Based on the support of information infrastructure such as the Beidou satellite navigation system, the construction of smart ports is progressing steadily. This is a 5G intelligent unmanned container transfer truck located in Wuhan Huashan Port using Beidou positioning. (Profile picture)
Beidou builds a network and shines on the world.
On July 29, the reporter learned from the China Satellite Navigation System Management Office that the last networked satellite of the Beidou-3 system has completed in-orbit testing and network access evaluation and has officially entered the network recently.
In ancient times, there was the Big Dipper to distinguish the direction, and now there is the Big Dipper satellite to locate Kyushu. This global satellite navigation system, independently constructed and operated by my country, will provide global users with all-weather, all-weather, high-precision positioning, navigation and timing services. What are the capabilities of the Beidou satellite navigation system and how to realize the power of the entire industry chain? How will the Beidou satellite global network promote the transformation of production and life and empower the development of the industry?
Five abilities
The Beidou satellite navigation system is an important space infrastructure independently constructed and operated by my country. It is also the largest complex space system with the largest scale, the widest coverage and the highest service performance requirements in my country so far.
Speaking of Beidou, the first reaction of many people is "navigation and positioning." Real-time navigation and rapid positioning are the most basic functions of a satellite navigation system. In addition, Beidou also has three characteristic functions: precise timing, position reporting and short message communication.
"The Beidou satellite itself is a time service system in our country." Lu Xiaochun, deputy director of the National Time Service Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the accuracy of the satellite-borne rubidium atomic clock on the Beidou-3 satellite is at the international leading level, reaching 5/10 billionths of a second per day. At present, this function has been widely used in communication, power, financial and other systems.
The position report function is closely related to the characteristics of Beidou's "active positioning". Active positioning is a major innovation of China's Beidou. It uses radio measurement technology and two geosynchronous orbit satellites to work together. It can not only answer the user "Where am I", but also tell related parties who follow the user's whereabouts "Where are you". Widely used in search and rescue, fishery and other fields, it is a "clairvoyance" to ensure people's livelihood safety.
The short message communication function is the "unique skill" of the Beidou system. Navigation satellites and communication satellites are two types of satellites, but Beidou navigation satellites have additional communication functions. Wang Bo, deputy secretary-general of the China Satellite Navigation and Positioning Association, said that Beidou users can not only know their location through the terminal, but also tell others about their situation through short messages. This function is essential in areas where there is no network coverage such as deserts, oceans, deep mountains, and forests, or when disasters occur and communications are blocked.
"After the Wenchuan earthquake, all ground communication facilities have been interrupted. The information is actually based on the Beidou-1 short message short message function. Although only a few hundred Chinese characters are available, it was very effective at the time." Said Wang Ping, chief designer of the Beidou-3 satellite.
In the Beidou No. 3 system, the ability of short message communication has been significantly improved. The ability to send information has increased from 120 Chinese characters at a time to 1,200 Chinese characters. It is widely used in many fields such as ocean fishing, rescue and disaster relief, and global search and rescue. According to Yu Xiancheng, chairman of the China Satellite Navigation and Positioning Association, Beidou terminals have been installed on more than 70,000 fishing and law enforcement vessels across the country, and more than 10,000 people have been rescued.
The Beidou satellite navigation system is composed of three parts: space segment, ground segment and user segment. It is worth mentioning that the Beidou space segment uses a hybrid constellation composed of three orbiting satellites. In addition to the US GPS, European Galileo, and Russian GLONASS satellite navigation systems, it also has a medium-circle earth orbit satellite, as well as a geostationary orbit satellite. And tilted geosynchronous orbit satellites, these two types of satellites are high-orbit satellites. The higher the satellite, the stronger its anti-blocking ability. Whether it is in a city with tall buildings or in a mountainous area with much obscuration, it cannot be located in other satellite systems. Under the circumstances, Beidou can still "stick to its post." Especially in low latitude areas, Beidou performance is more advantageous.
Benefit domestic services to the world
On May 27th, China's 2020 Mount Everest Elevation Team successfully climbed the world's highest peak Mount Everest.
Fifteen years ago, when my country was measuring the elevation of Mount Everest, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite measurement mainly relied on the US GPS system. In this survey, my country also referred to the four major global satellite navigation systems of China Beidou, the United States GPS, European Galileo, and Russian GLONASS, and the Beidou data was mainly used. Among them, the Beidou high-precision positioning equipment developed by Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Co., Ltd. played an important role in the survey.
