In five years, the beauty of the national park has emerged (the green power on Xiaokang Road)
In 2015, my country launched the pilot construction of a national park system. There are currently 10 pilot projects involving 12 provinces with a total area of more than 220,000 square kilometers. According to the central plan, a pilot national park system will be completed this year and a number of national parks will be integrated.
What is the purpose of establishing a national park? What are the results of the current pilot system? What changes have been made to the ecological environment and residents' lives in the pilot area of the national park system?
"Animals that were not there before have appeared, and animals that were rare before are now appearing in groups." Speaking of the changes in Maduo County, Qinghai, Ma Gui, deputy director of the Ecological Resources and Natural Resources Bureau of the Management Committee of the Yellow River Source Park of Sanjiangyuan National Park I always like to take people for a walk on the ground.
Recently, the reporter looked around at the source of the Yellow River. The pastures were beautiful and the lake water was endless. Bar-headed geese, red ducks and other wild birds were chasing and playing. This is my country's first national park system pilot-the Three Rivers Source National Park System Pilot Area-a beautiful moment in many changes in recent years.
At present, the national park system pilot is progressing smoothly. The National Forestry and Grass Administration is organizing a third party to evaluate and accept the completion of tasks in the 10 national park system pilot areas. It is expected to be completed by the end of October. A list of recommendations for the formal establishment of national parks will be proposed by the end of this year.
Carry out pilot projects of national park system and put ecological protection first
Ma Gui’s recommended viewing route is the 90-kilometer road from Maduo County to Niutou Monument, the source of the Yellow River. This section of the road once made him worry: the large black soil beach, it is difficult to find the trace of grass. When building roads, sand and gravel materials were taken along the road, and more than 400 fish scale pits were very eye-catching, and a deep scar was left on the nearby mountain-a large piece of the mountain was chewed off and white rock mass was exposed.
"Now more than 300 small pits have been filled, pastures have been planted, and the deep pits have become a warning and education base." Ma Gui said, now that the eyes are full of green, how can people not love it? The reporter saw that bluegrass, Chinese fescue, Elymus chinensis and other pastures can be seen everywhere on the grassland. The newly planted pastures grow green and grow gratifyingly.
After five years of piloting, in the three-river source national park system pilot area, the overall grassland degradation trend has been effectively curbed, water conservation has increased by more than 6% annually, and grassland coverage and grass production have increased by 11% and 30% respectively compared with 10 years ago Above, the wild animal population has increased significantly.
"Now the grass grows as high as a leg of lamb." Suo Suo is an ecological guardian in the park. In the village of Chaze by the Zhaling Lake in Maduo County, Suo Suo rode a motorcycle and took dry food and water to patrol. He used to live by grazing, but he didn't expect to have work at the door of his home.
Such ecological management and protection public welfare posts have been set up in the Sanjiangyuan pilot area with 17,211, and the park has achieved full coverage of "one household, one post". Suo Suo's salary is 21,600 yuan a year. "Eating ecological rice makes the pockets more bulging." He said.
In 2015, China launched a pilot national park system. Currently, 10 pilot projects are being carried out at Siberian tigers and leopards, Qilian Mountains, giant pandas, Sanjiangyuan, Hainan tropical rainforest, Wuyishan, Shennongjia, Pudacuo, Qianjiangyuan, and Nanshan, involving 12 The province has a total area of more than 220,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 2.3% of China's land area.
The relevant person in charge of the National Forestry and Grass Administration said that each pilot area puts ecological protection in the first place. While strengthening ecological protection, it actively promotes coordination with the development of surrounding communities, and promotes the implementation of ecological compensation and project support to promote the settlement of indigenous residents. Local employment has realized that income and quality of life will not decrease. Each pilot area has provided a certain number of ecological public welfare posts. In addition, local residents, experts and scholars, enterprises, and social organizations are encouraged to actively participate in the establishment, construction, operation and management of national parks, ecological protection, nature education and other fields.
Unified management, overall protection, breaking the multi-head management
Why establish a national park system? The relevant person in charge of the National Forestry and Grass Administration stated that since 1956, my country has established 11,800 nature reserves of various types, accounting for about 18% of the land area and 4.1% of the sea area under its jurisdiction. However, these nature reserves are managed by various departments such as forestry, environmental protection, housing construction, agriculture, and land resources. Due to the unsatisfactory management system and unclear property rights, there are overlapping settings, multiple management, and unclear boundaries of nature reserves in China. , Unclear rights and responsibilities, prominent contradictions between protection and development, etc.
