopping and then I go buy some sweets. "It's practical, the pastry shop is next to the Hyper Cacher in which she fills her caddy every week" for an eternity. " But on Friday January 9, 2015, a water leak forced her to review her program. “I was with the plumber when it happened, I learned about the attack when I saw text messages from my relatives who were worried about me. "
That day, Amedy Coulibaly broke into the convenience store shortly after 1 p.m. The day before, this repeat offender converted to Islam in prison, had coldly shot in Montrouge (Hauts-de-Seine) a municipal policewoman, Clarissa Jean-Philippe, and seriously injured a city agent. This Friday, a few hours of Shabbat, the narrow aisles of the store are full. In less than five minutes, he kills three men and then a fourth who was trying to grab a weapon. The assault to free the 18 hostages was not given until four hours later, shortly after the one against the Kouachi brothers, the Charlie Hebdo killers . The three terrorists were killed but 14 people are tried from this Wednesday and for two and a half months by the special assize court, suspected of having provided, to varying degrees, logistical support.
"I am hypervigilant, I look everywhere around me"
Five and a half years later, only a discreet commemorative plaque affixed to the store front recalls this attack. However, this disastrous Friday remains in everyone's mind. "I came back because it had to be done, like a political gesture, but at the beginning it was very hard," says Monique, who knew one of the victims well. Liliane also made a point of returning to the Hyper Cacher while she does the rest of her shopping on the Internet. Yet, even today, she feels an "apprehension" every time she walks through the threshold of the store. “I am hypervigilant, I look everywhere around me before entering. After the attack, the 60-year-old even considered moving to Israel. It was her daughter, not wishing to make her alya, who convinced her to stay. But that year, nearly 8,000 French people, according to figures from the Jewish agency, took the plunge. A record.
In Saint-Mandé and Vincennes (Val-de-Marne), two towns located close to the Hyper Cacher, Rabbi Hay Krief who officiates there, remembers a clear increase in departures in 2015 and 2016, motivated by this feeling of insecurity. “Those who hesitated, especially the young people, made up their minds. This attack made us realize that the violence will never stop, that we can be killed just by going shopping or going to school as in Toulouse. It's appalling to always be the same target. And the murders of Sarah Halimi in 2017 and Mireille Knoll in 2018 have accentuated this tension. A survey carried out in January by Fondapol-Ifop shows that 34% of the Jews questioned often or from time to time feel threatened, a figure which rises to 45% among those declaring themselves to be religious. They are also nearly a quarter to say to have already been victims of physical violence.
"We only talked about 'Charlie Hebdo'"
According to political scientist Nonna Mayer, director emeritus of research at the CNRS, this feeling of insecurity dates back to the end of 2000 and the first intifada. That year, the acts and threats recorded by the Ministry of the Interior went from 82 to 744. “The Jews, associated with Zionism and Israel, are certainly on the front line, but jihadist terrorism is more generally attacked. to the West, to Christianity, to the French state hated for its defense of secularism and its laws on wearing the veil, to young people having a drink on the terrace, ”explains the researcher.
At the time of the Toulouse attack like that of the Hyper Cacher, several voices were raised to deplore the lack of solidarity of the national community. “We only talked about Charlie Hebdo . Would there have been so many people in the streets on January 11 if it had only been for the Hyper Cacher? “Asks Sammy Ghozlan, the president of the national office for vigilance against anti-Semitism.
"It's sad but we got used to anti-Semitism"
Hay Krief, he refuses any comparison. “We are not in a pain contest. He remembers, however, that after the attack, part of his community felt abandoned by the state, unable to protect them. "The increase and seriousness of violence targeting Jews is fueling the feeling that anti-Semitism, in its most brutal forms, is back," Nonna Mayer analyzes. After the 2015 attacks, ordinary anti-Semitism, measured each year by the Interior Ministry, experienced a sharp decline for three years before rising again in 2018: that year, anti-Jewish acts jumped by 74% and again 27% in 2019. And this, while opinion polls show that the image of Jews has improved for twenty years. "It is even the best-regarded minority," notes the researcher.
"It's sad, but we got used to the anti-Semitism, we live with it now," says Nathalie in the parking lot of the Hyper Cacher. And the mother of the family clarified: "There are neighborhoods or even entire cities where we no longer go because we run a risk, not only the Orthodox, even when we do not bear any sign of our religious affiliation. Around her, friends have withdrawn their children from public school because their Jewish-sounding name caused them problems, others moved to the beautiful neighborhoods even crammed into a small apartment. In short, a kind of inner alya.
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- Trial of the January attacks
- Paris
- Hyper Hide
- Amédy Coulibaly
- Justice