The headquarters of Huace Navigation is located in Beidou Industrial Park, West Hongqiao, Qingpu District, Shanghai. More than 100 companies related to the Beidou industry have gathered here. The upper, middle and lower reaches of the Beidou industry chain have formed close links.
From the application level, how is the Beidou industry chain divided?
It is understood that the "Beidou" industrial chain is mainly concentrated in the user segment of the Beidou system, which is divided into three major links: upstream basic components, midstream terminals, and downstream operation services. Among them, the upstream basic components are mainly chips, boards, antennas and other basic components; midstream terminals mainly refer to navigation and positioning devices that can receive "Beidou" signals; downstream operation services mainly refer to government and enterprise users, industry users, Service providers and mass consumers provide various basic services such as positioning, navigation, timing, and short message communication based on "Beidou".
From providing services for the Asia-Pacific region to providing services for the world, Beidou's global networking not only means that Beidou has a wider service coverage, but also benefits the entire industry chain. Related industry chain products have an additional support system. These products The user experience, stability, and reliability of the device will be greatly improved, especially in the chip and terminal industries.
The development and production technology of Beidou chips is gradually maturing. The 28-nanometer chip that supports the "Beidou-3" system signal has been widely used in the Internet of Things and consumer electronics. The 22-nanometer dual-frequency positioning chip has the market application conditions. The full-frequency integrated high-precision chip has been put into production. The performance of the Beidou chip Go to a new level. As of the end of 2019, the domestic Beidou navigation chip module shipments have exceeded 100 million, and the quarterly shipment exceeded 10 million. Beidou navigation chips, modules, high-precision boards and antennas have been exported to more than 100 countries and regions .
In terms of terminal products, taking smart phones as an example, in 2019, the total sales of domestic satellite navigation and positioning terminal products exceeded 460 million units, of which the sales of smart phones reached 372 million units. As of the third quarter of 2019, more than 400 mobile phones that have applied for network access in the Chinese market have positioning functions, among which nearly 300 support Beidou positioning.
The efforts of Beidou's entire industrial chain benefit both domestically and globally. “In 2019, Beidou’s overseas application cooperation and trade exchanges became more frequent. Domestic Beidou basic products have been exported to more than 120 countries and regions. Based on Beidou’s land right confirmation, precision agriculture, smart construction, smart ports, etc., it has been established in ASEAN, South Asia, and Eastern Europe. , West Asia, Africa and other places have been successfully applied." Yu Xiancheng said.
The Aerospace Star Company of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group has so far developed more than 1,000 kinds of satellite application products, including Beidou navigation handsets, Beidou shipborne terminals, and Beidou vehicle terminals. "In 2019, our ship-borne terminal products successfully entered the Myanmar fishery market. Up to now, we have delivered more than 1,000 sets of ship-borne terminal products, providing services such as ship positioning supervision and management of prohibited fishing and navigation areas for the Myanmar fishery regulatory authorities. It also provides fishermen with functions such as positioning and navigation, catch reporting, text communication and alarm and rescue." The relevant person in charge of Aerospace Star told reporters.
The complete completion of the Beidou system will greatly promote a new round of development of my country's satellite navigation industry. The "2020 China Satellite Navigation and Location Service Industry Development White Paper" (hereinafter referred to as the "White Paper") shows that in 2019, the overall output value of China's satellite navigation and location service industry reached 345 billion yuan, an increase of 14.4% over 2018. The industry is expected to be in 2020 The overall output value will exceed 400 billion yuan.
Applications are only limited by imagination
The signal is on the horizon and applied around.
From clothing, food, housing, transportation to water, electricity, gas, and heat, from agriculture, forestry and fishery to disaster relief and mitigation... Beidou satellite navigation system is deeply integrated into social life and penetrates into all aspects of economic and social development.
Which way is smoother when driving on the road? How long does it take for the bus to arrive at the station for public transportation? How can I find a bike quickly when sharing a ride? No matter what mode of transportation you choose, you cannot do without the Beidou satellite navigation system.
