Chinanews, Shenzhen, August 26, report: Why can Shenzhen?
China News Network reporter Zheng Xiaohong Suo Youwei
Shenzhen, which has transformed from a former small fishing village to an international city of innovation, marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the Special Economic Zone on August 26.
Forty years have passed like a white horse, and Shenzhen has miraculously grown into an innovative city in this short period of time, described by the outside world as an "epic change". Many people are curious to ask: Why can Shenzhen?
Night view of Shenzhen Talent Park. Photo by Chinanews reporter Chen Wen
When a reporter from Chinanews.com interviewed the research group of the Shenzhen Municipal Party School of the Communist Party of China, the relevant person in charge of the research group said that looking back 40 years, the growth of Shenzhen is not a typical form of linear development of ordinary cities, but shows obvious characteristics of phased jumps.
On August 26, 1980, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was born. But its predecessor, Baoan County, is the world of Susukino and Yuhuo. Among the 330,000 people, farmers accounted for 92%. In 1978, the urban area was only 3 square kilometers. In 1979, the average monthly income of farmers in the county was about 21 yuan, while the average monthly income of Hong Kong workers during the same period was 1,000 Hong Kong dollars.
The research team of the Party School of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China summed up the development period of Shenzhen from 1980 to 1992 as "survival at low latitudes" and "breaking a bloody road" driven by a sense of crisis.
Photo by Chen Wen, reporter from China News Network, Shenzhen Shenye Uptown
Looking back at the more than a thousand historically significant national first records created by Shenzhen in 40 years, a considerable part of it was concentrated in this period. The auction of state-owned land use rights is a "forbidden zone", the reform of the price system to liberalize the market is a "minefield", the reform of the labor and wage system that breaks the "iron rice bowl" is a "difficult area", and the reform of state-owned enterprises that implement the shareholding system is a "blind zone." Shenzhen has "breached"... During this period, Shenzhen quickly embarked on the road of industrialization characterized by "three to one supplement", and initially formed a comprehensive special economic zone with industry as the mainstay and concurrently engaged in commerce, agriculture and tourism. . During the same period, Shenzhen's economic growth rate far exceeded that of the Asian Tigers.
From 1992 to 2012, Shenzhen was in the eyes of the research group of the Party School of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China as a period of "Zhongwei Seeking for Success".
The preferential policies of the special economic zone are the metabolic curtain, and Shenzhen, which is flying all the way, has returned from a "pathfinder" to an ordinary runner. At the same time, it has encountered the "four unsustainable" such as land space, ecological environment, energy resources, and population; the economy was once In the downturn, the stock market stopped issuing new shares, a large number of foreign capital moved out of Shenzhen, and the atmosphere of "escape from Shenzhen" was surging. Shenzhen must change its "living method", which is "creation."
At the end of 1993, Shenzhen issued a resolution to stop the registration of new "three to one supplement" enterprises. In 1999, Shenzhen cancelled the "Litchi Festival" and hosted the first China International High-tech Fair. In 2005, the Fourth Party Congress of Shenzhen proposed to implement an independent innovation strategy. In January 2006, the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government issued the "No. 1 Document", which officially identified the independent innovation strategy as the dominant strategy for urban development. In the same year, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Reform and Innovation Promotion Regulations were enacted. In June 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission approved Shenzhen as a national innovative city pilot. In September, Shenzhen released the country's first independent innovation plan. In October 2010, Shenzhen first proposed to realize the leap from "Shenzhen Speed" and "Shenzhen Efficiency" to "Shenzhen Quality", "Shenzhen Brand" and "Shenzhen Design".
During this period, Shenzhen established its image as a "City of Innovation". From the perspective of industrial structure, bid farewell to the "three to one supplement", high-tech industries, modern finance, modern logistics and cultural and creative industries have emerged. In 2012, the output value of Shenzhen's high-tech products was 1.29 trillion yuan, of which 61% had independent intellectual property rights; the total R&D investment accounted for 3.81% of GDP, exceeding the average level of OECD countries, with more than 50 invention patents per 10,000 people, ranking nationwide First, the number of PCT international patent applications accounted for 40.3% of the country's total, ranking first among large and medium-sized cities in China for 9 consecutive years; a large number of technology leaders with strong competitiveness at home and abroad have emerged, such as Huawei, ZTE, and Tencent. Relevant national departments praised Shenzhen for "taking a path of independent innovation...providing valuable experience for building an innovative country."