The establishment of a national park system is to fundamentally break the multi-head management system of setting up nature reserves, scenic spots, cultural and natural heritage, geological parks, forest parks, etc. separately by departments, and establish a new mechanism and new model for unified management by one department . Since the launch of the pilot program, the 10 pilot areas have always put ecological protection first, highlighting the “landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses” system management, integrating relevant levels of nature reserves into national parks, and implementing unified management. Obvious results have been achieved. The pilot area of the Giant Panda National Park explores the integration of 82 nature reserves. The pilot area of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park connects Hunchun, Wangqing and other nature reserves into a large area, and the number of wild animals in the pilot area has achieved steady growth.
“In the past, they were independent of each other and managed one section of each other. After pilot reforms, the relevant functions of the original water conservancy, grassland, land and other departments were integrated, and now the management committee is under unified management, which can make it strong." Qu Yang Cairang said that the newly established law enforcement bureau integrates the relevant functions of the original water conservancy, environmental protection, forestry, grassland, fishery, land and other departments. "In the past two years, there has been a significant decline in illegal cases, and the sand factories and salt plants on the grasslands have basically been closed. Now, more than half of the degraded grasslands have been significantly improved.”
What is the focus of the pilot national park system? The relevant person in charge of the National Forestry and Grass Administration said that the most important thing in the national park system trial is to try the "system", and put the innovation system and perfect mechanism in the first place. Relying on relevant commissioners’ offices, the National Forestry and Grass Administration has established the Siberian Tiger, Leopard, Qilian Mountain, and Giant Panda National Park Administrations to realize the unified management of national parks across provinces and regions. At the same time, they have established coordination work leading groups with relevant provinces to jointly promote the pilot projects. jobs. Qinghai Province, Hainan Province, Fujian Province, and Zhejiang Province have established national park management bureaus directly under the provincial governments, which uniformly exercise management powers within the scope of their national parks and clarify the main responsibilities. Special management agencies have also been established in other pilot areas of the national park system.
Steady progress, mature and establish one
According to reports, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard pilot area has completed 17,367 hectares of forest tending, 2130 hectares of forest land reclaimed and returned to forests, 514 inspection sites for rectification and restoration of environmental protection inspection green shield operations, and ecological restoration area of 741 hectares. Since the construction of the pilot project, the scene of the Changbai Forest, the tiger roaring the mountain forest, and the leopard walking in the green rivers has frequently appeared, and wild animals such as black bears, roe deer, and wild deer have also increased day by day. The Wuyi Mountain pilot area completed ecological restoration of 6,500 mu, renovated 7,300 mu of illegal tea mountains, and demolished 39 illegal constructions. The giant panda pilot area implemented ecological restoration and habitat restoration projects, built a giant panda reintroduction base, and restored nearly 40,000 acres of giant panda habitat. The mining rights and hydropower development enterprises in the Trijiangyuan Pilot Area and the Pudacuo Pilot Area have all withdrawn. The number of mining rights and hydropower development enterprises in the Qilian Mountain, Giant Panda, Nanshan and other pilot areas has withdrawn more than 50%.
While protecting the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem, each pilot area of the national park system actively explores the effective way to realize that green water and green mountains are Jinshan Yinshan, and establishes a coordinated community development and ecological compensation system to achieve ecological protection and common people Get affordable. The Siberian Tiger and Leopard pilot area implemented the "scalp downhill" project pilot to promote the transformation and development of the scalper breeding industry; the Qianjiangyuan pilot area fully completed the collective forest tenure easement reform, and formulated and implemented the collective forest land compensation policy; the Wuyishan pilot area implemented compensation for landscape resources Use the system to guide the residents of the park to participate in resource protection and create more than 1,200 jobs.
It is less than five months until the end of the national park system pilot program at the end of this year.
According to the relevant person in charge of the National Forestry and Grass Administration, the National Forestry and Grass Administration will promote the construction of national parks with an overall effort. In the near future, it will release the "National Park Establishment Standards", adjust and optimize the "National Park Spatial Layout Plan", and accelerate the preparation of the overall development plan. , Accelerate the process of national park legislation, issue management measures such as "National Park Monitoring Indicators and Monitoring Technical System", guide various national parks to carry out related work, and put forward the first batch of officially established national park proposals in accordance with the principle of mature one to establish one List and reserve list.
Our reporter Chang Qin