The transportation industry is one of the largest users of Beidou satellite navigation systems. Beidou system is widely used in key transportation process monitoring, highway infrastructure safety monitoring, port high-precision real-time dispatch monitoring and other fields. According to the data of the "White Paper", as of the end of 2019, there were more than 6.5 million operating vehicles, 40,000 express and postal vehicles, about 80,000 buses in 36 cities, more than 3,200 inland navigation facilities, and more than 2,900 maritime navigation facilities in China. The Beidou system has been applied to the facilities, and the world's largest dynamic monitoring system for operating vehicles has been built.
"Where" and "When" constitute the measurement coordinates of our daily work and life. Invisible and intangible time and space information is not only an important guarantee that is indispensable in people's lives, but also an important infrastructure of the national economy.
The construction of intelligent ports is regarded as an important means to enhance the core competitiveness of ports. Previously, nine departments including the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guiding Opinions on Building a World-Class Port", proposing to build information infrastructure based on Beidou satellite navigation system and other technologies, and promote the internal trucks of the port area and the collection and distribution channels of special scenes. Autonomous driving demonstration.
In Wuhan Huashan Port, rows of bridge cranes, ship cranes, and rail cranes lined up in sequence, and "flatbed trucks" with a length of about 15 meters and a maximum load of 75 tons traveled autonomously, parking, packing, driving off, parking, and unloading. A series of operations such as boxes are completely autonomous.
This is a 5G intelligent unmanned container transfer truck using Beidou positioning. Compared with traditional unmanned container trucks relying on “magnetic nails” on the ground to locate and move, the Beidou navigation system can provide higher-precision space-time information, transmit data through the 5G network, and enable the vehicle to perceive various objects within 200 meters and park. The positioning accuracy is controlled within 5 cm.
The accuracy is controlled within 5 cm-this is not the "limit" of Beidou. High-precision service is a major feature of Beidou. The service accuracy of traditional navigation systems is "meter-level" or even "10-meter-level", and higher-precision services are rarely open to the civilian market. The Beidou "One National Network", with more than 2,000 ground-based enhancement stations, the Beidou system is capable of providing users with decimeter-level, centimeter-level or even millimeter-level positioning accuracy.
When agriculture meets Beidou, planting is more labor-saving, seedling emergence is more worry-free, and labor productivity is greatly improved. In the farmland of Dashetai Town, Uradqian Banner, Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, unmanned planters are changing from "rare" to "common". Based on the Beidou positioning function, the planter operates on its own along a preset route. With this precise and scientific method, the seeding deviation per kilometer does not exceed 2 cm, and the seedling emergence rate per acre can increase by 10%.
According to statistics, there are more than 20,000 sets of agricultural machinery automatic driving systems based on the Beidou system, which saves 50% of labor costs; the agricultural machinery operation monitoring platform and the Internet of Things platform based on the Beidou system provide services for more than 100,000 sets of agricultural machinery equipment. Greatly improve the efficiency of operation management.
When disaster warning meets Beidou, people are safer and property is guaranteed. Not long ago, in Leijiashan, Shimen County, Hunan Province, thanks to the "Beidou Satellite High-precision Earth Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning System", a timely warning was issued. Villagers located in the landslide dangerous area were moved in time without any casualties. Through 24-hour real-time monitoring of the deformation and displacement of mountains, reservoirs, and rivers, Beidou provides early warning of possible landslides, subsidence, cracks, reservoir distress, and river water level surges to protect lives and reduce losses.
On the special battlefield, Beidou also responded quickly and played as sharply as possible. At the beginning of 2020, a battle against the new crown pneumonia epidemic was fought in the land of Shenzhou. Vulcan Mountain and Leishenshan Hospitals rose on the ground. It was Beidou that achieved high-precision positioning and accurate mapping of complex terrain and landforms; The "location-finding" online drone platform can realize the precision spraying of drones and other epidemic prevention operations. It is also Beidou that provides high-precision data for it; material transportation vehicles are monitored and controlled in real time, and intelligent robots quickly send medical supplies from various places. The support system behind the hospital quarantine area is Beidou...
The Beidou system collides with new technologies such as 5G mobile communications, blockchain, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence to build an emerging industrial ecological chain with Beidou space-time information as the main content, and promote changes in production and lifestyles and continuous innovation of business models. Create huge economic and social benefits.
In the future, Beidou has unlimited possibilities. Just as Academician Sun Jiadong, the first chief designer of the Beidou satellite navigation system, once said, “The application of Beidou is only limited by human imagination.” (Our reporter Chai Yaxin and Fu Xiaojing)