The research team of the Party School of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China believes that since 2012, Shenzhen has been in a period of "high latitude and strong".
Shenzhen was awarded the national "Intellectual Property Demonstration City" in 2012, the country's first "Quality Strong City Demonstration Zone" in 2013, and China's first national independent innovation demonstration zone with a city as the basic unit in 2014. In 2015, Awarded as "National Small and Micro Enterprise Entrepreneurship and Innovation Base Demonstration City", in 2016, proposed to create a "standard internationalized innovative city", led or participated in the formulation of 249 international standards, and was rated as a "Model City for the Construction of National Rule of Law Government" in 2017, 2018 Approved as "National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone" and "National Demonstration Zone for Comprehensive Reform of Public Hospitals"...
In August 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Supporting Shenzhen's Construction of a Pilot Demonstration Zone for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics". This means that the Central Government hopes that Shenzhen will change from the past "single champion" to the "all-around champion". Shenzhen will be the first to sprint as a national "strategic team" in the global city competition.
Shenzhen's reform and innovation set out again. Shenzhen, which is "driven by high latitude" with a sense of mission, has begun a series of pilot demonstrations: formulating the first batch of comprehensive authorized reform pilot lists; focusing on comprehensive national science centers, Shenzhen-Hong Kong science and technology innovation cooperation zone, Qianhai modern service industry cooperation zone, etc. Major platform construction; highlighting services for Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and implementing the "Ten Thousand Hundred and Hundred" project of benefiting Hong Kong and Hong Kong; making full use of the legislative power of the special zone, formulating a list of legislation in key areas and draft legislation, sprinting into the socialist rule of law demonstration zone with Chinese characteristics; implementation The strategy of "Advancing East, Western Association, South Union, North Extension, and China Excellence" will expand the economic and social development hinterland; focus on the multi-level technological innovation pattern, and vigorously build several major basic research institutions such as Pengcheng Laboratory...
The relevant person in charge of the research group said that observing the development path of Shenzhen can clearly outline the genetic characteristics and cultural characteristics that are highly compatible with innovation.
——Shenzhen is not "naturally gifted", "tangible resources" are extremely scarce. The scarcity of genes derives a culture of worry, so that Shenzhen always has a sense of urgency of waiting for time, "if you don't advance," and "wolves are coming".
——"Shenzhen is not your hometown, but the home of your dreams." Over the past 40 years, as China’s most complete, thorough, and largest immigration city, sudden, wave-like, all-round immigration has transplanted the source cultures of various regions and ethnicities to Shenzhen. After the collision and integration, they have bred and blossomed. Immigration culture. The generation-to-generation recombination of foreign genes has produced a wonderful "chemical reaction" and Shenzhen has become a very creative emerging city.
—— "There is everything, but nothing is the original taste", this is the best description of Shenzhen's gene tolerance. Shenzhen's "tolerance" lies in "tolerant people", "there are Shenzhen people", so that every group can have a place here; Shenzhen's "tolerance" lies in "fault tolerance", "encourage innovation and tolerance of failure"; lies in " Tolerance of differences" encourages "ingenuity".
——Shenzhen is a city nurtured by equal genes regardless of origin, education, rank, rich or poor. In a city where the rules have the final say, abide by the public order is a common consensus of people, and abiding by international rules has become a conscious action of people. Upholding the spirit of the rule of law is an outstanding advantage of innovating Shenzhen, and it is therefore known as the best business environment in China. One of the cities.
——As the "window" of reform and opening up, Shenzhen is a frontier position where China actively embraces the world, actively integrates into the world, and takes the lead in integrating with international standards. Relying on the geographical location adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and relying on the institutional framework of the market economy, Shenzhen’s open genes have formed a unique culture of competition and cooperation, actively looking for the points of convergence and common divisors of the interests of all parties, and forming a multiple competition of differential development, tolerance and symbiosis. Synergistic thinking makes Shenzhen the birthplace of open innovation and the beneficiary of growth in competition.
"Anything in the past is a prologue." The research team of the Party School of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China believes that Shenzhen is a masterpiece of the creativity of the Communist Party of China. The Shenzhen model of the special zone development mechanism is a shortcut for China to fully realize modernization. The innovation and evolution path with Shenzhen characteristics is a great way for the development of the region. Taking measures to local conditions, taking advantage of latecomers and seizing the opportunity to realize overtaking in corners has wide applicability and reproducibility. (Finish)